zh-cn	问：中国如何追踪密切接触者？ 
en-us	Tracing COVID-19 Close Contacts: How Did China Make It Happen? 

zh-cn	答：根据国家卫生健康委《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案（第六版）》的内容，密切接触者的定义为：从疑似病例和确诊病例症状出现前2天开始，或与无症状感染者标本采样前2天开始，未采取有效防护与其有近距离接触的人员。
en-us	The Chinese National Health Commission, in the Protocol on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (Edition 6), defines close contacts as “people who had unprotected close contact with a confirmed or suspected case within two days prior to illness onset or with an asymptomatic carrier within two days before sampling”. 

zh-cn	管理密切接触者，是防止传染病疫情扩散蔓延、降低感染率的重要措施。
en-us	Close contact tracing and management is an effective tool to control the spread of infectious diseases.

zh-cn	截至2020年3月23日24时，中国累计追踪到密切接触者691185人，尚在医学观察的密切接触者12077人。 
en-us	As of March 30, China has identified 706,017 close contacts, among whom 19,853 are still under medical observation. 

zh-cn	追踪密切接触者的工作主要是由流调人员开展流行病学调查完成的。
en-us	Close-contact tracing is conducted by designated health professionals through epidemiological investigation. 

zh-cn	按照属地化管理原则，由病例就诊医疗机构所在的县（区）级卫生健康行政部门组织疾控机构开展流行病学调查。
en-us	Based on the principle of localized management, the county/district health authorities should work with centers of disease control (CDCs) to initiate the epidemiological investigation on infected patients. 

zh-cn	以上海市为例，市区两级疾控中心共统筹人员550余名，组成3个梯队，分为流调、疾控、密切接触者关注3个小组，对病例情况进行调查。
en-us	For example, in Shanghai, about 550 medical staff were mobilized from Shanghai municipal and district CDCs and were divided into three taskforces, including epidemiological investigation group, disease control group and close contact monitoring group. 

zh-cn	此外，多地援鄂医疗队均配有流调专业技术人员，支援湖北开展流行病学调查工作。 
en-us	Moreover, surge medical teams from across the country to Hubei also included staff specialized in epidemiological investigation to assist Hubei to trace close contacts. 

zh-cn	通过一线流调员大量、细致的流行病学调查，借助大数据平台，在基层社区组织、基层医疗卫生组织、疾病预防控制机构和公安等相关部门的密切配合下，最终确定密切接触者。
en-us	Close contacts are located based on massive and careful epidemiological investigations and with the cooperation of community organizations, grass-roots health authorities, CDCs and public security departments. During the process, big-data platforms play a vital role.

zh-cn	接到疑似病例上报，流调员先进行现场流行病学调查。
en-us	Upon receiving a reported case, an investigator will first conduct an on-site epidemiological investigation. 

zh-cn	流调员向接诊医生了解病人情况，通过对病人的调查询问了解其个人情况、发病就诊情况、发病前后活动轨迹及可疑病例接触情况，判定密切接触人群，最终形成分析报告。
en-us	By interviewing doctors and patients, the investigator will collect information of patients’ health details, contacts and travel history and compile an analysis report to identify close contacts. 

zh-cn	必要时，根据病例的活动轨迹，由医院配合疾控中心调取院内录像排查，公安部门则对其他公共场所的排查工作提供协助。
en-us	CDC and police officers could also study CCTV footage to further pinpoint patients’ contacts when necessary. 

zh-cn	此外，相关部门还通过发布确诊、疑似病例旅行信息的方式，向公众提示感染风险，收集密切接触者信息。 
en-us	In addition, through publicizing travel history of confirmed and suspected cases and informing the public of infection risks, relevant government authorities could collect information of close contacts as well. 

zh-cn	密切接触者一旦确定，将实行集中隔离医学观察，不具备条件的地区可采取居家隔离医院观察。
en-us	Close contacts, once identified, are put under collective or home quarantine for medical observation. 

zh-cn	医学观察期为与病例或无症状感染者末次接触后14天。
en-us	The observation period is 14 days after the last unprotected contact with a case or an asymptomatic carrier. 

zh-cn	医学观察期满时，如密切接触者无异常情况，即可解除医学观察。
en-us	If close contacts show no symptom within this period, they could be exempted from medical observation. 

zh-cn	如疑似病例排除，其密切接触者也可解除医学观察。
en-us	Medical observation can also be removed anytime for close contacts of suspected cases who are not confirmed.