zh-cn	特定场所消毒技术指南
en-us	Technical Guidelines for Disinfection of Special Sites for COVID-19

zh-cn	消毒原则
en-us	Principles of Disinfection

zh-cn	范围和对象确定
en-us	Determination of Scope and Objects

zh-cn	根据流行病学调查结果确定现场消毒的范围、对象和时限。
en-us	One should determine the scope, the objects for disinfection, and the timing of disinfection based on an epidemiological investigation risk assessment.

zh-cn	病例和无症状感染者居住过的场所，如家庭、医疗机构 隔离病房、转运工具等应进行随时消毒，在病例出院或死亡 后，无症状感染者核酸检测阴转后均应进行终末消毒。
en-us	Places where patients and asymptomatic infected individuals have stayed, such as homes, medical institutions, isolation wards, transfer vehicles, etc., should carry out concurrent disinfection and should have a terminal disinfection after discharge or death of a patient; for asymptomatic infected individuals, a terminal disinfection should be done after their nucleic acid test results turn negative.

zh-cn	医疗机构应尽量选择一次性诊疗用品，
en-us	Medical institutions should strive to use disposable diagnostic supplies as much as possible.

zh-cn	非一次性诊疗用品应首选压力蒸汽灭菌，不耐热物品可选择化学消毒剂或低 温灭菌设备进行消毒或灭菌。
en-us	For non-disposables, pressurized steam sterilization is preferred, but heat-sensitive items can be disinfected or sterilized with chemical disinfectants or low-temperature sterilization equipment.

zh-cn	环境物体表面可选择含氯消毒剂、二氧化氯等消毒剂擦 拭、喷洒或浸泡消毒。
en-us	The environmental subject surface can be disinfected by wiping, spraying, or soaking with chlorinated disinfectants, chlorine dioxide, or other chemical disinfectants.

zh-cn	手、皮肤建议选择有效的消毒剂如碘伏和过氧化氢消毒 剂等手皮肤消毒剂或速干手消毒剂擦拭消毒。
en-us	For hand and skin disinfection, an effective disinfectant such as povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide or other alcohol-based hand rub should be used.

zh-cn	室内空气消毒可选择过氧乙酸、二氧化氯、过氧化氢等 消毒剂喷雾消毒。
en-us	For indoor air disinfection, one can choose disinfection sprays such as peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

zh-cn	所用消毒产品应符合国家卫生健康部门管理要求。
en-us	All disinfection products must comply with national health department management requirements.

zh-cn	消毒措施
en-us	Disinfection Measures

zh-cn	随时消毒
en-us	Concurrent Disinfection

zh-cn	随时消毒是指对病例和无症状感染者污染的物品和场 所及时进行的消毒处理。
en-us	Concurrent disinfection refers to the timely disinfection of items and places potentially contaminated by patients or asymptomatic infected persons.

zh-cn	患者居住过的场所如家庭、医疗机构隔离病房、医学观察场所以及转运工具等，患者排出的污染物及其污染的物品，
en-us	Places where patients have stayed, such as homes, isolation wards of medical institutions, medical observation sites, transfer vehicles, as well as the contaminated items and waste from patients should carry out concurrent disinfection.

zh-cn	应做好随时消毒，消毒方法参见终末消毒。
en-us	For disinfection methods, refer to the section on terminal disinfection.

zh-cn	有人条件下，不建议喷洒消毒。
en-us	Do not use spray disinfection when there are people in the room.

zh-cn	患者隔离的场所可采 取排风（包括自然通风和机械排风）措施，保持室内空气流 通。
en-us	Ventilation (natural or mechanical ventilation) in isolation rooms should be used to maintain adequate indoor air circulation.

zh-cn	每日通风 2～3 次，每次不少于 30 分钟。
en-us	Rooms should be ventilated 2 to 3 times a day for at least 30 minutes each time.

