en-us	Individuals infected by the coronavirus potentially face a blow to their health and personal and economic well-being. 
zh-cn	感染冠状病毒的个人可能会面临个人健康和经济福利的打击。

en-us	Similarly, countries hit by a sudden and unexpected public health emergency—as coronavirus is proving to be—can see their economies slow and their budgets squeezed as they spend more to counter the impact of the virus. 
zh-cn	同样，遭受公共卫生突发事件（如冠状病毒）打击的国家，由于需要应对由此产生的人员和经济后果，其预算也受到挤压。 

en-us	At the same time, they may experience a drop in revenue from falling economic activity. 
zh-cn	同时，由于经济活动下滑，政府收入可能下降。

en-us	Countries could also face lower export revenues due to falling tourism receipts or a decline in commodity prices. 
zh-cn	由于旅游收入下降或商品价格下降，各国也可能面临较低的出口收入。

en-us	A sudden halt in capital inflows could exacerbate the situation further. 
zh-cn	所有这些可能因资本流入突然停止而恶化。

en-us	Together, this can result in an urgent balance-of-payments need to counter the mismatch between foreign exchange inflows and outflows. 
zh-cn	这些因素合起来可能导致出现紧急的国际收支需求，以应对外汇流入与流出之间的不匹配。 

en-us	Even if an individual country is fortunate enough to escape widespread viral contagion, the spillover effects from global developments or broken supply chains may still lead to faltering economic activity. 
zh-cn	即使个别国家足够幸运，没有受到广泛的病毒传染，但全球形势或供应链中断带来的溢出效应仍可能导致经济活动不稳。 

en-us	Timely financial assistance 
zh-cn	及时的资金支持 

en-us	While the physical impact of the virus will be tackled by health professionals, the IMF can help mitigate the economic fallout from the coronavirus. 
zh-cn	尽管病毒对人体健康的影响将由卫生专业人员来处理，但国际货币基金组织仍能够帮助缓解COVID-19的经济影响。

en-us	In addition to policy and technical advice, the greatest support the IMF can provide in such emergencies is through timely financial assistance. 
zh-cn	在这种紧急情况下，国际货币基金组织能给予的最大支持是提供及时的资金援助。 

en-us	The IMF has a long history and extensive expertise in responding to natural disasters, epidemics, and post-conflict situations. 
zh-cn	长期以来，国际货币基金组织在应对自然灾害、流行病或冲突后局势方面拥有丰富的专业知识。

en-us	Emergency financial assistance, on average, accounts for 20 percent of IMF members’ requests for support. 
zh-cn	平均而言，在成员国向国际货币基金组织提出的支持请求中，紧急资金援助占20%。

en-us	Swift financing can be essential to replenish international reserves, obtain critical imports, or boost budgets. 
zh-cn	快速的融资对于补充国际储备、获得关键的进口品或增加预算至关重要。 

en-us	When the Ebola virus devastated parts of Africa—and Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone suffered significant humanitarian and economic hardship—the IMF provided concessional emergency assistance of US$378 million to these three countries, a total of 2.3 percent of their combined GDP. 
zh-cn	当埃博拉病毒席卷非洲部分地区，几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂遭受严重的人道主义和经济困难时，国际货币基金组织向这三个国家提供了3.78亿美元的优惠紧急援助，总共占其GDP的2.3%。 

en-us	The IMF also provided relief to reduce their debt burden using funds from the IMF’s Catastrophic Containment and Relief Trust, which is being boosted by a £150 million contribution from the United Kingdom. 
zh-cn	国际货币基金组织还通过其控灾减灾信托的资金向这些国家提供债务减免，这一信托可能很快将因英国捐赠的1.5亿美元而扩大。 

en-us	Two emergency financing instruments 
zh-cn	两项紧急融资工具 

en-us	Under the IMF’s two emergency financing instruments—the Rapid Credit Facility and the Rapid Financing Instrument—member countries can receive financing to respond to shocks, including large natural and health disasters. 
zh-cn	在国际货币基金组织的两项紧急融资工具下——快速信贷和快速融资工具，成员国可以获得融资来应对冲击，包括严重自然灾害和卫生灾难。

en-us	The benefits of these two lending vehicles are their size, their speed, and their flexibility. 
zh-cn	这两种贷款工具的好处体现在它们的规模、速度和灵活性。

en-us	After Cyclone Idai swept through Mozambique, the Fund responded quickly to provide emergency support. 
zh-cn	飓风“伊代”席卷莫桑比克后，资金请求与批准之间的时间间隔约为四个星期。 

en-us	In contrast to Fund programs that provide financing over time, disbursements under these two instruments are one-off payments meant to cover an urgent balance-of-payments need and not subject to traditional IMF conditions. 
zh-cn	与国际货币基金组织分期提供资金的规划不同，这两种工具下的资金拨付是一次性的，旨在满足紧急的国际收支需求，不受国际货币基金组织传统贷款条件的约束。

en-us	The country has only to demonstrate that its debt is sustainable and make a commitment to economic policies that help overcome the emergency. 
zh-cn	有关国家仅需证明其债务是可持续的，并承诺实施有助于解决突发事件的经济政策。 

en-us	Adding up the numbers 
zh-cn	结论 

en-us	In the event of a severe downturn triggered by the coronavirus, we estimate the Fund could provide up to US$50 billion in emergency financing to fund emerging and developing countries’ initial response. 
zh-cn	如果COVID-19引发严重经济衰退，我们估计国际货币基金组织可能需要提供高达500亿美元的紧急融资，帮助新兴和发展中国家采取初始应对措施。

en-us	Low-income countries could benefit from about US$10 billion of this amount, largely on concessional terms. 
zh-cn	具体来说，低收入国家可以从中获得约100亿美元，这些资金主要是以优惠条件提供。 

en-us	Beyond the immediate emergency, members can also request a new loan—drawing on the IMF’s war chest of around US$1 trillion in quota and borrowed resources—and current borrowers can top up their ongoing lending arrangements. 
zh-cn	在应对最初紧急情况之后，成员国还可以申请新的贷款——提用国际货币基金组织约1万亿美元的份额储备和借入资源——现有借款国可以扩大现有借款安排。 

en-us	As we watch the unfolding health emergency, like the rest of the global community, the IMF is hoping for the best. 
zh-cn	在与全球各方一样关注这一不断变化的卫生突发事件的同时，国际货币基金组织抱着最大希望。

en-us	But, through its emergency financing, we are prepared for the worst so that, in the words of the American writer Maya Angelou, we can try to be unsurprised by anything in between.
zh-cn	但是，我们也通过紧急融资做了最坏准备，用美国作家Maya Angelou的话来说，在这两者之间发生什么，都不会让我们措手不及。