zh-cn	新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情下心理健康指导手册 
en-us	A Guidance Manual on Mental Health During the NCP Outbreak 

zh-cn	新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情形势严峻，党中央和国务院高度重视。 
en-us	Facing the severe situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in 2019, the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council attach great attention to this infection. 

zh-cn	中央成立应对疫情工作领导小组，对疫情防控特别是患者治疗工作进行研究、部署、动员。 
en-us	The Central Committee has set up a Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control to deal with, study, deploy and mobilize the prevention and control of the epidemic situation, especially the treatment of patients. 

zh-cn	习近平总书记做出重要指示，强调把人民群众生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，把疫情防控工作作为当前最重要的工作来抓。 
en-us	General Secretary Xi Jinping issued important instructions to emphasize putting the safety and health of the people first, and to take the prevention and control of the epidemic situation as the most important work at present. 

zh-cn	只要坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策，我们就一定能打赢疫情防控阻击战。 
en-us	As long as we are confident, unite together in times of trouble, adopt scientific prevention and control measures with accurate policy, we are sure to be able to win the battle against the epidemic. 

zh-cn	疫情就是命令，防控就是责任。 
en-us	The epidemic situation is a challenge to us and its prevention and control is our responsibility. 

zh-cn	各级党委和政府按照党中央决策，全面动员，全面部署。 
en-us	Party committees and governments at all levels should act in accordance with the Central Party Committee's decision to adopt comprehensive mobilization and all-round arrangements. 

zh-cn	全国各省市也启动了突发公共卫生事件一级响应机制，采取有力措施，疫情防控工作正有序展开。 
en-us	The first-level public health emergency response mechanism has also been launched in all provinces and municipalities throughout China, and effective and strong measures have been taken to prevent and control the epidemic situation in systematic order. 

zh-cn	面对当下各种各样关于疫情的信息，人们可能会有焦虑、担忧和耗竭等心理应激反应——这是正常人在紧急状态下的自然反应。 
en-us	Faced with all kinds of information about the current epidemic, people may have psychological stress responses such as anxiety, worry, and exhaustion which are natural for normal people in a state of emergency. 

zh-cn	危机不只影响身体，也必然会影响人们的情绪。 
en-us	Crisis affects not only human body, but also their mood. 

zh-cn	面对关乎人民群众生命安全和身心健康的大事，为了减轻疫情对大众心理的干扰和可能造成的心理影响，维护大众身心健康和心态平和，做到正确认识，理性面对。 
en-us	Steps must be taken in the face of great events concerning the safety of people's lives, their physical and mental health, and in order to lighten the psychological disturbance and possible psychological impact of the epidemic situation on the masses. Action is needed to maintain people's peace of mind, physical and mental health, and to achieve correct understanding and rational confrontation. 

zh-cn	陕西师范大学组织编写了《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情下心理健康指导手册》一书，为大家提供心理健康保健知识。 
en-us	To these ends, Shaanxi Normal University has organized a group of experts and scholars, and compiled this handbook entitled "A Guidance Manual on Mental Health During the NCP Outbreak" so as to provide people with appropriate mental health care knowledge. 

zh-cn	希望在这样的特殊时期能够为您的身心健康保驾护航。 
en-us	We sincerely hope this handbook, in such a special period, can protect and escort your physical and mental health to go through it. 

zh-cn	众志成城，共克时艰！ 
en-us	Together, we are fighting this hard time with our collective will to unite like a fortress! 

zh-cn	党中央已经发出了全国抗击疫情的动员令，“防疫战”已经打响。 
en-us	The war to contain the outbreak has been launched. 

zh-cn	我们相信有党的坚强领导，有全国人民的团结一心、必胜信念，有科学防治、全面保障，我们一定会取得“防疫战”的全面胜利！ 
en-us	We firmly believe that under the strong leadership of The Party Central Committee, with the people of the whole country united as one, with faith of victory in our hearts, and armed with scientific prevention and cure, along with comprehensive safeguards and measures, we are certain to achieve an overall victory against the epidemic! 

zh-cn	本书编委会 
en-us	Editorial Board 

zh-cn	疫情影响下常见的心理应激反应 
en-us	Common Psychological Stress Responses under the Impact of Epidemic 

zh-cn	什么是心理应激 
en-us	What Is Psychological Stress 

zh-cn	心理应激反应的三个阶段 
en-us	Three Stages of Psychological Stress Response 

zh-cn	常见的心理应激反应 
en-us	Common Psychological Stress Responses 

zh-cn	心理应激反应的自我判断 
en-us	Self-judgment of Psychological Stress Response 

zh-cn	新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情发生后的心理应激反应 
en-us	Psychological Stress Response after the Outbreak of NCP 

zh-cn	疫情应激状态下心理应对的方法 
en-us	Psychological Measures for Epidemic Stress 

zh-cn	情绪调节 
en-us	Emotional Regulation 

zh-cn	行动策略 
en-us	Action Strategies 

zh-cn	认知策略 
en-us	Cognitive Strategies 

zh-cn	身心放松法 
en-us	Physical and Mental Relaxation 

zh-cn	寻求专业帮助 
en-us	Seek Professional Help 

zh-cn	疫情状况下的心理危机干预 
en-us	Mental Crisis Intervention in Epidemic Situation 

zh-cn	确定目标人群和数量 
en-us	Target Population Defining and Confirming 

zh-cn	评估目标人群，制订分类干预计划 
en-us	Assessing Target Population and Developing Customized Intervention Strategy 

zh-cn	制订工作时间表 
en-us	Making Work Schedule 

zh-cn	针对不同人群的心理危机干预要点 
en-us	Essentials of Psychological Intervention for Different Groups 

zh-cn	疫情下不同人群心理调适的方法 
en-us	Methods of Psychological Adjustment for Populations under Epidemic Situation 

zh-cn	普通人的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the General Public 

zh-cn	被隔离者的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Quarantined Patients 

zh-cn	被隔离者家属的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Family Members of the Quarantined Patients 

zh-cn	确诊患者的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Confirmed Patients 

zh-cn	老年人的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Elderly 

zh-cn	一线医护人员的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Frontline Medical Staff 

zh-cn	疫情影响下常见的心理应激反应 
en-us	Common Psychological Stress Responses under the Impact of Epidemic 

zh-cn	什么是心理应激 
en-us	What Is Psychological Stress 

zh-cn	“应激”是英语“stress”的汉译名称，“stress”的最初含义是“困苦”或“逆境”。 
en-us	"Ying Ji" is the Chinese translation of the English word "stress", which originally means "hardship" or "adversity". 