zh-cn	有条件的医疗机构应将患者安置到负压隔离病房，
en-us	If negative pressure isolation wards are available, patients should be placed in negative pressure isolation wards of healthcare facilities;

zh-cn	疑似病例应进行单间隔离，
en-us	patients with suspected cases should be isolated in single rooms;

zh-cn	确诊病例可多人安置于同一房间。
en-us	those with confirmed cases can occupy the same room.

zh-cn	非负压隔离病房应通风良好，可采取排风（包括自然通风和机 械排风），
en-us	Non-negative pressure isolation wards should be well ventilated through natural or mechanical ventilation;

zh-cn	也可采用循环风空气消毒机进行空气消毒。
en-us	alternatively, air disinfecting machines with circulating air can be used to disinfect air.

zh-cn	无人条件下还可用紫外线对空气进行消毒，
en-us	Ultraviolet light can also be used for air disinfection in unoccupied areas.

zh-cn	用紫外线消毒时，可适当延长照射时间到 1 小时以上。
en-us	When using ultraviolet light, exposure times can be extended to more than one hour.

zh-cn	医护人员和陪护人员在诊 疗、护理工作结束后应洗手并消毒。
en-us	Medical staff and companions should wash and disinfect their hands after diagnosis, treatment, or nursing procedures.

zh-cn	终末消毒
en-us	Terminal Disinfection

zh-cn	终末消毒是指传染源离开有关场所后进行的彻底的消毒处理，
en-us	Terminal disinfection refers to the thorough disinfection after a potential source of infection has left a relevant site.

zh-cn	应确保终末消毒后的场所及其中的各种物品不再有 病原体的存在。
en-us	The goal of terminal disinfection is to ensure that disinfected places and objects are made pathogen-free.

zh-cn	终末消毒对象包括病例和无症状感染者排出的污染物（血液、分泌物、呕吐物、排泄物等）及其可能污染的物品和场所
en-us	Terminal disinfection targets include patients and asymptomatic infected persons’ excretions and secretions (blood, secretions, vomitus, feces, etc.) and places potentially contaminated by such wastes.

zh-cn	不必对室外环境（包括空气）开展大面积消毒。
en-us	It is not necessary to disinfect the outdoor environment (including the air) on a large scale.

zh-cn	病例和无症状感染者短暂活动过的无明显污染物的场 所，无需进行终末消毒。
en-us	Terminal disinfection is not needed for places where asymptomatic infected persons have temporarily stayed, provided there is no waste or other residue from their stay.

zh-cn	病家
en-us	Patient Homes

zh-cn	在病例住院或死亡后，无症状感染者核酸检测阴转后均应进行终末消毒，包括：住室地面、墙壁，桌、椅等家具台 面，门把手，患者餐（饮）具、衣服、被褥等生活用品，玩具，卫生间包括厕所等。
en-us	After a patient is hospitalized or dies, or an asymptomatic infected person’s nucleic acid test results turn negative, terminal disinfection should be carried out targeting surfaces of floors, walls, table, chairs, and other furniture; door handles, tableware, and drinkware; clothes, bedding, and other daily necessities; toys; and bathrooms including toilets.

zh-cn	交通运输工具。
en-us	Vehicles

zh-cn	病例和无症状感染者离开后应对交通运输工具进行终末消毒，包括：舱室内壁、座椅、卧铺、桌面等物体表面， 食饮具，所用寝（卧）具等纺织品，排泄物、呕吐物及其污 染的物品和场所，火车和飞机的卫生间等。
en-us	Terminal disinfection should be performed after patients and asymptomatic infected persons exit vehicles. Disinfection should be carried out and include surfaces of cabins, seats, sleepers, tableware and drinkware, textiles such as bedding, excreta, vomitus, items, places contaminated by excreta and vomitus, and toilets in trains and aircraft.

