en-us	Considerations for quarantine of individuals in the context of containment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
zh-cn	在遏制冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的背景下对个人检疫隔离的考虑

en-us	Interim guidance
zh-cn	临时指导文件

en-us	On 30 January 2020, the WHO Director-General determined that the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
zh-cn	2020 年1 月30 日，世卫组织总干事确定冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。

en-us	As the outbreak continues to evolve, Member States are considering options to prevent introduction of the disease to new areas or to reduce human-to-human transmission in areas where the virus that causes COVID-19 is already circulating.
zh-cn	随着疫情的继续发展，会员国正在考虑各种备选方案，以防止该疾病传入新的地区，或在已经发生COVID-19 病毒传播的地区减少人际传播。

en-us	Public health measures to achieve these goals may include quarantine, which involves the restriction of movement, or separation from the rest of the population, of healthy persons who may have been exposed to the virus, with the objective of monitoring their symptoms and ensuring early detection of cases.
zh-cn	旨在实现这些目标的公共卫生措施可包括检疫隔离，即限制可能接触过病毒的健康人的流动或将其与其他人隔离开来，目的是监测症状和早期发现病例。

en-us	Many countries have the legal authority to impose quarantine.
zh-cn	许多国家都有实施检疫隔离的法定权力。

en-us	Quarantine should be implemented only as part of a comprehensive package of public health response and containment measures and, in accordance with Article 3 of the International Health Regulations (2005), be fully respectful of the dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons.
zh-cn	在这样做时，检疫隔离应作为一整套公共卫生应对和遏制措施的一部分来实施，并根据《国际卫生条例（2005）》第三条，充分尊重人的尊严、人权和基本自由。

en-us	The purpose of this document is to offer guidance to Member States on implementing quarantine measures for individuals in the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak.
zh-cn	本文件的目的是在COVID-19 的背景下就个人检疫隔离措施为会员国提供指导。

en-us	It is intended for those who are responsible for establishing local or national policy for the quarantine of individuals and for ensuring adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) measures.
zh-cn	文件适用于那些负责制定地方或国家的个人检疫隔离政策的人以及遵守感染预防和控制措施的人。

en-us	This document is informed by current knowledge of the COVID-19 outbreak and by considerations undertaken in response to other respiratory pathogens, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and influenza viruses.
zh-cn	本文件基于当前对COVID-19 疫情的了解，并参考了对其它呼吸道病原体的类似考虑，包括SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV  和流感病毒。

en-us	WHO will continue to update these recommendations as new information becomes available.
zh-cn	世卫组织将在获得新信息后继续更新这些建议。

en-us	The quarantine of persons is the restriction of activities of or the separation of persons who are not ill but who may been exposed to an infectious agent or disease, with the objective of monitoring their symptoms and ensuring the early detection of cases.
zh-cn	人员检疫隔离是指限制活动或隔离没有生病但可能接触过传染性病原体或疾病的人，目的是监测症状和早期发现病例。

en-us	Quarantine is different from isolation, which is the separation of ill or infected persons from others to prevent the spread of infection or contamination.
zh-cn	检疫隔离不同于隔离，隔离是将病人或被感染者与其他人分隔开，以防止感染或污染的蔓延。

en-us	Quarantine is included within the legal framework of the International Health Regulations (2005), specifically:
zh-cn	检疫隔离被纳入了《国际卫生条例（2005）》的法律框架，特别是：

en-us	Article 30 − Travellers under public health observation;
zh-cn	第三十条：接受公共卫生观察的旅行者

en-us	Article 31 − Health measures relating to entry of travellers;
zh-cn	第三十一条：与旅行者入境有关的卫生措施

en-us	Article 32 − Treatment of travellers.2
zh-cn	第三十二条：旅行者的待遇。

en-us	Member States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to legislate and to implement legislation, in pursuit of their health policies, even if this involves the restriction of movement of individuals.
zh-cn	根据《联合国宪章》和国际法原则，会员国拥有根据其卫生政策制定法律和执行法律的主权权利，即使这涉及到对个人流动的限制。