zh-cn	后来，这个词被引入了物理学，在物理学中，指作用于某物体之上的足够使其弯曲或折断的拉力或力量时所产生的抗力。 
en-us	Later, the term was introduced into physics, which refers to the resistance resulting from a force or force acting on an object that is strong enough to bend or break it. 

zh-cn	随后，“应激”也逐渐被引入生理学、医学，然后被引入社会学和心理学领域。 
en-us	Subsequently, the word "stress" was gradually introduced into physiology, medicine, and then into the fields of sociology and psychology. 

zh-cn	在我国，“应激”一词首先是作为一个医学术语使用，之后被我国心理学者广泛接纳和应用。 
en-us	In China, the term "stress" is first used as a medical term, and then was widely accepted and applied by Chinese psychologists. 

zh-cn	不同学科从不同角度对心理应激展开了研究。 
en-us	The term has been studied by different disciplines from different angles. 

zh-cn	心理应激与身心疾病密切相关。 
en-us	Psychological stress is closely related to physical and mental illness. 

zh-cn	在西方社会普遍流行的疾病中，大部分的疾病与应激机制的激活有关。 
en-us	Most of the diseases that are prevalent in western society are associated with the activation of stress mechanisms. 

zh-cn	这个事实促使人们渴望了解应激的本质，并探索克服它的有效措施。 
en-us	This urges people to know the nature of stress and to explore effective measures to overcome it. 

zh-cn	有些学者认为，个体的应激反应不仅取决于应激的数量和强度，还取决于个体对它的认知和评价，强调的是在调节和产生应激反应时心理变数的重要性。 
en-us	Some scholars believe that an individual's stress response depends not only on the quantity and intensity of stress, but also on the individual's cognition and evaluation of it, which emphasizes the importance of psychological variables in regulating and producing stress responses. 

zh-cn	由于“应激”是一个相互作用的多变量的集合，目前心理应激还没有得到一个学术界公认的界定方式。 
en-us	Since "stress" is a multivariable set of interactions, so far there has not been a consensus definition of psychological stress recognized publicly in academia. 

zh-cn	一般情况下，我们认为心理应激不是简单的因果关系或“刺激—反应”过程，而是一个多因素相互作用的系统模式。 
en-us	In general, we believe that psychological stress is not a simple causal relationship or a "stimulus—response" process, but rather a systematic pattern of multiple factor interactions. 

zh-cn	这种系统模式包括应激源、应激中间变量、应激反应。 
en-us	This system pattern includes stressors, stress intermediate variables and stress responses. 

zh-cn	应激源可以是躯体性的、心理性的、社会性的、文化性的。 
en-us	Stressor can be physical, psychological, social and cultural. 

zh-cn	主要包括人们在日常生活中经历的各种生活事件、突然的创伤性体验、慢性紧张，如工作压力、家庭矛盾等。 
en-us	It mainly includes various routine events people experience in daily life, sudden traumatic experience, and chronic stress such as work stress and family conflicts. 

zh-cn	心理“应激反应”是一种由激素导致的情绪反应，是个体针对意识到的重大变化或威胁而产生的身心整体性调适反应。 
en-us	Psychological "stress response" is an emotional response caused by hormones, which is an individual's comprehensive physical and mental adjustment response to significant changes or threats. 

zh-cn	当个体处于一个压力性环境——比如经历重大社会创伤（SARS疫情、地震、新型肺炎疫情等），就会在大脑中牵引出一系列的心理和身体反应，比如：出现失眠、作息异常、记忆力下降、头晕胸闷等症状。 
en-us	When an individual is in a stressful environment such as experiencing major social trauma (SARS, earthquakes, outbreak of NCP, etc.); a series of psychological and physical reactions are triggered in the brain, such as insomnia, abnormal working hours, memory deterioration, dizziness, chest oppression and other symptoms. 

zh-cn	通俗地说，心理应激是指人由于遭遇到对自身至关重要而又难以应付的环境因素而产生的紧张和精神压力。 
en-us	Generally speaking, psychological stress refers to the mental stress caused by environmental factors which are vital but difficult to deal with. 

zh-cn	在新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情下，应激是有两重性的 
en-us	Stress Is Dual in the Outbreak of NCP 

zh-cn	如果有备而战，勇气和信心充足，胆大心细，既弘扬大无畏的献身精神和乐观主义精神，又讲究科学理性，我们就能减少无谓的损耗和牺牲。 
en-us	If we, as public health advocates, are ready to fight, have enough courage and confidence, are both bold and careful, and willing to carry forward the spirit of fearless dedication of optimism along with scientific rationality, we are sure to reduce unnecessary loss and sacrifice. 

zh-cn	如果我们把处理危机当成升华精祌，磨砺意志，锻炼体魄，提高能力，增加体验，加速成长，承担责任，当成成就业绩的机遇，那么我们不仅会有超常的水平发挥，还会获得在舒适生活中不可能有的人生洗礼和感悟。 
en-us	If we regard the treating of the crisis as a kind of spirit of sublimation and the sharpening of one's will, and if we combine that with physical training, we enhance our ability, to succeed. By increasing our experience, accelerating the growth of our understanding, and if we assume greater responsibility by accepting every opportunity to achieve peak performance, then we will achieve not only supernormal performance, but we will also get the baptism and perception about life that cannot be possibly found in a comfortable daily routine. 

zh-cn	那样的话，衰竭会离我们远去，强健崇高的人格会巍然挺立。 
en-us	In this case, decline and exhaustion will be far away from us, and a strong, healthy, noble and lofty personality will be built erect and ready for even greater future challenges. 

zh-cn	心理应激反应的三个阶 
en-us	Three Stages of Psychological Stress Response 

zh-cn	心理应激反应有三个阶段，分别是警觉期、抵抗期、衰竭期。 
en-us	There are three stages of psychological stress response, namely, the alarm stage, the resistance stage and the SE ( the stage of exhaustion). 