zh-cn	医疗机构
en-us	Medical Institutions

zh-cn	医疗机构发热门诊、感染科门诊等每日工作结束后，以及病区隔离病房，在病例住院或死亡后，无症状感染者核酸 检测阴转后，均应做好终末消毒，包括：地面、墙壁，桌、 椅、床头柜、床架等物体表面，患者衣服、被褥等生活用品 及相关诊疗用品，以及室内空气等。
en-us	Fever outpatient clinics and infectious disease outpatient clinics should have terminal disinfection performed at the end of every working day. Isolation wards should perform terminal disinfection after patient discharge or death or after nucleic acid testing of asymptomatic infected persons turns negative. Terminal disinfection should include floors, walls, surface of tables, chairs, bedside tables, bedsteads, patients’ clothes and bedding, other daily necessities, medical supplies, and indoor air.

zh-cn	终末消毒程序
en-us	Terminal Disinfection Procedures

zh-cn	终末消毒程序按照《疫源地消毒总则》（GB19193-2015）附录 A 执行。
en-us	The terminal disinfection procedure is performed in accordance with Appendix A of the General Principles of Disinfection of Epidemic Focus (GB 19193–2015).

zh-cn	现场消毒人员在配制和使用化学消毒剂时应做 好个人防护。
en-us	On-site disinfection personnel should use individual protection when preparing and using chemical disinfectants.

zh-cn	常见污染对象的消毒方法
en-us	Disinfection of Commonly Contaminated Objects

zh-cn	室内空气
en-us	Indoor Air

zh-cn	居住过的场所如家庭、医疗机构隔离病房等室内空气的 终末消毒可参照《医院空气净化管理规范》（WS/T 368-2012）
en-us	For terminal disinfection of indoor air in venues such as households and isolation wards of medical institutions, one can refer to the “Management Specifications of Air Cleaning Technique in Hospitals” (WS/T 368–2012).

zh-cn	在无人条件下可选择过氧乙酸、二氧化氯、过氧化氢等消毒 剂，采用超低容量喷雾法进行消毒。
en-us	Peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other disinfectants can be selected to disinfect indoor areas (while unoccupied) by ultra-low volume spray.

zh-cn	污染物（患者血液、分泌物和呕吐物）。
en-us	Contaminants (Blood, Secretions, Vomitus, etc.)

zh-cn	少量污染物可用一次性吸水材料（如纱布、抹布等）沾取有效氯 5000mg/L～10000mg/L 的含氯消毒液小心移除。
en-us	Small amounts of waste can be carefully removed by using disposable absorbent materials (such as gauze or wipes) and dipped in 5,000–10,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant.

zh-cn	或用能达到高水平消毒的消毒湿巾/干巾移除
en-us	Alternatively, disinfecting with wet wipes/dry wipes that are able to achieve high-level disinfection is acceptable.

zh-cn	大量污染物应使用含吸水成分的消毒粉或漂白粉完全覆盖，或用一次性吸水材料完全覆盖后用足量的有效氯5000mg/L～10000mg/L 的含氯消毒液浇在吸水材料上，作用30 分钟以上（或能达到高水平消毒的消毒干巾），小心清除干净。
en-us	Large volumes of waste should be completely covered with disinfectant powder or bleach powder containing water-absorbing ingredients or fully covered with disposable water-absorbing materials that can achieve high-level disinfection. A sufficient amount of 5,000–10,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant (or disinfected dry towels) should be poured on the water-absorbing materials for 30 minutes followed by careful removal of the waste.

zh-cn	清除过程中避免接触污染物，清理的污染物按医疗废物集中处置。
en-us	One should avoid contact with waste during removal. Resulting disinfected waste should be properly disposed of as medical waste.

zh-cn	患者的分泌物、呕吐物等应有专门容器收集，用有效 氯 20000 mg/L 的含氯消毒剂，按物、药比例 1:2 浸泡消毒2 h。
en-us	Patients’ secretions and vomitus should be collected in a specialized container and should be soaked for two hours with 20,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant using a ratio of 1∶2 for waste to disinfectant.

