zh-cn	今天，我们就来探讨一下，新型冠状病毒肺炎究竟是自愈的还是治愈的。 
en-us	Today, let’s discuss whether patients with COVID-19 will be cured or heal by themselves. 

zh-cn	要想分得清「治愈」和「自愈」，还要从病毒的致病机理开始讲起。 
en-us	To distinguish between "being cured" and "self-healing", we must start with the pathogenesis of COVID-19. 

zh-cn	其实，新型冠状病毒肺炎的发病机理尚不明确。 
en-us	In fact, the pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. 

zh-cn	学了医你就知道，世界上大部分疾病人类都没闹明白。
en-us	After studying medicine, you will know that most diseases have not been understood by human beings. 

zh-cn	这次也不例外。
en-us	COVID-19 is no exception. 

zh-cn	大概过程是，新型冠状病毒通过飞沫或者接触传播进入到人体内，
en-us	First, the virus spreads into the human body through droplets or contact, 

zh-cn	识别肺泡上皮细胞的 ACE2 蛋白，结合蛋白后进入细胞开始复制，进一步引起肺部的炎症。
en-us	recognizes ACE2 protein in alveolar epithelial cells, binds to the protein and then enters the cells for replication, and finally causes lung inflammation. 

zh-cn	与此同时，人体的免疫系统识别了外来的病毒，也开始工作起来。
en-us	At the same time, the body's immune system recognizes foreign viruses and begins to fight against them. 

zh-cn	巨噬细胞吞噬病毒感染的细胞、淋巴细胞产生抗体，从而阻止病毒复制并清除病毒。 
en-us	Macrophages phagocytize virus-infected cells and lymphocytes produce antibodies, thus preventing the viruses from replication and finally eliminating them. 

zh-cn	其实，病毒和免疫系统才是这场战役的主角。 
en-us	In fact, the virus and the immune system are the main players in this battle. 

zh-cn	每个人的体质不一样，对病毒的反应也有所不同。 
en-us	People differ from one another in their constitution and reaction to the virus. 

zh-cn	有的人年纪轻，免疫力比较强，身体素质也比较好，
en-us	Some young people have strong immunity and good physical quality, 

zh-cn	很快就能把病毒消灭，因此只表现为轻度的症状，
en-us	so their immune system can eliminate viruses quickly and they only show mild symptoms 

zh-cn	比如发热、乏力、干咳，甚至只有轻微的感冒症状。 
en-us	such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, and mild cold symptoms. 

zh-cn	对于这类患者，不需要给予过多的医疗措施，
en-us	Such patients can be cured without receiving too much medical treatment. 

zh-cn	甚至不需要去医院，可能自己就能够痊愈，这种，我们称之为自愈。 
en-us	Some of them can heal by themselves and do not need to go to the hospital. This is what we call “self-healing”. 

zh-cn	有的人年龄比较大，或者免疫力比较差，又或者合并有高血压、心脏病、肾功能不全等等基础疾病。
en-us	Some elderlies have poor immunity or suffer hypertension, heart disease, renal insufficiency, and other basic diseases, 

zh-cn	这时候，免疫系统和病毒的战斗非常胶着，免疫系统攻击病毒的过程也会伤害人体本身。 
en-us	so their immune system cannot fight against the virus effectively and may even hurt their body in the process. 

zh-cn	免疫系统太弱了无法控制病毒的复制，病情会越来越重。
en-us	If the immune system is too weak, it cannot curb the replication of the virus and the disease will get worse and worse. 

zh-cn	又或者，抵抗的时间太长了，伤害自身机体，
en-us	Or, if the resistance against the virus lasts too long, the immune system will hurt the human body 

zh-cn	还没胜利自己先撑不住了。 
en-us	and people will fall severely sick before the immune system wins the victory in the fight against the virus. 

zh-cn	这种病人症状就比较严重，可以表现为高热，
en-us	Such patients show serious symptoms such as high fever, 

zh-cn	通常有呼吸困难甚至急性呼吸窘迫综合征，还可以伴有各个系统的衰竭。
en-us	expiratory dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or even failure of body systems. 

zh-cn	也可能为低热或不发热。
en-us	But some others may show symptoms like low fever or no fever at all. 

zh-cn	对于中度或重症的病人，就需要医疗干预，给与积极的支持，让免疫系统有足够的时间、足够的能力打败病毒。
en-us	Patients with moderate or severe illness need medical intervention and active support so that the immune system will have enough time and ability to defeat the virus. 

zh-cn	这种医疗干预下痊愈的病人，我们称之为治愈。 
en-us	We call this “being cured”. 

zh-cn	那么，医生护士们又是如何治愈一个新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的呢？ 
en-us	So, how do doctors and nurses cure a COVID-19 patient? 

zh-cn	如果把人体本身和病毒的之间的对抗比喻成一场战争，
en-us	If we compare the fight against the virus to the fight against enemies, 

zh-cn	那么这些医疗措施就是对人体的各种战略支援。 
en-us	these medical measures are like the strategic support to the human body. 

