en-us	Advice on the use of masks in the community, during home care, and in health care settings in the context of COVID-19
zh-cn	关于新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）暴发期间在社区、家庭护理和卫生保健场所使用口罩的建议

en-us	This document provides rapid advice on the use of medical masks in communities, at home, and in health care facilities in areas that have reported outbreaks of COVID-19.
zh-cn	本文件为报告发生2019  新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）疫情区域的社区、家庭和医疗机构使用医用口罩提供快速建议。

en-us	It is intended  for  public  health  and  infection  prevention  and control (IPC) professionals, health care managers, health care workers, and community health workers.
zh-cn	它面向公共卫生和感染预防控制专业人员、卫生保健管理人员、卫生保健工作者和社区卫生工作者。

en-us	It will be revised as more data become available.
zh-cn	若获得更多的数据，将对建议进行修订。

en-us	Current information suggests that the route of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 is either via respiratory droplets or contact.
zh-cn	根据现有信息，2019新型冠状病毒的人际传播途径为呼吸道飞沫或接触传播。

en-us	Any person who is within 1 metre (in close contact) of someone who has respiratory symptoms (e.g. sneezing, coughing, etc.) is at risk of being exposed to potentially infective respiratory roplets.
zh-cn	任何人若与有呼吸道症状者（例如打喷嚏、咳嗽等）有密切接触（1米以内），会有接触可能引起感染的呼吸道飞沫的危险。

en-us	Medical masks are surgical or procedure masks that are flat or pleated (some are shaped like cups); they are affixed to the head with straps.
zh-cn	医用口罩是平整或有褶皱的外科或手术口罩（有的形状像杯子），用带子固定在头上。

en-us	Wearing a medical mask is one of the prevention measures that can limit the spread of certain respiratory diseases, including COVID-19.
zh-cn	在受影响地区，佩戴医用口罩是限制某些呼吸道疾病（包括2019新型冠状病毒）传播的预防措施之一。

en-us	However, the use of a mask  alone is insufficient to provide an adequate level of protection,  and other measures  should also be adopted.
zh-cn	然而，仅仅使用口罩不足以提供足够的保护，应采取同样相关的其它措施。

en-us	If masks are used, they  must   be  combined   with   hand   hygiene   and   other IPC measures  to  prevent  human-to-human  transmission  of COVID-19.
zh-cn	如果要使用口罩，这项措施必须与手部清洁及其它感染预防和控制措施相结合，以防止2019新型冠状病毒的人际传播。

en-us	WHO has developed  guidance  for home  care1 and health care settings2  on IPC strategies for use when COVID-19 is suspected.
zh-cn	世卫组织已为家庭护理b和医疗机构c在出现疑似感染新型冠状病毒时使用的感染预防和控制策略制定了指导文件。

en-us	Wearing medical masks when not indicated may result in unnecessary costs and procurement burdens and create a false sense of security that can lead to the neglect of other essential measures,  such as hand hygiene practices.
zh-cn	如果在不必要时戴医用口罩，可能会导致不必要的费用和采购负担并产生错误的安全感，从而导致忽视其它必要措施，例如手部清洁习惯。

en-us	Further,  using a mask incorrectly may hamper its effectiveness in reducing the
zh-cn	此外，不正确使用口罩会使其减少传播风险的效果大打折扣。

en-us	Community settings
zh-cn	社区内

en-us	Individuals without respiratory symptoms should:
zh-cn	没有呼吸道症状的个人应该：

en-us	avoid groups of people and enclosed, crowded spaces;
zh-cn	避免人群聚集和频繁进入封闭拥挤空间；

en-us	maintain  distance  of at least 1 meter from any person with respiratory symptoms (e.g. coughing, sneezing);
zh-cn	与有2019新型冠状病毒呼吸道症状（如咳嗽、打喷嚏）的人保持至少1米的距离；

en-us	perform hand hygiene frequently, using an alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly dirty or soap and water when hands are visibly dirty;
zh-cn	经常清洁双手：如双手没有明显污垢，可使用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液；如双手有明显污垢，应使用肥皂和清水；

en-us	cover their nose and mouth with a bent elbow or paper tissue if coughing or sneezing,
zh-cn	咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用弯曲的手肘或纸巾捂住口鼻，