zh-cn	清除污染物后，应对污染的环境物体表面进行消毒。
en-us	After removal of waste, surfaces of the contaminated objects should be disinfected.

zh-cn	盛放污染物的容器可用有效氯 5000mg/L 的含氯消毒剂溶液 浸泡消毒 30 分钟，然后清洗干净。
en-us	The container containing waste can be soaked with a 5,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant for 30 minutes before being cleaned.

zh-cn	粪便和污水
en-us	Feces and Sewage

zh-cn	具有独立化粪池时，在进入市政排水管网前需进行消 毒处理
en-us	Independent septic tanks should be disinfected before their materials enter the municipal drainage pipe network;

zh-cn	定期投加含氯消毒剂，池内投加含氯消毒剂
en-us	chlorine-containing disinfectant should be added regularly, and chlorine-containing disinfectant should be added into the tank.

zh-cn	初次投加，有效氯 40mg/L 以上，并确保消毒 1.5 小时后， 总余氯量达 10mg/L。
en-us	Initially, the effective chlorine level should be at least 40 mg/L and total residual chlorine should be 10 mg/L after 1.5 hours of disinfection.

zh-cn	消毒后污水应当符合《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》（GB18466-2005）。
en-us	Disinfected sewage should meet the Discharge standard of water pollutants from medical organizations (GB18466–2005).

zh-cn	无独立化粪池时，使用专门容器收集排泄物，消毒处 理后排放。
en-us	In the absence of a separate septic tank, special containers should be used to collect, disinfect, and dispose of feces.

zh-cn	用有效氯 20000mg/L 的含氯消毒液，按粪、药 比例 1：2 浸泡消毒 2h；
en-us	Chlorine-containing disinfectant with effective chlorine concentrations of 20,000 mg/L should be used to soak excrement for 2 hours with an excrement to disinfectant ratio of 1∶2.

zh-cn	若有大量稀释排泄物，应用含有效 氯 70%-80%漂白粉精干粉，按粪、药比例 20：1 加药后充分搅匀，消毒 2h。
en-us	If there is a large amount of diluted excrement, 70%–80% effective chlorine concentration bleaching powder should be applied, and the slurry should be thoroughly mixed for 2 hours with an excrement to disinfectant ratio of 20∶1.

zh-cn	有肉眼可见污染物时，应先完全清除污染物再消毒。
en-us	If there are visible contaminants, the contaminants should be completely removed before disinfection.

zh-cn	无 肉眼可见污染物时，可用有效氯 1000mg/L 的含氯消毒液或500mg/L 的二氧化氯消毒剂擦拭或喷洒消毒。
en-us	When there are no visible contaminants, one can use 1,000 mg/L of chlorine containing disinfectant or 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide to wipe or spray the floors and walls.

zh-cn	地面消毒先由外向内喷洒一次，喷药量为 100mL/m2～300mL/m2
en-us	Floors should be sprayed with disinfectant once from outside to inside with a volume of 100–300 mL/m2.

zh-cn	待室内消 毒完毕后，再由内向外重复喷洒一次。
en-us	Following indoor disinfection, the floor should be sprayed once more from the inside out.

zh-cn	消毒作用时间应不少 于 30 分钟。
en-us	Disinfection time should be no less than 30 minutes.

zh-cn	物体表面
en-us	Subject Surfaces

zh-cn	诊疗设施设备表面以及床围栏、床头柜、家具、门把手、 家居用品等有肉眼可见污染物时，应先完全清除污染物再消 毒。
en-us	When there are visible contaminants on the surface of diagnosis and treatment equipment such as bed rails, bedside tables, furniture, door handles, or household items, the contaminants should be completely removed before disinfection.

zh-cn	无肉眼可见污染物时，用有效氯 1000mg/L 的含氯消毒 液或 500mg/L 的二氧化氯消毒剂进行喷洒、擦拭或浸泡消毒
en-us	When there are no visible contaminants, 1,000 mg/L of chlorine-containing disinfectant or 500 mg/L of chlorine dioxide can be used for spraying, wiping, and soaking.