en-us	Before implementing quarantine, countries should properly communicate such measures to reduce panic and improve compliance.1
zh-cn	在实施检疫隔离之前，各国应适当传达和宣传这些措施，以减少恐慌并提高合规性3：

en-us	Authorities must provide people with clear, up-to-date, transparent and consistent guidelines, and with reliable information about quarantine measures.
zh-cn	主管部门必须提供清晰、透明和一致的最新指南，以及关于检疫隔离措施的可靠信息；

en-us	Constructive engagement with communities is essential if quarantine measures are to be accepted.
zh-cn	要想检疫隔离措施被人接受，与社区的建设性接触至关重要；

en-us	Persons who are quarantined need to be provided with health care; financial, social and psychosocial support; and basic needs, including food, water, and other essentials.
zh-cn	有必要向接受检疫的人提供卫生保健、经济、社会和心理支持，满足其基本需求，包括食物、水和其他必需品。

en-us	The needs of vulnerable populations should be prioritized.
zh-cn	应优先考虑弱势群体的需求；

en-us	Cultural, geographic and economic factors affect the effectiveness of quarantine.
zh-cn	文化、地理和经济因素影响检疫隔离的有效性。

en-us	Rapid assessment of the local context should evaluate both the drivers of success and the potential barriers to quarantine, and they should be used to inform plans for the most appropriate and culturally accepted measures.
zh-cn	对当地情况的快速评估应评价成功的驱动因素和检疫隔离的潜在障碍，并为设计最适当的和文化上可接受的措施提供信息。

en-us	When to use quarantine
zh-cn	何时采取检疫隔离措施

en-us	Introducing quarantine measures early in an outbreak may delay the introduction of the disease to a country or area or may delay the peak of an epidemic in an area where local transmission is ongoing, or both.
zh-cn	在疫情暴发的早期采取检疫隔离措施可能会延迟疾病在某个国家或地区的传播，并且/或者可能会延迟正在发生本地传播的地区中疫情高峰的到来。

en-us	However, if not implemented properly, quarantine may also create additional sources of contamination and dissemination of the disease.
zh-cn	然而，如果实施不当，检疫隔离也可能造成额外的污染源和疾病传播。

en-us	In the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak, the global containment strategy includes the rapid identification of laboratory-confirmed cases and their isolation and management either in a medical facility or at home.
zh-cn	在当前COVID-19 疫情的背景下，全球遏制战略包括快速识别由实验室确认的病例，并在医疗机构4或家中5隔离和管理这些病例。

en-us	WHO recommends that contacts of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 be quarantined for 14 days from the last time they were exposed to the patient.
zh-cn	就实验室确认的病例的接触者而言，世卫组织建议将这些人从最后一次接触COVID-19 患者起隔离14天。

en-us	For the purpose of implementing quarantine, a contact is a person who is involved in any of the following from 2 days before and up to 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the patient:
zh-cn	为了实施检疫隔离，对接触者的界定是：

en-us	Providing direct care for patients with COVID-19 disease without using proper personal protective equipment;
zh-cn	在没有适当个人防护装备的情况下， 为COVID-19  患者提供直接护理的人；

en-us	Staying in the same close environment as a COVID-19 patient (including sharing a workplace, classroom or household or being at the same gathering) for any amount of time;
zh-cn	与 COVID-19 患者待在同一封闭环境中（包括工作场所、教室、家庭、聚会）的人；

en-us	Travelling in close proximity with (that is, within 1 m separation from) a COVID-19 patient in any kind of conveyance;
zh-cn	在所考虑的COVID-19 患者出现症状后的 14天内，与其同乘任何一种交通工具近距离（1 米以内）地一起旅行的人。

en-us	Recommendations for implementing quarantine
zh-cn	对实施检疫隔离措施的建议

en-us	If a decision to implement quarantine is taken, the authorities should ensure that:
zh-cn	如果决定实施检疫隔离措施，当局应确保：