zh-cn	1.支持治疗。
en-us	1.Support treatment. 

zh-cn	生病是一件非常非常消耗能量的事情，而人生病了往往食欲不好，能量供给更加不足。
en-us	Illness is very energy-consuming. When people are ill, they often have a poor appetite and insufficient energy supply. 

zh-cn	因此，让病人卧床休息、加强营养非常重要。
en-us	Therefore, it is very important to let patients rest in bed and receive more nutrition. 

zh-cn	能吃的病人多吃点高营养的食物，
en-us	Patients with a good appetite should eat more nutritious food, 

zh-cn	吃不下的病人就给肠内营养支持。
en-us	and patients with a poor appetite should be given enteral nutrition support. 

zh-cn	内环境的稳定也非常重要，
en-us	Besides, the stability of the internal environment is also very important. 

zh-cn	水、电解质不能缺乏，也不能失衡，这就需要及时输液、保持酸碱电解质的平衡。 
en-us	Water and electrolyte are necessary and should be balanced, which requires timely infusion to maintain acid-base electrolyte balance. 

zh-cn	2.氧疗。
en-us	2.Oxygen therapy. 

zh-cn	对于轻症和普通患者，由于肺部存在炎症，可能伴有胸闷或轻度的呼吸困难，
en-us	Patients with mild disease and common patients, due to lung inflammation, may suffer chest tightness or mild dyspnea, 

zh-cn	这时候可以给予「氧疗」，俗称吸氧。
en-us	as a result, they need oxygen therapy, commonly known as oxygen inhalation. 

zh-cn	通过直接给予比较高浓度的氧气，提高血氧饱和度，缓解机体缺氧。 
en-us	By inhaling oxygen with relatively high concentration, patients’ oxygen saturation can be increased and oxygen deficiency can be relieved. 

zh-cn	3.呼吸支持。
en-us	3.Respiratory support. 

zh-cn	对于重症患者，肺部损伤十分严重，
en-us	Patients with severe symptoms suffer serious lung injury. 

zh-cn	即使给予氧疗也无法缓解呼吸困难，
en-us	Oxygen therapy alone cannot relieve their dyspnea. 

zh-cn	这时候就需要进一步给予呼吸支持。首先，我们可以上呼吸机。 
en-us	So respiratory support is needed at this time such as using a ventilator. 

zh-cn	4.抗病毒治疗。
en-us	4.Antiviral therapy. 

zh-cn	所谓的「新型冠状病毒肺炎没有特效药」就是指目前为止还没有特别有效的抗病毒药物，
en-us	So far there have been no specific drugs for COVID-19. 

zh-cn	人们只能用已有的抗流感、抗艾滋等药物，
en-us	The drugs available right now include anti-influenza and anti-AIDS drugs, 

zh-cn	比如奥司他韦、阿比多尔、洛匹那韦 / 利托那韦，效果有限。
en-us	such as Oseltamivir, Abidor, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, all of which have limited effect. 

zh-cn	最近，人们发现瑞德西韦初步表现出了较好的疗效，
en-us	Recently, it has been found that Remdesivir has a good curative effect. 

zh-cn	如果抗病毒药物效果较好，免疫系统就有了好帮手，那能大大提高治疗效果。 
en-us	If anti-viral drugs have a good effect and the immune system works well, the therapeutic effect can be greatly improved. 

zh-cn	5.抗菌治疗。
en-us	5.Antibiotic therapy. 

zh-cn	在病毒性肺炎发生的时候，致病菌也会趁虚而入，一起感染肺部，称为肺部继发感染，
en-us	When viral pneumonia occurs, pathogenic bacteria will enter the human body and infect the lungs, known as co-infection. 

zh-cn	这时候就要给予一些抗生素治疗。 
en-us	At this time, antibiotic therapy is required. 

zh-cn	6.其他治疗。
en-us	6.Other treatments. 

zh-cn	在免疫系统过度应答的时候，还会误伤肺部组织，加重肺部损伤，
en-us	When the immune system overreacts, it will injure lung tissue and aggravate lung injury. 

zh-cn	理论上此时适当给药抑制免疫系统，或许能减轻肺部损伤和炎症风暴。
en-us	Theoretically, the proper administration of drugs to suppress the immune system at this time may reduce lung injury and inflammatory storm. 

zh-cn	但目前还没有哪种免疫抑制剂用后对新冠有利大于弊的证据，
en-us	However, at present, there is no evidence that any immunosuppressive agent has more advantages than disadvantages in treating COVID-19, 

zh-cn	应用要慎之又慎。 
en-us	so the administration of such an agent should be cautious. 

zh-cn	对于一个新型冠状病毒肺炎患者而言，医生护士们能做的事有很多，
en-us	Besides these treatments, doctors and nurses can do much more for patients suffering from COVID-19. 

zh-cn	但都需要根据患者本身的情况进行处理。 
en-us	But all these should be done according to patients’ own situation. 

zh-cn	最后，无论自愈还是治愈，都希望感染的病人们早日痊愈。
en-us	Finally, we hope that all patients will be cured or heal themselves as soon as possible.