zh-cn	随着COVID-19疫情的持续演变，人们将其与流感进行了比较。
en-us	As the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve, comparisons have been drawn to influenza. 

zh-cn	这两种病毒都会导致呼吸道疾病，但它们大有不同，传播方式也很不一样。
en-us	Both cause respiratory disease, yet there are important differences between the two viruses and how they spread. 

zh-cn	阐明这些差异对采取有针对性的公共卫生措施抗击这两种病毒具有重要意义。 
en-us	This has important implications for the public health measures that can be implemented to respond to each virus. 

zh-cn	COVID-19和流感病毒有何相似之处？ 
en-us	How are COVID-19 and influenza viruses similar? 

zh-cn	首先，COVID-19病毒和流感病毒会导致相似的疾病症状。
en-us	Firstly, COVID-19 and influenza viruses have a similar disease presentation. 

zh-cn	它们都引起呼吸系统疾病，有的患者无症状或属轻症，有的则患重症甚至死亡。 
en-us	That is, they both cause respiratory disease, which presents as a wide range of illness from asymptomatic or mild through to severe disease and death. 

zh-cn	其次，这两种病毒均通过接触、飞沫和污染物传播。
en-us	Secondly, both viruses are transmitted by contact, droplets and fomites. 

zh-cn	因此，可以采取同样的公共卫生措施，例如保持良好的手卫生习惯和呼吸礼仪（咳嗽时屈肘遮掩口鼻或使用纸巾，并立即适当处置用过的纸巾）。这些措施对于预防感染很重要。 
en-us	As a result, the same public health measures, such as hand hygiene and good respiratory etiquette (coughing into your elbow or into a tissue and immediately disposing of the tissue), are important actions all can take to prevent infection. 

zh-cn	COVID-19病毒和流感病毒有什么不同？ 
en-us	How are COVID-19 and influenza viruses different? 

zh-cn	这两种病毒的一个重大差异是传播速度。
en-us	The speed of transmission is an important point of difference between the two viruses. 

zh-cn	与COVID-19病毒相比，流感的中位潜伏期（从感染到出现症状的时间）较短，病例间隔时间也较短。
en-us	Influenza has a shorter median incubation period (the time from infection to appearance of symptoms) and a shorter serial interval (the time between successive cases) than COVID-19 virus. 

zh-cn	COVID-19病例间隔时间估计为5-6天，而流感病例间隔时间为3天。
en-us	The serial interval for COVID-19 virus is estimated to be 5-6 days, while for influenza virus, the serial interval is 3 days. 

zh-cn	这也就是说，流感传播速度可能高于COVID-19。 
en-us	This means that influenza can spread faster than COVID-19. 

zh-cn	此外，疾病最初3-5天的传播，或在出现症状前可能发生的传播，是流感传播的一个主要驱动因素。
en-us	Further, transmission in the first 3-5 days of illness, or potentially pre-symptomatic transmission –transmission of the virus before the appearance of symptoms – is a major driver of transmission for influenza. 

zh-cn	相比之下，虽然我们了解到有些人可在症状出现之前24-48小时排放COVID-19病毒，但目前看来这似乎并不是COVID-19传播的主要驱动因素。 
en-us	In contrast, while we are learning that there are people who can shed COVID-19 virus 24-48 hours prior to symptom onset, at present, this does not appear to be a major driver of transmission. 

zh-cn	据了解，COVID-19病毒的基本繁殖数（即一位受感染个人导致的继发感染数）在2到2.5之间，高于流感病毒。
en-us	The reproductive number – the number of secondary infections generated from one infected individual – is understood to be between 2 and 2.5 for COVID-19 virus, higher than for influenza. 

zh-cn	但对COVID-19病毒和流感病毒的估算在很大程度上取决于具体环境和时间，因此较难直接比较。 
en-us	However, estimates for both COVID-19 and influenza viruses are very context and time-specific, making direct comparisons more difficult. 

zh-cn	儿童是流感病毒社区传播的重要传播源。
en-us	Children are important drivers of influenza virus transmission in the community. 

zh-cn	但初步数据表明儿童受COVID-19病毒感染的程度低于成人，0-19岁年龄组的临床发病率较低。
en-us	For COVID-19 virus, initial data indicates that children are less affected than adults and that clinical attack rates in the 0-19 age group are low. 

zh-cn	来自中国家庭传播研究项目的进一步初步数据表明，儿童由成人感染，而不是成人由儿童感染。 
en-us	Further preliminary data from household transmission studies in China suggest that children are infected from adults, rather than vice versa. 

zh-cn	这两种病毒引发的疾病症状相似，但看来重症比例不同。
en-us	While the range of symptoms for the two viruses is similar, the fraction with severe disease appears to be different. 

zh-cn	关于COVID-19，迄今为止的数据表明80%的感染是轻症或无症状，15%是严重感染，需要输氧，5%是危重感染，需要插管通气。
en-us	For COVID-19, data to date suggest that 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe infection, requiring oxygen and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. 

zh-cn	COVID-19严重和危重感染百分比高于观测到的流感病毒感染情况。 
en-us	These fractions of severe and critical infection would be higher than what is observed for influenza infection. 

zh-cn	儿童、孕妇、老年人、有慢性基础疾病的人和免疫受抑制人群是流感严重感染的高风险人群。
en-us	Those most at risk for severe influenza infection are children, pregnant women, elderly, those with underlying chronic medical conditions and those who are immunosuppressed. 

zh-cn	而对于COVID-19，我们认为，老龄和基础性疾病会加剧严重感染的风险。 
en-us	For COVID-19, our current understanding is that older age and underlying conditions increase the risk for severe infection. 

zh-cn	COVID-19的死亡率看来高于流感，尤其是高于季节性流感。
en-us	Mortality for COVID-19 appears higher than for influenza, especially seasonal influenza. 

zh-cn	需要一些时日才能确定COVID-19的实际死亡率。据我们目前掌握的数据，粗死亡率（报告的死亡人数除以报告的病例数）在3%-4%之间，感染死亡率（报告的死亡人数除以感染人数）会低于此数。
en-us	While the true mortality of COVID-19 will take some time to fully understand, the data we have so far indicate that the crude mortality ratio (the number of reported deaths divided by the reported cases) is between 3-4%, the infection mortality rate (the number of reported deaths divided by the number of infections) will be lower. 

zh-cn	季节性流感死亡率通常远低于0.1%。
en-us	For seasonal influenza, mortality is usually well below 0.1%. 

zh-cn	死亡率在很大程度上取决于人们获得医疗服务的机会和质量。 
en-us	However, mortality is to a large extent determined by access to and quality of health care. 

zh-cn	针对COVID-19病毒和流感病毒有哪些医疗干预措施？ 
en-us	What medical interventions are available for COVID-19 and influenza viruses? 

zh-cn	中国目前正对多种治疗方法进行临床试验。全球共有20多种疫苗在研发中。目前还没有针对COVID-19的已获许可的疫苗或治疗方法。
en-us	While there are a number of therapeutics currently in clinical trials in China and more than 20 vaccines in development for COVID-19, there are currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for COVID-19. 

zh-cn	而目前已有多种抗流感病毒药物和疫苗。
en-us	In contrast, antivirals and vaccines available for influenza. 

zh-cn	尽管流感疫苗对COVID-19病毒并无效果，但我们强烈建议每年接种流感疫苗，以防感染流感病毒。
en-us	While the influenza vaccine is not effective against COVID-19 virus, it is highly recommended to get vaccinated each year to prevent influenza infection.