en-us	the quarantine setting is appropriate and that adequate food, water, and hygiene provisions can be made for the quarantine period;
zh-cn	适当的检疫隔离环境和检疫隔离期的充分准备；

en-us	minimum IPC measures can be implemented;
zh-cn	最低限度的感染预防和控制措施；

en-us	minimum requirements for monitoring the health of quarantined persons can be met during the quarantine period.
zh-cn	检疫隔离期间被隔离者健康监测方面的最低要求。

en-us	Ensuring an appropriate setting and adequate provisions.
zh-cn	适当的检疫隔离环境和检疫隔离期的充分准备

en-us	The implementation of quarantine implies the use or creation of appropriate facilities in which a person or persons are physically separated from the community while being cared for.
zh-cn	检疫隔离意味着使用或创建适当的设施，一人或多人在该设施中与社区实际隔离开来并受到照顾。

en-us	Appropriate quarantine arrangements include the following measures.
zh-cn	适当的检疫隔离安排包括以下内容：

en-us	Those who are in quarantine must be placed in adequately ventilated, spacious single rooms with en suite facilities (that is, hand hygiene and toilet facilities).
zh-cn	被隔离者应被安置在通风良好、宽敞的单间里，房间配有浴室套间（手卫生设施和卫生间设施）。

en-us	If single rooms are not available, beds should be placed at least 1 metre apart.
zh-cn	如果没有单人房，床与床之间应该间隔至少 1 米；

en-us	Suitable environmental infection controls must be used, such as ensuring are adequate air ventilation, air filtration systems, and waste-management protocols.
zh-cn	适当的环境感染控制，如适当的通风、过滤系统和废物管理方案；

en-us	Social distance must be maintained (that is, distance of at least 1 metre) between all persons who are quarantined.
zh-cn	保持被隔离者的社交距离（超过 1 米）；

en-us	Accommodation must provide an appropriate level of comfort, including:
zh-cn	适度舒适的食宿，包括：

en-us	provision of food, water, and hygiene facilities;
zh-cn	食物、水和卫生用品；

en-us	protection for baggage and other possessions;
zh-cn	保管行李和其他物品；

en-us	appropriate medical treatment for existing conditions;
zh-cn	对现有病症的适当医治；

en-us	communication in a language that those who are quarantined can understand, with an explanation of their rights, services that will be made available, how long they will need to stay and what will happen if they get sick;
zh-cn	用被隔离者能够理解的语言与他们沟通，解释：他们的权利；将向他们供应什么；他们需要待多久；如果他们生病了会发生什么；

en-us	additionally, contact information for their local embassy or consular support should be provided.
zh-cn	寻求当地大使馆或领事馆支持所需的联系信息；

en-us	Medical assistance must be provided for quarantined travellers who are isolated or subject to medical examinations or other procedures for public health purposes.
zh-cn	为被隔离或接受医学检查或其它公共卫生程序的接受检疫的旅行者提供援助；

en-us	Those who are in quarantine must be able to communicate with family members who are outside the quarantine facility.
zh-cn	协助被隔离者与隔离设施外的家庭成员沟通；

en-us	If possible, access to the internet, news, and entertainment should be provided.
zh-cn	可能的话，提供上网、看新闻和娱乐的机会；

en-us	Psychosocial support must be available.
zh-cn	心理社会支持；和

en-us	Older persons and those with comorbid conditions require special attention because of their increased risk for severe COVID-19.
zh-cn	对患重症 COVID-19 的风险加大的老年人和共病患者的特殊考虑。

en-us	Possible settings for quarantine include hotels, dormitories, other facilities catering to groups, or the contact’s home.
zh-cn	可能的检疫隔离环境包括酒店、宿舍、其它适合群体的设施或接触者的家。

en-us	Regardless of the setting, an assessment must ensure that the appropriate conditions for safe and effective quarantine are being met.
zh-cn	无论是什么环境，评估必须确保安全有效隔离的适当条件得到满足。