en-us	dispose of the tissue immediately after use, and perform hand hygiene;
zh-cn	使用后应立即丢弃纸巾，并洗手；

en-us	refrain from touching their mouth and nose.
zh-cn	不要触摸嘴巴和鼻子；

en-us	A medical mask is not required for people who are not sick as there is no evidence of its usefulness in protecting them.
zh-cn	不需要医用口罩，因为没有证据表明能保护未患病的人群。

en-us	However, masks might be worn in some countries, in accordance with local cultural habits.
zh-cn	但在一些国家可能会根据当地文化习惯戴口罩。

en-us	If masks are used, best practices should be followed about how to wear, remove, and dispose of them, and for hand hygiene after removal.
zh-cn	如果佩戴口罩，则应遵循佩戴、取下和处置方法以及取下口罩后手部清洁的最佳做法（请参阅下面关于适当口罩管理的建议）。

en-us	Individuals with respiratory symptoms should:
zh-cn	有呼吸道症状的个人应该：

en-us	wear a medical mask and seek medical care as soon as possible   if   they  have  fever,  cough,   and   difficulty breathing;
zh-cn	如果出现发烧、咳嗽和呼吸困难，应尽快戴上医用口罩并根据当地规定就医；

en-us	follow  the  advice  below  regarding  appropriate  mask management.
zh-cn	遵从下文中有关适当口罩管理的建议。

en-us	Home care
zh-cn	家庭护理

en-us	WHO recommends that all laboratory confirmed cases be isolated and cared for in a health care facility.
zh-cn	世卫组织建议使用隔离预防措施对2019新型冠状病毒感染疑似病例进行护理，并在医院中进行监测。

en-us	Alternatively, patients with mild disease and no risk factors can be managed at home. Home care may also be considered when inpatient care is unavailable or unsafe (e.g. capacity  is  limited,  and  resources  are  unable  to  meet  the demand for health care services).
zh-cn	但是，出于若干可能的原因，包括住院护理不可用或不安全（即能力和资源有限，无法满足对医疗服务的需求），或者在知情情况下拒绝住院时，可能需要考虑在家庭环境中提供医疗服务。

en-us	Specific IPC guidance for home care should be followed.
zh-cn	应遵循关于感染预防和控制的具体家庭护理指导。

en-us	Persons with  suspected COVID-19 and  mild  respiratory symptoms should:
zh-cn	疑似感染2019新型冠状病毒并有轻微呼吸道症状的个人应该：

en-us	Perform hand hygiene frequently, using an alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly dirty or soap and water when hands are visibly dirty;
zh-cn	经常清洁双手，如双手没有明显污垢，可使用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液；如双手有明显污垢，应使用肥皂和清水；

en-us	Keep a distance of at least 1 metre from other people;
zh-cn	尽量与健康人士保持距离（最少1米）；

en-us	Use a medical mask; the mask should be provided to the individual and worn for as long as possible, if it can be tolerated, and changed at least once daily.
zh-cn	为防止呼吸道分泌物扩散，应为患者提供医用口罩，并让他在可以忍受的情况下尽量佩戴。

en-us	Persons who cannot tolerate a medical mask should rigorously apply respiratory hygiene
zh-cn	不能忍受医用口罩的个人应严格遵守呼吸道卫生措施，

en-us	cover mouth and nose with a disposable paper tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose  of it immediately  after  use, and then perform hand hygiene.
zh-cn	在咳嗽或打喷嚏时用一次性纸巾掩住口鼻,纸巾使用后应及时处理,接触呼吸道分泌物后应立即洗手；

en-us	Improve   airflow   in   their   living   space   by  opening windows and doors as much as possible.
zh-cn	应尽量打开门窗，以促使居住空间的空气流通。

en-us	Caregivers or those sharing living space with persons with mild  respiratory symptoms and  suspected COVID-19 should:
zh-cn	疑似感染2019新型冠状病毒并有轻微呼吸道症状者的亲属或护理者应该：

en-us	Keep a distance  of at least 1 meter  from the affected person when possible;
zh-cn	尽量与患者保持距离（至少1米）；