zh-cn	警觉期 
en-us	The Alarm Stage  

zh-cn	面对警报、险情和命令，警觉期正常的反应是提高警惕、神情专注、动员潜能、蓄势待发。 
en-us	In the face of alarm, or dangerous omens and commands, the normal response of the alarm stage is to be vigilant, consciously focused, with our potential responses mobilized and prepared to engage when necessary. 

zh-cn	如果反应迟缓、动员不足、粗心大意、麻痹轻敌，进不了警觉期，就会被敌人轻易击跨，进而犯错误。 
en-us	If one's reaction is slow, insufficient in mobilization, careless and negligent, or if we drop one's guard and take light of the enemy, one cannot enter the alarm stage, and will be easily defeated, and hence make mistakes. 

zh-cn	如果对危险过分在意，过分紧张，也会影响完成任务。 
en-us	If one cares too much about the danger and becomes too nervous, this also can affect the completion of the task. 

zh-cn	过度焦虑的人，或震惊之下呆若木鸡，或慌张之下提前走火，是没法战斗的。 
en-us	If one is over-anxious, like a dumb wooden chicken in shock, and discharges early in panic, one is not adequately prepared to fight. 

zh-cn	抵抗期 
en-us	The Resistance Stage 

zh-cn	进入抵抗期的正常反应是高效、有目的地执行任务，处理险情和问题。 
en-us	The normal response of entering the resistance stage is to perform tasks efficiently and purposefully, and to deal with hazards and problems in a busy hut undisturbed way. 

zh-cn	忙而不乱，灵活选择和处理优先事项，注重效果，大量而又经济地消耗体力与资源。 
en-us	One would be flexible to choose and deal with priorities and focus on results.One would consume one's physical strength and resources economically. 

zh-cn	如果没有正常进入抵抗期，则会产生忙乱或乱忙。 
en-us	If one did not normally enter the resistance stage, one would become rashly busy or busily rash. 

zh-cn	判断草率或犹豫不决，情绪不稳，不能与别人简明扼要地沟通。 
en-us	One may become hasty or hesitant in judgement, emotionally unstable and find they cannot communicate with others concisely and clearly. 

zh-cn	不知自我保护。 
en-us	They are unclear on how to act for self-protection. 

zh-cn	衰竭期 
en-us	The Stage of Exhaustion 

zh-cn	理想的情况——得到充分休养，或顺利完成任务而凯旋，可能不会进入真正的衰竭期。 
en-us	Ideally, if one has full recuperation, or has successfully completed one's mission, one will not enter the stage of exhaustion. 

zh-cn	积极的动机与情感可以预防衰竭并加速恢复的过程。 
en-us	Positive motivation and emotion may prevent the stage of exhaustion and accelerate one's recovery. 

zh-cn	不利的情况——任务艰巨，胜利遥遥无期，甚至没有完成好任务，屡经挫折。 
en-us	In an unfavorable situation, however, the task is too arduous, and the victory is far away and not within the foreseeable future. One's tasks are often not completed and repeatedly suffer setbacks. 

zh-cn	负性的动机与情感，可能会使我们过早、过长时间地受到衰竭状态的折磨。 
en-us	Negative motivation and emotions make us suffer prematurely and unnecessarily for too long in the stage of exhaustion. 

zh-cn	一旦进入衰竭期，轻者会有虚弱、疲惫、淡漠、抑郁等身心不适。 
en-us	Once someone enters the stage of exhaustion, those with a mild disease may quickly become physically weak and fatigued. They can often appear indifferent, depressed and have other physical and mental discomfort. 

zh-cn	重者可能导致严重而持久的躯体和精神障碍。 
en-us	In the most severe cases, they may be affected by serious and lasting physical and mental disorders. 

zh-cn	常见的心理应激反应 
en-us	Common Psychological Stress Responses  

zh-cn	应激反应可以是生理反应、心理反应和行为反应。 
en-us	Stress responses can be physiological, psychological or behavioral. 

zh-cn	其结果可以是适应的或不适应的，包括焦虑、抑郁等情绪反应及生理、生化指标的变化。 
en-us	The results can be adaptive or nonadaptive, including emotional responses such as anxiety, depression, with changes in physiological and biochemical indicators. 

zh-cn	应激过程受多种因素的影响，尤其是认知评价的影响。 
en-us	The stress process is influenced by many factors, especially that of cognitive evaluation. 

zh-cn	成为刺激物与应激反应之间的中间变量。 
en-us	It may become the intermediate variable between irritant and stress response. 

zh-cn	此外，还包括应对方式、社会支持等的影响。 
en-us	In addition, it also includes the influence of coping style, social support and so on. 

zh-cn	经历新型冠状病毒感染疫情后，我们可能要面对许多问题。 
en-us	After experiencing the NCP, we may have to face many emotional problems as well. 

zh-cn	例如：感染者因出现发热、呼吸受阻等症状而恐惧、恐慌； 
en-us	The infected person may become overwhelmed by fear or panic because of the symptoms of fever,respiratory distress, etc. 

zh-cn	被隔离者通过转移集中安置到陌生的地方，因为限制了人与人的交往，不能与亲人在一起，而感到孤独与紧张不安； 
en-us	Those isolated patients might feel lonely, nervous and untranquil because of being transferred to a concentrated and unfamiliar location, being restricted to limited human interaction and discover they cannot stay together with their beloved ones. 

zh-cn	身处疫情较为严重城市的人们，因交通不便、限制活动场所而心烦、心急、紧张不安； 
en-us	People in the more severely affected cities may become vexed, impatient, nervous and untranquil because of the inconvenience of transportation and the restrictions on the places of their activities. 

zh-cn	广大民众从各种信息途径了解到这种传染病的危害。 
en-us	The general public got to know, from various information channels, about the harm of this infectious disease. 

zh-cn	这一切都可能使我们产生一定的心理应激反应。 
en-us	All this may cause us various psychological stress responses. 

zh-cn	同时，这些情况也会使我们出现心跳加快、胃部不适、腹泻、头痛、疲乏、入睡困难等身体反应。 
en-us	At the same time, these conditions can also lead to physical reactions like rapid heartbeat, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, sleep difficulties and other symptoms. 

zh-cn	因为我们每个人都处在社会生活中，与组织和他人相连，即便是目睹一起负面事件，一般都会出现类似的创伤反应，有些人甚至还会出现更为复杂的心理反应。 
en-us	Because all of us are involved with social life, and linked to various organizations and other people, even the normal witnessing of a negative event would usually cause similar traumatic reactions, and some people may even have more complex psychological reactions. 