zh-cn	作用 30 分钟后清水擦拭干净。
en-us	After 30 minutes of disinfection, surfaces can be wiped clean with water.

zh-cn	衣服、被褥等纺织品。
en-us	Clothing, Bedding and Other Textiles

zh-cn	在收集时应避免产生气溶胶，建议均按医疗废物集中处 理。
en-us	Aerosols should be avoided during collection, and it is recommended that textiles be centrally incinerated as medical waste.

zh-cn	无肉眼可见污染物时，若需重复使用，可用流通蒸汽或 煮沸消毒 30 分钟；
en-us	When there are no visible contaminants and if the textiles need to be reused, they can be disinfected with circulating steam or by boiling for 30 minutes.

zh-cn	或先用有效氯 500mg/L 的含氯消毒液浸 泡 30 分钟，然后按常规清洗；
en-us	Alternatively, 500 mg/L of chlorine-containing disinfectant can be used to soak contaminated textiles for 30 minutes prior to standard washing.

zh-cn	或采用水溶性包装袋盛装后 直接投入洗衣机中，同时进行洗涤消毒 30 分钟，并保持500mg/L 的有效氯含量；
en-us	Alternatively, they can be washed in a washing machine in a water-soluble packaging bag, washed, and then disinfected for 30 minutes, with an effective chlorine content maintained at 500 mg/L.

zh-cn	贵重衣物可选用环氧乙烷方法进行 消毒处理。
en-us	Delicate or valuable clothing can be disinfected using ethylene oxide.

zh-cn	手卫生。
en-us	Hand Hygiene

zh-cn	参与现场工作的所有人员均应加强手卫生措施，可选用含醇速干手消毒剂或醇类复配速干手消毒剂，
en-us	Personnel participating in field work should always use proper hand hygiene practices. An effective alcohol or alcohol compound-based hand rub can be used.

zh-cn	或直接用 75%乙醇进行擦拭消毒；
en-us	Hands can also be directly wiped with 75% ethanol solutions.

zh-cn	醇类过敏者，可选择季铵盐类等有效的 非醇类手消毒剂；
en-us	Individuals allergic to alcohol can choose an effective non-alcohol hand antiseptic agent such as quaternary ammonium disinfectant;

zh-cn	特殊条件下，也可使用 3%过氧化氢消毒剂、0.5%碘伏或 0.05%含氯消毒剂等擦拭或浸泡双手，并适当延 长消毒作用时间。
en-us	under special circumstances, a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution disinfectant, 0.5% povidone-iodine, or 0.05% chlorine-containing disinfectant can be used to wipe or soak hands, using an appropriately prolonged disinfection time.

zh-cn	有肉眼可见污染物时应先使用洗手液在流 动水下洗手，然后按上述方法消毒。
en-us	One should wash hands with liquid soap and running water before disinfection when there are visible contaminants.

zh-cn	皮肤、粘膜。
en-us	Skin and Mucous Membranes

zh-cn	皮肤被污染物污染时，应立即清除污染物，再用一次性 吸水材料沾取 0.5%碘伏或过氧化氢消毒剂擦拭消毒 3 分钟以 上，使用清水清洗干净；
en-us	When skin is contaminated, the contaminants should be removed immediately, and the skin should be wiped for at least 3 minutes with a disposable absorbent material dipped with 0.5% povidone-iodine or hydrogen peroxide and washed with water.

zh-cn	粘膜应用大量生理盐水冲洗或 0.05% 碘伏冲洗消毒。
en-us	Mucous membranes should be washed with a large amount of physiologic saline or rinsed and disinfected with 0.05% povidone-iodine.

