zh-cn	“受影响地区”指目前存在2019冠状病毒病传播的国家、省份、领地或城市，而不是仅报告输入病例的地区。
en-us	“Affected areas” are considered those countries, provinces, territories or cities experiencing ongoing transmission of COVID-19, in contrast to areas reporting only imported cases. 

zh-cn	中国，特别是湖北省，经历了持续的本地传播，并且自疫情开始以来迄今报告的确诊病例数量最多。
en-us	China, particularly the Province of Hubei, has experienced sustained local transmission and has reported by far the largest number of confirmed cases since the beginning of the outbreak.

zh-cn	最近中国的情况显示病例数显著减少。
en-us	Lately the situation in China showed a significant decrease in cases. 

zh-cn	在中国以外，越来越多的国家报告了病例，包括由2019冠状病毒病本地传播导致的病例。
en-us	An increasing number of countries, other than China, have reported cases, including through local transmission of COVID-19. 

zh-cn	随着疫情的发展，预计许多地区都可能会发现输入病例和2019冠状病毒病的本地传播。
en-us	As the epidemic evolves, it will be expected that many areas may detect imported cases and local transmission of COVID-19. 

zh-cn	世卫组织目前每日发布关于疫情演变的情况报告。
en-us	WHO is publishing daily situation reports on the evolution of the outbreak.

zh-cn	迄今报告的疫情主要发生在通过密切接触而染病的一些聚集性病例中、家庭内部或特殊聚会活动中。
en-us	The outbreaks reported so far have occurred primarily within clusters of cases exposed through close-contacts, within families or special gathering events. 

zh-cn	2019冠状病毒病主要通过来自受感染个体的飞沫和与受感染个体密切接触进行传播。
en-us	COVID-19 is primarily transmitted through droplets from, and close contact with, infected individuals. 

zh-cn	控制措施应注重预防，特别是勤洗手和咳嗽时注意卫生，
en-us	Control measures on prevention, particularly through regular hand washing and cough hygiene,

zh-cn	应注重积极监测，以便早期发现和隔离病例，
en-us	active surveillance for the early detection and isolation of cases,

zh-cn	迅速识别并密切监测病例的接触者，
en-us	the rapid identification and close monitoring of persons in contacts with cases,

zh-cn	以及快速提供临床医护，特别是对重症病例的医护，
en-us	the rapid access to clinical care, particularly for severe cases,

zh-cn	这样能有效控制大多数2019冠状病毒病暴发。
en-us	It is effective to contain most outbreaks of COVID-19.

zh-cn	国际交通建议世卫组织仍然不建议对目前遭受2019冠状病毒病疫情的国家采取旅行或贸易限制。
en-us	Recommendations for international trafficWHO continues to advise against the application of travel or trade restrictions to countries experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks.

zh-cn	有证据表明，突发公共卫生事件期间限制人员和货物的流动在大多数情况下并不有效，并可能转移其他干预措施的资源。
en-us	Evidence shows that restricting the movement of people and goods during public health emergencies is ineffective in most situations and may divert resources from other interventions. 

zh-cn	限制措施可能中断所需的援助和技术支持，可能扰乱商务，并可能对受影响国家产生负面的社会和经济影响。
en-us	Restrictions may interrupt needed aid and technical support, may disrupt businesses, and may have negative social and economic effects on the affected countries. 

zh-cn	限制人员流动的措施经证明可能暂时有效。
en-us	Measures that restrict the movement of people may prove temporarily useful.

zh-cn	在国际联系很少和应对能力有限的环境中，
en-us	in settings with few international connections and limited response capacities,

zh-cn	明显干扰国际交通的旅行措施可能只应当在疫情暴发之初应用，因为这些措施可能使各国有时间（即使仅能有几天时间）迅速实施有效的防范措施。
en-us	Travel measures that significantly interfere with international traffic may only be justified at the beginning of an outbreak, as they may allow countries to gain time, even if only a few days, to rapidly implement effective preparedness measures.

zh-cn	这种限制必须以谨慎的风险评估为依据，与公共卫生风险相对应，且持续时间短，并随着情况的发展定期得到重新审议。
en-us	Such restrictions must be based on a careful risk assessment, be proportionate to the public health risk, be short in duration, and be reconsidered regularly as the situation evolves.

zh-cn	禁止前往受影响地区或拒绝来自受影响地区的乘客入境通常不能有效防止病例输入，却可能造成重大的经济和社会影响。
en-us	Travel bans to affected areas or denial of entry to passengers coming from affected areas are usually not effective in preventing the importation of cases but may have a significant economic and social impact. 

zh-cn	自世卫组织宣布2019冠状病毒病构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件以来，截至2月27日，
en-us	Since WHO declaration of a public health emergency of international concern in relation to COVID-19, and as of 27 February, 

zh-cn	38个国家向世卫组织报告采取了对往返中国或其他一些国家的国际交通造成明显干扰的额外卫生措施，
en-us	38 countries have reported to WHO additional health measures that significantly interfere with international traffic in relation to travel to and from China or other countries, 

zh-cn	包括拒绝乘客入境、限制签证或对返回的旅客进行隔离等。
en-us	ranging from denial of entry of passengers, visa restrictions or quarantine for returning travellers.

zh-cn	若干拒绝旅客入境，或暂停了往返中国或其他受影响国家的航班的国家目前正在报告2019冠状病毒病病例。
en-us	Several countries that denied entry of travellers or who have suspended the flights to and from China or other affected countries, are now reporting cases of COVID-19.