zh-cn	这些都是正常的，我们需要正视这种反应。 
en-us	These are all normal, and we need to face up to these reactions. 

zh-cn	常见的应激反应表现在情绪、认知、行为躯体等多方面。 
en-us	The common stress responses are displayed in many aspects, such as mood, cognition and behavioral body. 

zh-cn	最为常见的有焦虑、疑病和惊恐发作。 
en-us	The most common ones are anxiety, hypochondria and panic attacks. 

zh-cn	焦虑 
en-us	Anxiety 

zh-cn	现在迅捷的信息传播，让我们能更快地了解疫情和肺炎症状。 
en-us	The present rapid spread of information allows us to know about the epidemic and the symptoms of pneumonia more quickly. 

zh-cn	与此同时，我们也更容易感到焦虑和恐慌，担心自己会感染。 
en-us	At the same time, we more easily become anxious and panicked, and worry that we might be infected. 

zh-cn	另外，焦虑往往也会让人呼吸急促、胸闷、肠胃不适。 
en-us	In addition, anxiety tends to cause shortness of breath, chest distress and gastrointestinal discomfort in many people. 

zh-cn	这些身体反应又和肺炎的某些症状相似，这会让人加倍焦虑。 
en-us	These physical reactions are similar to some symptoms of pneumonia, which in turn, doubles our anxiety. 

zh-cn	疑病 
en-us	Hypochondria 

zh-cn	在焦虑的过程中，有些人可能出现“疑病”症状，过分关注自己是否患病。 
en-us	In the process of anxiety, some people may have symptoms of "suspected illness", and are too worried about whether they are affected or not. 

zh-cn	例如，频繁地测体温。 
en-us	For example, they frequently measure their body temperature. 

zh-cn	稍有升高便怀疑自己感染了病毒。 
en-us	A slight rise in the temperature would make them suspect that they are infected with the virus. 

zh-cn	总想去医院检查。 
en-us	They always want to go to the hospital to check. 

zh-cn	因为疑病而前往医院检查，在当前是不理智的行为——不但会占用医疗资源，还容易让自己陷入交叉感染的风险中。 
en-us	Going to a hospital for a check-up for suspected illness is irrational at the moment ——it not only takes up medical resources but also runs ihe risk of being cross-infected. 

zh-cn	惊恐发作 
en-us	Panic Attacks 

zh-cn	在“疑病——焦虑——身体反应——更焦虑”的负向循环中，有些人可能会出现更激烈的应激反应，就是“惊恐发作”。 
en-us	In the negative cycle of "hypochondriac ——anxiety ——somatic reaction ——more anxiety", some people may experience a more intense stress response, that is the "panic attack". 

zh-cn	惊恐发作时，人们会感到身体完全不受控制，害怕自己得了严重的心肺疾病。 
en-us	When it strikes, a person's body is completely out of control and often one fears they suffer from serious cardiopulmonary disease as well. 

zh-cn	但实际上，惊恐发作不会引发心脏问题。 
en-us	But in fact, panic attacks don't cause heart problems. 

zh-cn	心理应激反应的自我判断 
en-us	Self-judgment of Psychological Stress Response 

zh-cn	以下几种表现可以帮助我们判断自己是不是陷入过度的“应激反应”。 
en-us	The following behavioral performances can help us determine whether one is caught in an excessive "stress response". 

zh-cn	行为层面 
en-us	Behavioral Dimension 

zh-cn	活动力增加或减少 
en-us	Increase or decrease in activities 

zh-cn	很难交流，无法听进疫情之外的话题 
en-us	Difficult to communicate and not listen to topics outside the epidemic 

zh-cn	情绪激动、易怒，经常和人争吵 
en-us	Emotional agitation, irritable and often quarrel with people 

zh-cn	没办法休息或放松，持续关注疫情相关信息 
en-us	Never rest or relax, keeping an eye on the epidemic information 

zh-cn	无法正常工作，每过一会儿就得看看疫情进展 
en-us	Unable to work properly, focusing on the progress of the epidemic every moment 

zh-cn	经常哭泣 
en-us	Always cry 

zh-cn	高度警惕，过度担忧，看到任何相关消息，都要转发给周围的人 
en-us	High vigilance, excessive concern, and forward any relevant information to the people around 

zh-cn	回避引起（创伤性）回忆的地点 
en-us	Avoid any place which triggers (traumatic) memories 

zh-cn	心思都在疫情上，做事的时候，容易发生事故 
en-us	Victims will be accident-prone while working due to their minds totally occupied by the epidemic 

zh-cn	身体层面 
en-us	Physical Dimension 

zh-cn	肠胃问题 
en-us	Have gastrointestinal problems 

zh-cn	头痛，其他酸痛 
en-us	Have a headache and other soreness 

zh-cn	视觉障碍 
en-us	Have visual impairment 

zh-cn	体重减轻或增加 
en-us	Lose or gain weight

zh-cn	出汗或发冷 
en-us	sweat or feel cold 

zh-cn	震颤或肌肉抽搐 
en-us	Tremble or have muscle convulsions 

zh-cn	容易被吓到 
en-us	Easily frightened 

zh-cn	慢性疲劳或睡眠障碍 
en-us	Chronic fatigue or dyssomnia 

zh-cn	免疫系统疾病 
en-us	Have immune diseases 

zh-cn	情绪层面 
en-us	Emotional Dimension 

zh-cn	感到英勇、欣快或无敌感 
en-us	Feel heroic, happy, or invincible 

zh-cn	否认现实 
en-us	Denial of reality 

zh-cn	焦虑或恐惧 
en-us	Anxiety or fear 

zh-cn	抑郁 
en-us	Depression 

zh-cn	愧疚 
en-us	Excessive guilt 

zh-cn	冷漠 
en-us	Apathy 

zh-cn	悲伤 
en-us	Sadness 

zh-cn	思维层面 
en-us	Thinking Dimension 

zh-cn	记忆问题 
en-us	Have memory problems 

zh-cn	失去方向感、时常困惑 
en-us	Disoriented and often feel confused 

zh-cn	思维过程缓慢 
en-us	Thinking process becomes slow 

zh-cn	注意力不集中 
en-us	Impaired concentration 

zh-cn	无法决定事件的优先级、无法做决定 
en-us	Unable to prioritize events or make decisions 

zh-cn	失去客观性 
en-us	Lost objectivity 

zh-cn	社交层面 
en-us	Social Dimension 

zh-cn	自我隔离 
en-us	Self—isolation 

zh-cn	责备自己，感觉自己渺小，什么忙也帮不上 
en-us	Blame oneself, feel small and good for nothing 

zh-cn	难以给予他人帮助，或难以接受帮助 
en-us	Difficult to offer or receive help 

zh-cn	无法享受乐趣，无法忍受任何娱乐活动 
en-us	Unable to have fun and can't enjoy any entertainment 

zh-cn	这些症状，都是我们面对创伤事件的正常反应，一般会随着时间推移逐渐缓解。 
en-us	These symptoms, which are normal response to traumatic events, tend to ease over time. 