en-us	When home quarantine is chosen, the person should occupy a well-ventilated single room, or if a single room is not available, maintain a distance of at least 1 metre from other household members, minimize the use of shared spaces and cutlery, and ensure that shared spaces (such as the kitchen and bathroom) are well ventilated.
zh-cn	在选择家庭隔离时，被隔离者应住在通风良好的单间，如果没有可能住在单间，则应与其他家庭成员保持至少 1 米的距离，尽量减少共用空间和餐具的使用，并确保共用空间（厨房、浴室）通风良好。

en-us	Minimum infection prevention and control measures.
zh-cn	最低限度的感染预防和控制措施

en-us	The following IPC measures should be used to ensure a safe environment for quarantined persons.
zh-cn	应采用以下感染预防和控制措施来确保被隔离者的安全环境。

en-us	Early recognition and control
zh-cn	早期识别和控制

en-us	Any person in quarantine who develops febrile illness or respiratory symptoms at any point during the quarantine period should be treated and managed as a suspected case of COVID-19.
zh-cn	在隔离期间的任何时候，任何被隔离者如出现发热性疾病或呼吸道症状，应作为疑似 COVID-19病例进行治疗和管理；

en-us	Standard precautions apply to all persons who are quarantined and to quarantine personnel:
zh-cn	对所有被隔离者和检疫人员采取标准预防措施：

en-us	Perform hand hygiene frequently, particularly after contact with respiratory secretions, before eating, and after using the toilet.
zh-cn	经常采取手卫生措施，尤其是在接触呼吸道分泌物后、进食前和如厕后。

en-us	Hand hygiene includes either cleaning hands with soap and water or with an alcohol-based hand rub.
zh-cn	手卫生措施包括用肥皂和水洗手或用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液清洁手。

en-us	Alcohol-based hand rubs are preferred if hands are not visibly dirty;
zh-cn	手没有明显弄脏时，最好使用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液；

en-us	hands should be washed with soap and water when they are visibly dirty.
zh-cn	手明显弄脏时，用肥皂和水洗手；

en-us	Ensure that all persons in quarantine are practicing respiratory hygiene and are aware of the importance of covering their nose and mouth with a bent elbow or paper tissue when coughing or sneezing and then immediately disposing of the tissue in a wastebasket with a lid and then performing hand hygiene.
zh-cn	确保所有被隔离者都采取呼吸卫生措施，并意识到咳嗽或打喷嚏时用弯曲的手肘或纸巾捂住口鼻以及立即处理纸巾和采取手卫生措施的重要性；

en-us	Refrain from touching the eyes, nose and mouth.
zh-cn	不要触摸嘴和鼻子。

en-us	A medical mask is not required for persons with no symptoms.
zh-cn	没有症状的人不需要医用口罩。

en-us	There is no evidence that wearing a mask of any type protects people who are not sick.
zh-cn	没有证据表明戴任何类型的口罩可以保护没有生病的人。

en-us	Administrative controls
zh-cn	行政控制

en-us	Administrative controls and policies for IPC within quarantine facilities include but may not be limited to:
zh-cn	检疫隔离设施内感染预防和控制方面的行政控制和政策包括但不限于：

en-us	establishing sustainable IPC infrastructure (for example, by designing appropriate facilities) and activities;
zh-cn	建立可持续的感染预防和控制基础设施（设施设计）和活动；

en-us	educating persons who are quarantined and quarantine personnel about IPC measures.
zh-cn	对被隔离者和检疫人员进行感染预防和控制方面的教育；

en-us	All personnel working in the quarantine facility need to have training on standard precautions before the quarantine measures are implemented.
zh-cn	在实施检疫隔离措施之前，所有在检疫隔离设施中工作的人都需要接受有关标准预防措施的培训。

en-us	The same advice on standard precautions should be given to all quarantined persons on arrival.
zh-cn	所有被隔离者在到达时都应该得到关于标准预防措施的相同建议。

en-us	Both personnel and quarantined persons should understand the importance of promptly seeking medical care if they develop symptoms;
zh-cn	工作人员和被隔离者都应了解出现症状时立即就医的重要性；