zh-cn	餐（饮）具。
en-us	Tableware and Drinkware

zh-cn	餐（饮）具清除食物残渣后，煮沸消毒 30 分钟，也可 用有效氯 500mg/L 的含氯消毒液浸泡 30 分钟后，再用清水 洗净。
en-us	After tableware or drinkware is cleared of food residue, it should be boiled and disinfected for 30 minutes or immersed in a chlorine-containing disinfectant with an effective chlorine of 500 mg/L and soaked for 30 minutes before being rinsed with water.

zh-cn	交通运输和转运工具。
en-us	Transported and Transferred Tools

zh-cn	应先进行污染情况评估，火车、汽车和轮船有可见污染 物 时 应 先 使 用 一 次 性 吸 水 材 料 沾 取 有 效 氯 5000mg/L ～10000mg/L 的含氯消毒液（或能达到高水平消毒的消毒湿巾/ 干巾）完全清除污染物，再用有效氯 1000mg/L 的含氯消毒 液或 500mg/L 的二氧化氯消毒剂进行喷洒或擦拭消毒，作用30 分钟后清水擦拭干净。
en-us	The degree of contamination should be evaluated. When there are visible contaminants in trains, cars, or ships, one should first use disposable absorbent materials dipped with 5,000–10,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant (or by using disinfectant wipes/dry towel that can achieve high-level disinfection) to completely remove the contaminants, followed by spraying or wiping the area with 1,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant or 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide and wiping with clean water after 30 minutes of disinfection.

zh-cn	对飞机机舱消毒时，消毒剂种类和 剂量按中国民航的有关规定进行。
en-us	When disinfecting aircraft cabins, disinfectant types and dosages should be selected in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

zh-cn	织物、坐垫、枕头和床单 等建议按医疗废物集中处理。
en-us	Fabrics, cushions, pillows, and sheets are recommended to be collected and managed centrally as medical waste.

zh-cn	患者生活垃圾
en-us	Domestic Wastes from Patients

zh-cn	患者生活垃圾按医疗废物处理。
en-us	Waste from patients should treated as medical waste.

zh-cn	医疗废物。
en-us	Medical Waste

zh-cn	医疗废物的处置应遵循《医疗废物管理条例》和《医疗 卫生机构医疗废物管理办法》的要求，
en-us	The disposal of medical waste should follow the requirements of the Medical Waste Management Regulations and the Medical Waste Management Measures of Medical Institutions.

zh-cn	规范使用双层黄色医 疗废物收集袋封装后按照常规处置流程进行处置。
en-us	Waste should be collected, packed, and sealed through standard use of double-layered yellow medical waste collection bags; standard medical waste disposal procedures are to be followed.

zh-cn	尸体处理
en-us	Corpse

zh-cn	患者死亡后，要尽量减少尸体移动和搬运，应由经培训 的 工 作 人 员 在 严 密 防 护 下 及 时 进 行 处 理 。
en-us	After death of a patient, one should minimize movement and handling of the corpse leaving it to be promptly handled by trained staff under strict protection procedures.

zh-cn	用 有 效 氯3000mg/L～5000mg/L 的含氯消毒剂或 0.5%过氧乙酸棉球或 纱布填塞病人口、鼻、耳、肛门、气管切开处等所有开放通 道或创口；
en-us	Cotton balls or gauze with 3,000–5,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant or 0.5% peracetic acid should be used to fill the patient’s mouth, nose, ears, anus, trachea opening, and other open channels or wounds.

zh-cn	用浸有消毒液的双层布单包裹尸体，装入双层尸 体袋中，由民政部门派专用车辆直接送至指定地点尽快火化。
en-us	The body should be wrapped with a double-layer cloth soaked with disinfectant, placed in a double-layer body bag, and sent directly by a special vehicle from the civil affairs department to the designated place for cremation as soon as possible.

zh-cn	注意事项。
en-us	Precautions

zh-cn	现场消毒工作应在当地疾病预防控制机构的指导下，由 有关单位及时进行消毒，或由当地疾病预防控制机构负责对其进行消毒处理。
en-us	On-site disinfection work should be conducted in a timely manner by relevant organizations under the guidance of the local disease prevention and control agency or directly by the local disease prevention and control agency responsible for disinfection.