zh-cn	轻度应激反应不影响我们的日常生活。 
en-us	Mild stress responses do not affect our daily lives. 

zh-cn	中度应激反应可持续数小时，并影响人的躯体、情感和认知功能。 
en-us	Moderate stress responses can last for several hours and affect human somatic, emotional, and cognitive functions. 

zh-cn	离开险情现场一周内症状会逐渐消失。 
en-us	The symptoms fade within a week after leaving the danger scene. 

zh-cn	中度应激反应的症状有：生家人的气、在家易激惹、情绪紧张及缺乏工作动力。 
en-us	The symptoms of the moderate stress responses include: feeling angry toward family members, becoming easily irritated at home, suffering emotional tension and lacking the motivation for work. 

zh-cn	重度应激反应会影响工作，这些反应会持续4-6周。 
en-us	Severe stress responses can affect work, which can last for 4——6 weeks. 

zh-cn	重度应激反应的症状有：长期睡眠困难、自我封闭、烟酒量增加及注意力障碍。 
en-us	Symptoms of severe stress response include: long-term sleep difficulties, self— closure, increased alcohol and tobacco consumption and attention deficit. 

zh-cn	如果上述症状中有几项持续并超过一个月，并影响到日常生活和人际关系，就有患创伤后应激障碍的可能。 
en-us	If several of the above symptoms have lasted and exceeded a month and affected daily life and social relationships, there is the risk of suffering from post—traumatic stress disorder. 

zh-cn	请及时寻求专业人士的帮助。 
en-us	It is therefore important to seek professional help in a timely manner. 

zh-cn	此外，经历疫情后个别人还会出现较为严重的心理应激反应。 
en-us	In addition, a certain number of individuals may suffer from rather serious psychological stress response after experiencing the outbreak. 

zh-cn	比如：凭空听见有人叫自己的名字 
en-us	such as: acousma ( hearing a ringing noise or one's name being called)  

zh-cn	与自己说话或者命令自己做事（如脱掉衣服、丟弃财物等） 
en-us	talking to oneself or ordering oneself to do things (such as undressing and discarding property)  

zh-cn	无端怀疑周围的人都是新型冠状病毒的感染者，要传染到自己，因此十分恐惧 
en-us	irrationally suspect that all the people around them are infected by NCP, so that they feel panic 

zh-cn	感觉周围事物变得不清晰、不真实，好像在梦中一样 
en-us	feel that things around them become unclear and unreal, as if they were in a dream 

zh-cn	走到危险的地方也没有察觉 
en-us	They have no sense that they have walked into a dangerous place.  

zh-cn	睡不着觉、吃不下饭 
en-us	They become sleepless and have no appetite for food. 

zh-cn	被感染的场景不断在脑海中闪现 
en-us	The scene of being infected is frequent in their mind 

zh-cn	听到与疫情相关的消息就沮丧不已或惊恐不安 
en-us	and any news about or concerned with the epidemic would make them depressed or panic 

zh-cn	可能出现的精神科问题 
en-us	Possible Psychiatric Problems 

zh-cn	（1）神经症样障碍 
en-us	(1)Neurotic Hinders 

zh-cn	焦虑（惊恐发作、广泛性焦虑） 
en-us	Anxiety (panic attack, generalized anxiety) 

zh-cn	躯体形式障碍（疑病、躯体化障碍等） 
en-us	Somatoform disorders (hypochondria, soma-chemical disorders, etc.) 

zh-cn	强迫 
en-us	Obsession 

zh-cn	分离与转换性障碍（癔症） 
en-us	Isolation and conversion disorders (hysteria) 

zh-cn	神经衰弱 
en-us	Neurasthenia 

zh-cn	心境恶劣障碍 
en-us	Dysthymia disorders 

zh-cn	（2）应激相关障碍 
en-us	(2)Stress—related Hinders 

zh-cn	急性应激反应（急性心因性反应） 
en-us	Acute stress response (acute psychogenic response) 

zh-cn	创伤后应激障碍——延迟或持久的反应 
en-us	Post—traumatic stress disorder — delayed or persistent response 

zh-cn	适应性障碍——短期、轻度的烦恼与情绪失调 
en-us	Adaptive disorders ——short-term, mild annoyances and emotion disorders 

zh-cn	（3）精神性障碍 
en-us	(3)Mental Hinders 

zh-cn	精神运动性兴奋 
en-us	Psychomotor excitement 

zh-cn	抑郁 
en-us	Depression 

zh-cn	谵妄 
en-us	Delirium 

zh-cn	偏执 
en-us	Paranoia 

zh-cn	幻觉妄想状态 
en-us	Hallucinations 

zh-cn	新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情发生后的心理应激反应 
en-us	Psychological Stress Response after the Outbreak of NCP 

zh-cn	确诊患者 
en-us	Confirmed Case 

zh-cn	隔离治疗初期的患者：麻木、否认、愤怒、恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、失望、抱怨、失眠或攻击等。 
en-us	Isolated patients in the early stages of treatment may exhibit the following: numbness, denial, anger, fear, anxiety, depression, disappointment, and insomnia.They may complain chronically and become aggressive, etc. 

zh-cn	隔离治疗期的患者：除上述可能出现的心理应激反应以外，还可能出现孤独，或因对疾病的恐惧而不配合、放弃治疗，或对治疗的过度乐观和期望值过高等。 
en-us	In addition to the above possible psychological stress responses, patients during the isolation treatment period may also become uncooperative or simply give up treatment because of fear or being lonely.Conversely, they may otherwise become overly optimistic and overly expectant on the positive impact of their treatments. 