en-us	Wear  a medical  mask when  in the  same  room  as the affected person;
zh-cn	与患者同处一室时，要佩戴医用口罩；

en-us	Dispose  of any material contaminated  with respiratory secretions (disposable tissues) immediately after use and then perform hand hygiene.
zh-cn	口罩用完后应立即处理。接触呼吸道分泌物后应立即洗手；

en-us	Health care facilities
zh-cn	医疗机构

en-us	Individuals with respiratory symptoms should:
zh-cn	有呼吸道症状的个人应该：

en-us	Wear a medical  mask while waiting in triage or other areas and during transportation within the facility;
zh-cn	在分诊或候诊区等待或在设施内移动期间佩戴医用口罩；

en-us	Wear a medical mask when staying in areas dedicated to suspected or confirmed cases;
zh-cn	在疑似或确诊病例专用区逗留时，佩戴医用口罩

en-us	Not wear a medical mask when isolated in single rooms, but  they  should  cover  their  mouth  and  nose  when coughing or sneezing with disposable paper tissues.
zh-cn	在单人间隔离时，无需戴医用口罩；但在咳嗽或打喷嚏时，要用一次性纸巾掩住口鼻。

en-us	Tissues must be disposed of appropriately, and hand hygiene should be performed immediately afterwards.
zh-cn	适当处理纸巾后，应立即清洁双手。

en-us	Health care workers should:
zh-cn	卫生保健工作者应该：

en-us	Wear  a  medical  mask  when  entering  a  room  where patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 are admitted;
zh-cn	进入收治疑似或确诊2019新型冠状病毒感染患者的病房时，以及在向疑似或确诊的病例提供护理的任何情况下，都要戴上医用口罩；

en-us	Use a particulate respirator at least as protective as a US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-certified N95, European Union standard FFP2, or equivalent, when performing aerosol-generating procedures, such as tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, tracheotomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manual ventilation before intubation, and bronchoscopy.
zh-cn	执行可产生气雾的程序时（例如气管插管、无创通气、气管切开、心肺复苏、插管前手动通气和支气管镜检查等），使用至少与美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）认证的N95、欧盟标准FFP2或同等防护级别的微颗粒物口罩。

en-us	Mask management
zh-cn	口罩管理

en-us	If medical masks are worn, appropriate use and disposal are essential to ensure they are effective and to avoid any increase in transmission.
zh-cn	如需要佩戴医用口罩，为确保其有效性，必须正确使用和丢弃口罩，并避免因不正确使用和丢弃口罩，而导致传播风险的增加。

en-us	The  following  information  on  the  correct  use  of  medical masks is derived from practices in health care settings
zh-cn	以下有关正确使用医用口罩的信息来自医疗机构的实践：

en-us	Place the mask carefully, ensuring it covers the mouth and  nose,  and  tie  it  securely  to  minimize  any  gaps between the face and the mask.
zh-cn	用口罩仔细遮盖嘴和鼻子并系牢，尽量减少面部与口罩之间的缝隙；

en-us	Avoid touching the mask while wearing it.
zh-cn	在使用时，避免触摸口罩；

en-us	Remove the mask using the appropriate technique: do not touch the front of the mask but untie it from behind.
zh-cn	使用适当的方法取下口罩（即不要触摸口罩正面，要从后面摘下带子）；

en-us	After removal or whenever a used mask is inadvertently touched, clean hands using an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water if hands are visibly dirty.
zh-cn	取下后或无意间触摸了使用过的口罩后：使用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液清洁双手；如果双手有明显污垢，应使用肥皂和清水；

en-us	Replace masks as soon as they become damp with a new clean, dry mask.
zh-cn	口罩一旦变湿/潮湿，应立即换上清洁和干燥的新口罩；

en-us	Do not re-use single-use masks.
zh-cn	不要重复使用一次性口罩；

en-us	Discard single-use masks after each use and dispose of them immediately upon removal.
zh-cn	一次性口罩在每次使用后应丢弃并在取下后立即处置。

en-us	Cloth  (e.g.  cotton  or  gauze)  masks  are  not  recommended under any circumstances.
zh-cn	在任何情况下均不建议使用布口罩（例如棉布口罩或纱布口罩）。