zh-cn	仅在出入境时进行体温筛查并非阻止国际传播的有效方法，
en-us	Temperature screening alone, at exit or entry, is not an effective way to stop international spread, 

zh-cn	因为受感染的个体可能处于潜伏期，也可能处在病程早期未表现出明显的症状，或者可能服用了退烧药而掩盖了发热症状；
en-us	since infected individuals may be in incubation period, may not express apparent symptoms early on in the course of the disease, or may dissimulate fever through the use of antipyretics;

zh-cn	这些措施需要大量投资，而成效却可能甚少。
en-us	such measures require substantial investments for what may bear little benefits.

zh-cn	更有效的做法是向旅行者提供预防建议，并在抵达时收集健康状况申报表以及旅行者的详细联系信息，以便对入境旅行者进行适当的风险评估和可能的接触者追踪。
en-us	It is more effective to provide prevention recommendation messages to travellers and to collect health declarations at arrival, with travellers’ contact details, to allow for a proper risk assessment and a possible contact tracing of incoming travellers.

zh-cn	对国际旅行者的建议对于生病的旅行者，谨慎的做法是推迟或避免前往受影响地区，
en-us	Recommendations for international travellersIt is prudent for travellers who are sick to delay or avoid travel to affected areas,

zh-cn	特别是对于老年旅行者和患有慢性病或基础病症的人。
en-us	 in particular for elderly travellers and people with chronic diseases or underlying health conditions.

zh-cn	对于所有旅行者，关于个人卫生、咳嗽礼仪和与出现症状的人保持至少一米距离的一般建议仍然特别重要。
en-us	General recommendations for personal hygiene, cough etiquette and keeping a distance of at least one metre from persons showing symptoms remain particularly important for all travellers.

zh-cn	这些建议具体包括：经常采取手卫生措施，尤其是在接触呼吸道分泌物后。
en-us	These include:Perform hand hygiene frequently, particularly after contact with respiratory secretions. 

zh-cn	手卫生措施包括用肥皂和水洗手或用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液清洁手。
en-us	Hand hygiene includes either cleaning hands with soap and water or with an alcohol-based hand rub. 

zh-cn	如果手没有明显脏污，最好用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液清洁；
en-us	Alcohol-based hand rubs are preferred if hands are not visibly soiled;

zh-cn	如果手明显脏污，则用肥皂和水洗手；
en-us	wash hands with soap and water when they are visibly soiled;

zh-cn	咳嗽和打喷嚏时，用臂肘或用纸巾遮住口鼻，之后立即处理纸巾并采取手卫生措施；
en-us	Cover your nose and mouth with a flexed elbow or paper tissue when coughing or sneezing and disposing immediately of the tissue and performing hand hygiene;

zh-cn	避免触摸口鼻；
en-us	Refrain from touching mouth and nose;

zh-cn	如果没有表现出任何症状，则不需要医用口罩，因为没有证据表明佩戴任何类型的口罩可以保护无病者。
en-us	A medical mask is not required if exhibiting no symptoms, as there is no evidence that wearing a mask – of any type – protects non-sick persons. 

zh-cn	在某些文化中，可能经常戴口罩。
en-us	In some cultures, masks may be commonly worn. 

zh-cn	如果要戴口罩，则务必遵循关于佩戴、取下和处置口罩以及取下口罩后清洁手的最佳做法（见口罩使用建议) 。
en-us	If masks are to be worn, it is critical to follow best practices on how to wear, remove and dispose of them and on hand hygiene after removal (see Advice on the use of masks)

zh-cn	与对任何旅行一样，建议旅行者遵循适当的食品卫生做法，包括食品安全五大要点，以及关于减少新出现病原体从动物到人的传播风险的建议。
en-us	As for any travel, travellers are also advised to follow proper food hygiene practices, including the five keys for food safety, as well as recommendations to reduce the risk of transmission of emerging pathogens from animals to human in live markets.

zh-cn	从受影响地区返回的旅行者应进行为期14天的自我症状监测，并遵循接收国的国家规程。
en-us	Travellers returning from affected areas should self-monitor for symptoms for 14 days and follow national protocols of receiving countries. 

zh-cn	一些国家可能要求返回的旅行者进入隔离状态。
en-us	Some countries may require returning travellers to enter quarantine. 

zh-cn	如果出现发烧、咳嗽或呼吸困难等症状，建议旅行者联系当地医务人员，最好是通过电话，并向其告知自己的症状和旅行史。
en-us	If symptoms occur, such as fever, or cough or difficulty breathing, travellers are advised to contact local health care providers, preferably by phone, and inform them of their symptoms and their travel history. 

zh-cn	对于在入境口岸被识别的旅行者，建议遵循世卫组织关于入境口岸旅行者管理的建议。
en-us	For travellers identified at points of entry, it is recommended to follow WHO advice for the management of travellers at points of entry. 

zh-cn	国际民航组织和国际航空运输协会的网站上提供了关于飞机上患病乘客的治疗指南。
en-us	Guidance on treatment of sick passengers on board of airplanes is available on ICAO and IATA websites. 

zh-cn	世卫组织网站上提供了策划大型群众集会活动应考虑的主要因素。
en-us	Key considerations for planning of large mass gathering events are also available on WHO’s website. 

zh-cn	公布了在船上管理2019冠状病毒病病例应考虑的操作问题。
en-us	Operational considerations for managing COVID-19 cases on board of ships has also been published.

zh-cn	
en-us	