zh-cn	发生呼吸窘迫、极度不安、表达困难的患者：恐慌、绝望。 
en-us	Those who have respiratory distress often become extremely upset and have difficulty expressing themselves,causing them panic and despair. 

zh-cn	居家隔离的轻症患者和到医院就诊的发热患者：恐慌、不安、无助、压抑、抑郁、悲观、愤怒、紧张，被他人疏远躲避的压力、委屈或对疾病的忽视等。 
en-us	The mild patients who are in a self—monitored quarantine at home as well as those fever patients who go to the hospital may become: panic, untranquil, helpless, constrained, depressed, pessimistic, angry and nervous. They have the pressure of being alienated from others, feel being wronged and neglect the disease. 

zh-cn	疑似患者 
en-us	Suspected Case 

zh-cn	侥幸心理、躲避治疗、怕被歧视，或焦躁、过度求治等。 
en-us	Some victims may be in denial and will avoid treatment. They may fear discrimination, become anxious about their treatment or demand excessive treatment, etc. Their responses are not logical or reasoned. 

zh-cn	医护及相关人员 
en-us	Medical Care and Related Personnel 

zh-cn	过度疲劳和紧张，甚至耗竭，焦虑不安、失眠、压抑，面对患者死亡会自责。 
en-us	Medical care personnel may become over—fatigued and nervous, even exhausted. They may suffer from anxiety, insomnia, depression, or in the face of their patients' death they will blame themselves. 

zh-cn	被感染的压力。 
en-us	They may have the stress of worry about becoming infected. 

zh-cn	担心家人、害怕家人担心自己。 
en-us	They worry for their family members or fear that they may worry about them. 

zh-cn	过度亢奋，拒绝合理的休息，不能很好地保证自己的健康等。 
en-us	They may engage in excessive hyperactivity, refuse to rest reasonably and become careless regarding their own health and so on. 

zh-cn	身在抵抗疫情一线的医护人员，需要面对一系列特殊的心理应激，包括：被感染风险；和家人分离；高难度的救助工作；临时调动工作地点、临时换班；过劳和精神压力。 
en-us	Those frontline health workers must face a series of special psychological stresses, including: the risk of infection; separation from family members; super difficulty in working conditions; temporary relocation of working places, irregular and temporary shifts; overwork and mental pressures. 

zh-cn	疫情期间，医护人员长时间参与高强度、高应激的医护工作，休息严重不足，也很可能发生过劳，精神和身体都极度疲惫。 
en-us	During the outbreak, medical staff, owing to high—intensity and high—stress medical work for a long time, often suffer seriously from lack of rest. They are likely to overwork themselves and become mentally and physically exhausted. 

zh-cn	而且这种疲惫短期内较难缓解。 
en-us	This fatigue is rather difficult to alleviate in a short period of time. 

zh-cn	这些负面情绪，很可能反过来加剧医护人员在当下的心理应激。 
en-us	These negative emotions, in turn, are likely to exacerbate the current psychological stress of health care workers. 

zh-cn	同时，医护人员也可能需要面对大众都会遇到的心理挑战。 
en-us	At the same time, they may also have to face the psychological challenges the public will encounter. 

zh-cn	与患者密切接触者（家属、同事、朋友等） 
en-us	Those Who Have Close Contacts with Patients (family members, colleagues, friends, etc.) 

zh-cn	躲避、不安、等待期的焦虑，或盲目勇敢、拒绝防护和居家观察等。 
en-us	They may dodge and suffer from restlessness or the anxiety of waiting, or may likely turn blindly brave, refuse protection and self—monitored quarantine. 

zh-cn	不愿公开就医的人群 
en-us	People Who Do Not Wish to Seek Public Medical Treatment 

zh-cn	怕被误诊和隔离、缺乏认识、回避、忽视、焦躁等。 
en-us	They are afraid of misdiagnosis and isolation, lack correct knowledge, and avoid or neglect treatment, and hence suffer from anxiety. 

zh-cn	易感人群及大众 
en-us	Vulnerable Population and the General Public 

zh-cn	恐慌、不敢出门、盲目消毒、恐惧、易怒、过于乐观、放弃等。 
en-us	They may panic, refuse to go out of their homes and disinfect surfaces blindly. They are also likely to become fearful and irascible, or otherwise turn too optimistic or may simply give up. 

zh-cn	疫情应激状态下心理应对的方法 
en-us	Psychological Measures for Epidemic Stress 

zh-cn	情绪调节 
en-us	Emotional Regulation 

zh-cn	接纳情绪 
en-us	Emotion Acceptance 

zh-cn	个体处于应激状态时，可以引起各种不同程度的情绪反应，如焦虑、愤怒、敌意和自怜等。 
en-us	When an individual is in the state of stress, it may cause various degrees of emotional response, such as anxiety, anger, hostility and self-pity. 

zh-cn	产生这些负面情绪是正常的也是可以被理解的。 
en-us	It is normal and understandable to have these negative emotions. 

zh-cn	适度的负面情绪有助于我们提高对疫情的警惕，因此我们不必刻意压抑或完全否定这些负面情绪。 
en-us	Appropriate negative emotions can help us to increase our vigilance against the epidemic. 

zh-cn	一味地抗拒情绪只会使自己更加沉浸在负面思维和情绪中。 
en-us	If we deliberately and blindly suppress these negative emotions, it could only make ourselves more immersed in those negative thoughts and emotions. 

zh-cn	同时，大家也要保持自我觉察。 
en-us	At the same time, we should also maintain self-awareness. 

zh-cn	负面情绪一旦过度甚至影响人的正常生活和生理心理健康，必须引起重视，这种情况下有必要对其进行调节。 
en-us	If those negative emotions once become excessive and begin to affect our normal life as well as our physical and mental health, we then must pay great attention to them. In this case, it is necessary to adjust ourselves. 

zh-cn	学会发泄，给情绪一个宣泄通道 
en-us	Learn to Vent, Giving Your Mood a Channel of Catharsis  

zh-cn	研究表明，宣泄压力带来的消极情绪体验，能够减缓这些事件对人的消极影响，从而增进人的身心健康。 
en-us	Studies have shown that the venting of negative emotional experiences caused by stress can retard the negative effects of these events on people, thereby enhancing people's physical and mental health. 