zh-cn	医疗机构的随时消毒和终末消毒由医疗机 构安排专人进行，疾病预防控制机构做好技术指导。
en-us	Medical institution periodic disinfection and terminal disinfection should be arranged by the medical institutions with technical guidance from the disease control agency.

zh-cn	非专业 人员开展消毒工作前应接受当地疾病预防控制机构专业培 训，采取正确的消毒方法并做好个人防护。
en-us	Non-professionals should receive professional training from local disease prevention and control agencies before starting disinfection so that they can adopt correct disinfection methods and have thorough personal protection.

zh-cn	消毒效果评价
en-us	Evaluation of Disinfection

zh-cn	必要时应及时对物体表面、空气和手等消毒效果进行评 价，由具备检验检测资质的实验室相关人员进行。
en-us	When necessary, the effectiveness of disinfecting Object surfaces, air, and hands should be evaluated in a timely manner by relevant laboratory personnel eligible to conduct such testing.

zh-cn	物体表面。
en-us	Object Surfaces

zh-cn	按GB15982-2012《医院消毒卫生标准》附录A进行消毒前后物体表面的采样，消毒后采样液为相应中和剂。
en-us	Surfaces of objects before and after disinfection should be sampled according to Hygienic Standard for Disinfection in Hospitals (GB 15982–2012), with the sampling solution after disinfection being the corresponding neutralizer.

zh-cn	消毒效果评价一般以自然菌为指标，
en-us	Evaluation of disinfection is generally based on absence of natural bacteria.

zh-cn	必要时，也可根据实际情况，用指示菌评价消毒效果，
en-us	If necessary, indicator bacteria can also be used to evaluate disinfection.

zh-cn	该指示菌抵抗力应等于 或大于现有病原体的抵抗力。
en-us	Resilience of the indicator bacteria should be equal to or greater than resilience of the existing pathogens.

zh-cn	以自然菌为指标时，消毒后消 毒对象上自然菌的杀灭率≥90%，可判为消毒合格；
en-us	When using natural bacteria as an indicator, the kill rate of bacteria on the object should be ≥90% after disinfection to be considered as qualified (passing).

zh-cn	以指示菌为指标时，消毒后指示菌杀灭率≥99.9%，可判为消毒合格。
en-us	When using indicator bacteria, the kill rate should be ≥99.9% after disinfection to be considered as qualified.

zh-cn	按GB15982-2012《医院消毒卫生标准》附录A进行消毒 前后空气采样，消毒后采样平板中含相应中和剂。
en-us	Air, before and after disinfection, should be sampled according to Hygienic Standard for Disinfection in Hospitals (GB 5982–2012). Air sampling plates should contain the corresponding neutralizing agent after disinfection.

zh-cn	消毒后空 气中自然菌的消亡率≥90%，可判为消毒合格。
en-us	The kill rate of natural bacteria in the air after disinfection should be ≥90% to be considered as qualified (passing).

zh-cn	按GB15982-2012《医院消毒卫生标准》附录A进行消毒 前后手的采样，消毒后采样液为相应中和剂。
en-us	Pre- and post-disinfected hands should be sampled according to the Appendix A under Hygienic Standard for Disinfection in Hospitals (GB 15982–2012) with the sampling solution for post disinfected hands being the corresponding neutralizer.

zh-cn	消毒前后手上 自然菌的杀灭率≥90%，可判为消毒合格。
en-us	The kill rate of natural bacteria on the hand after the disinfection should be ≥90% to be considered as qualified (passing).

zh-cn	医院污水消毒效果。
en-us	Disinfection of Hospital Sewage

zh-cn	按GB18466《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》相关规定进 行评价。
en-us	Evaluation should be conducted according to the relevant provisions in Water Pollutant Discharge Standards for Medical Institutions (GB 18466–2005).