en-us	developing policies to ensure the early recognition and referral of a suspected COVID-19 case.
zh-cn	制定疑似 COVID-19 病例的早期识别和转诊政策。

en-us	Environmental controls
zh-cn	环境控制

en-us	Environmental cleaning and disinfection procedures must be followed consistently and correctly.
zh-cn	必须始终正确地遵循环境清洁和消毒程序。

en-us	Cleaning personnel need to be educated about and protected from COVID-19 and ensure that environmental surfaces are regularly and thoroughly cleaned throughout the quarantine period.
zh-cn	清洁人员需要接受教育并得到保护以防感染 COVID-19，并确保在整个隔离期内定期彻底清洁环境表面：

en-us	Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces − such as bedside tables, bed frames and other bedroom furniture − daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach solution (that is, 1-part bleach to 99 parts water).
zh-cn	每天用含有稀释消毒液（1 份消毒液兑 99 份水）的普通家用消毒剂对经常接触的表面进行清洁和消毒，如床头柜、床架和其它卧室家具。

en-us	For surfaces that cannot be cleaned with bleach, 70% ethanol can be used.
zh-cn	对于不耐消毒液的表面，可以使用70%的乙醇；

en-us	Clean and disinfect bathroom and toilet surfaces at least once daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach solution (that is, 1-part bleach to 99 parts water).
zh-cn	每天至少用含有稀释消毒液（1 份消毒液兑99 份水）的普通家用消毒剂对浴室和厕所表面进行一次清洁和消毒；

en-us	Clean clothes, bed linens, and bath and hand towels using regular laundry soap and water or machine wash at 60-90 °C (140–194 °F) with common laundry detergent, and dry thoroughly.
zh-cn	清洗衣服、床上用品、浴巾和手巾等，可以使用普通洗衣皂和水，也可以在60–90℃的温度条件下用普通洗衣液进行机洗，并彻底烘干；

en-us	Countries should consider implementing measures to ensure that waste is disposed of in a sanitary landfill and not in an unmonitored open area.
zh-cn	各国应考虑采取措施，确保在卫生填埋场处置废物，而不是在不受监控的露天区域；

en-us	Cleaning personnel should wear disposable gloves when cleaning surfaces or handling clothing or linen soiled with body fluids, and they should perform hand hygiene before putting on and after removing their gloves.
zh-cn	清洁人员在清洁或处理被体液弄脏的表面、衣物或床上用品时应戴一次性手套，在脱手套之前和之后应采取手卫生措施。

en-us	Minimum requirements for monitoring the health of quarantined persons.
zh-cn	检疫隔离期间被隔离者健康监测方面的最低要求

en-us	Daily follow up of persons who are quarantined should be conducted within the facility for the duration of the quarantine period and should include screening for body temperature and symptoms.
zh-cn	检疫隔离期间，应在隔离设施内对被隔离者进行每日随访，包括每天测量体温和检查症状。

en-us	Groups of persons at higher risk of infection and severe disease may require additional surveillance owing to chronic conditions or they may require specific medical treatments.
zh-cn	感染和重症风险较高的人群可能需要慢性疾病或特殊医学治疗方面的额外监测。

en-us	Consideration should be given to the resources and personnel needed and rest periods for staff at quarantine facilities.
zh-cn	应考虑隔离设施的资源、工作人员和职工休息期。

en-us	This is particularly important in the context of an ongoing outbreak, during which limited public health resources may be better prioritized for health care facilities and case-detection activities.
zh-cn	这在当前疫情暴发的背景下尤为重要，在此期间，可以进一步将有限的公共卫生资源优先用于卫生保健设施和病例检测活动。

en-us	Respiratory samples from quarantined persons, irrespective of whether they have symptoms, should be sent for laboratory testing at the end of the quarantine period.
zh-cn	建议在隔离期结束时，对被隔离者的呼吸样本进行实验室检测，无论其是否有症状。