zh-cn	而抑制人的消极情绪体验，反而会降低人免疫系统的功能，使人变得更虚弱、更容易生病。 
en-us	However, the inhibition of a person's negative emotional experience, on the contrary, will reduce the function of human immune system and hence make people weaker and more susceptible to illness. 

zh-cn	倾诉：尽管不能走亲访友，但这并不妨碍人们通过微信、电话等手段交流彼此的想法和情绪。 
en-us	Pour out: Although people cannot visit relatives or friends, this does not prevent people from communicating and exchanging ideas through WeChat, telephone and other means. 

zh-cn	这是一个特殊时期，亲友间互相倾诉、表达共情，以获得鼓励和支持，对每个人来说都是一种积极的力量。 
en-us	During this special period, mutual talk, encouragement and support among relatives and friends are positive forces for everyone. 

zh-cn	此外，向亲友倾诉心中担忧，寻求安慰和帮助，即使无法得到实质帮助，倾诉行为本身就可缓解情绪。 
en-us	In addition, to talk to relatives and friends about one's concerns and worries can seek comfort and help from each other, even if there is no substantial help, the act of talking itself can be a kind of emotional relief. 

zh-cn	运动：尤其是有氧运动不仅能促进人的身体健康，提高人的免疫力，更能产生一系列短期及长期的心理效益。 
en-us	Exercise: Especially aerobic exercise can not only promote people's health, improve people's immunity, but also produce a series of short-term and long-term psychological benefits. 

zh-cn	对于降低焦虑水平，改善情绪状态，减轻应激反应，消除疲劳都有重要作用。 
en-us	It plays an important role in reducing anxiety, improving emotional state, reducing stress response and eliminating fatigue. 

zh-cn	听音乐：音乐可以抚慰心灵的创伤，改变人的心境。 
en-us	Listening to Music: Music can soothe the wounds of the soul and change the mindset of a person. 

zh-cn	听轻松愉快的音乐，比如古典音乐、轻音乐。 
en-us	Listen to light and pleasant music, such as classical music and light music. 

zh-cn	注意伤心的时候不要听悲伤的音乐。 
en-us	Beware that you don't listen to sad music when you are sad. 

zh-cn	哭泣：哭并不是女性的特权。 
en-us	Crying: Crying is not the prerogative of women. 

zh-cn	世界各国女性的平均寿命高于男性，其中一个重要的原因就是女性比男性更善于宣泄不良情绪。 
en-us	One important reason why women around the world have a higher average life expectancy than men is that women are better at venting bad mood than men. 

zh-cn	自我关怀 
en-us	Self-care 

zh-cn	三件好事：写下三件今天发生的、让你平静或快乐的事。 
en-us	Three good things: Write down three things that happen today that make you calm or happy. 

zh-cn	你可以把它们写在便利贴上，贴在床头、电脑旁边等显眼的位置。 
en-us	You can write them on a sticky note and stick them in a conspicuous position beside the head of the bed, computer, etc. 

zh-cn	感到沮丧时，看看它们。 
en-us	When you depressed, have a look at it. 

zh-cn	用对待好友的方式对待自己：首先，想象你的好友在你跟前，当他告诉你他很自责时，你会说些什么话来安慰他、支持他？ 
en-us	Treat yourself the way you treat your best friend: first, imagine your best friend is in front of you. What will you say to comfort and support him when he tells you that he is self-accusing? 

zh-cn	然后，把这些话说给自己听。 
en-us	Then, say these words to yourself. 

zh-cn	有时我们对他人很宽容，却对自己过于严苛。 
en-us	Sometimes we are tolerant of others, but too harsh to ourselves. 

zh-cn	行动策略 
en-us	Action Strategies 

zh-cn	了解新型冠状病毒 
en-us	Know More about NCP 

zh-cn	新型冠状病毒属于一种病毒感染，主要临床表现为发热、乏力，呼吸道症状以干咳为主，并逐渐出现呼吸困难。 
en-us	NCP belongs to a kind of virus infection, and the main clinical picture is fever, fatigue, respiratory tract infection with dry cough, gradually dyspnea. 

zh-cn	严重者表现为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒性休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和凝血功能障碍。 
en-us	Those severe cases suffer acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, metabolic acidosis and coagulation dysfunction. 

zh-cn	部分患者起病轻微，可无发热；多数患者为中轻症，愈后良好；少数患者病情危重。 
en-us	While some patients have mild onset and may have no fever, most of them have moderately mild symptoms and remain good after recovery. A few patients become critically ill. 

zh-cn	我们只有知己知彼，才能百战不殆。 
en-us	Just as saying goes: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. 

zh-cn	选择性接收信息 
en-us	Selectively Receiving Information 

zh-cn	现在每天都会出现无数条关于“疫情前线”的消息。 
en-us	Nowadays one browses countless "frontline" messages every day. 

zh-cn	这个时候我们接收的信息不是越多越好，而是越可靠越好。 
en-us	However, the messages are not the more the better, but the more reliable the better. 

zh-cn	所以我们只接收正规官方的消息发布。 
en-us	So, we should only receive officially announced information. 

zh-cn	可以观看新闻，将重要、可靠并能给我们力量的官方媒体设为“特别关注”； 
en-us	We can watch the news and set the important, reliable and energy—offering official media as our "special focus". 

zh-cn	减少刷朋友圈的时间，尤其不要在睡前刷； 
en-us	Reduce the time to browse your moments, especially before bedtime. 

zh-cn	对一些“负能量”的微信群，选择退群。 
en-us	And for some of the negative WeChat groups we can choose to quit. 

zh-cn	维持正常健康的生活作息规律 
en-us	Maintain Normal and Healthy Life Routine 

zh-cn	正常健康的生活作息规律非常重要。 
en-us	Normal and healthy life routine is very important. 

zh-cn	适当的休息，尽量保持生活的稳定性。 
en-us	Have appropriate rest, and try to maintain the stability of life. 

zh-cn	合理安排饮食，多喝水。 
en-us	Arrange diet reasonably and drink plenty of water. 

zh-cn	保证新鲜水果蔬菜摄入。 
en-us	Be sure to enjoy fresh fruits and vegetables. 

zh-cn	将肉蛋奶等动物性食物加热熟透。 
en-us	Make sure that eggs and milk are thoroughly heated and that animal meat is cooked until well done. 

zh-cn	保持适度的体育锻炼活动。 
en-us	Maintain moderate physical exercises. 

zh-cn	本次新型冠状病毒疫情正值春节假期，假期的时间延长，跟外界交往又大量减少。 
en-us	NCP has coincided with the Chinese Spring Festival holiday season in 2020. In response, the holiday was extended and the contacts with the outside world were greatly reduced. 

zh-cn	这种情况下，如果不能保持正常的生活节奏，一旦睡眠、饮食出问题，就可能出现情绪问题，如莫名焦虑、愤怒。 
en-us	Under this situation, if one cannot maintain the normal pace of life, you might encounter sleep and diet problems, as well as emotional problems, including inexplicable anxiety and anger. 

zh-cn	这些负面情绪增加，甚至比较难回到正常的工作生活中。 
en-us	The increase of these negative moods may even make it hard to return to normal work and life. 

zh-cn	充实生活，转移注意力，不让自己太闲 
en-us	Enrich Your Life and Divert Your Attention to Avoid Too Much Leisure Time 

zh-cn	在不外出的情况下，可以在家中适度活动。 
en-us	One can have moderate activities at home without going out. 

zh-cn	如进行适当的运动：可酌情选择居家锻炼，减轻焦虑，保持好的心态； 
en-us	Doing appropriate exercise: Doing appropriate exercise at home so as to relieve anxiety and maintain a good mindset. 

zh-cn	阅读：可缓解压力，转移注意力，增加知识乐趣； 
en-us	Reading can relieve stress, divert attention and increase the fun of knowledge. 

zh-cn	写作：可写下自己的压力以及生理、心理上的烦恼。 
en-us	As far as writing is concerned, you can write down what causes you stress, and record your physical and mental troubles. 

zh-cn	此外，你一定知道平日做什么事情会令自己开心。 
en-us	In addition, you are sure to know what things make you happy in daily life. 

zh-cn	列出来，并执行。 
en-us	You can draw a list of them and carry them out. 

zh-cn	例如，玩一些小游戏，多运动，深呼吸，泡泡热水澡，做做家务，将家里装扮出新年的气氛，和朋友、家人聊天。 
en-us	For example, play small games, do more exercise, take deep breathes, bubble hot hath and do housework.You can also decorate the house with the atmosphere of the New Year, and chat with friends and family members. 

zh-cn	总之，找出可以转移注意力或者让自己愉悦的事来做。 
en-us	In short, try to find something to do so as to divert your attention and make yourself happy. 

zh-cn	避免做出重大的人生决定 
en-us	Avoid Making Major Life Decisions 

zh-cn	疫情带来的压力有可能让我们长时间处在有压力的情绪中，这时，我们的思维也会受到情绪的影响。 
en-us	The stress of the epidemic will put us in a stressful mood for a long time and our thoughts may also be affected. 

zh-cn	与以往比，我们的想法会更狭隘、更单一，更容易钻牛角尖，或陷入恶性循环。 
en-us	Compared with the past, our ideas may he narrower, simpler, easier to go to extremes, or trapped in a vicious spiral. 

zh-cn	此时我们可能没有办法像以往一样，做出客观、理智的决定，而通常会因为信息的有限性、情绪的主观性，做出冲动的、局限的决定。 
en-us	At this point, we may not be able to make objective and rational decisions like before. Owing to the limited information, subjective mood, one would usually make impulsive and limited decisions. 

zh-cn	这时，我们要避免做出重大的人生决定，要更多地照顾好自己的情绪，让自己处在平复的、稳定的状态里。 
en-us	At the moment, one should avoid making important life decisions, hut take more care of one's emotions and make oneself stay in a calm and stable state. 

zh-cn	传递积极信息 
en-us	Transmit Positive Information 

zh-cn	负能量最容易传染并且蔓延，应该使自己注意积极信息，保持积极心态。 
en-us	Negative energy is likely to become contagious and widespread at this time, so one should pay attention to positive information and maintain a positive attitude. 

zh-cn	向他人传递积极的信息，个人的积极态度是对疫情前方的支持，也是对家人、朋友、身边人的有力支持。 
en-us	Conveying positive information to others and projecting an individual's positive attitude is a good support for the frontline epidemic fighters, and also provides strong support to one's family, friends and all the people around. 

zh-cn	做好个人防护 
en-us	Personal Protection 

zh-cn	面对疫情，做好力所能及的个人防护。 
en-us	In the face of the epidemic, one must do a good job of personal protection. 

zh-cn	戴口罩、勤洗手、避免聚众、减少流动性，这是最基本的要求，也是最高级别的保护！ 
en-us	Wearing masks, washing hands frequently, avoiding mass gatherings and curbing population flow are the most basic requirements and also the highest level of protection! 

zh-cn	如果出现早期的症状，比如干咳、咽痛、呼吸吃力等，或者其他不典型的症状，比如乏力、肌肉酸痛、头昏等，可以到定点医院就诊。 
en-us	If one has the early clinical symptoms, such as dry cough, sore throat, dyspnea, or other atypical symptoms like fatigue, muscle soreness and dizziness, one should visit a designated hospital. 

zh-cn	认知策略 
en-us	Cognitive Strategies 

zh-cn	挑战引发焦虑的念头 
en-us	Challenge Thoughts Which Trigger Off Anxiety 

zh-cn	第一步：区分自己担心的问题是“可以解决的”还是“不可解决的”。 
en-us	The first step is to make a distinction between whether your questions can he "solved" or "not". 

zh-cn	多关注那些可以解决的问题。 
en-us	Pay more attention to those questions which can be solved. 

zh-cn	比如，“我会得病吗？”是无解的。 
en-us	There is no solution for questions like "Will I get sick?" 

zh-cn	但“我可以怎样预防”？是可以解决的。 
en-us	But questions like "How can I prevent it?" can be easily solved. 

zh-cn	第二步：问自己：你担心的问题是实际存在的吗？ 
en-us	The second step is to ask yourself: Do the problems I worry about actually exist? 

zh-cn	它发生的几率大吗？ 
en-us	Is it more likely to happen? 

zh-cn	如果离疫区较远，相对而言，你感染的几率较低。 
en-us	If you are far from the affected area, you are relatively less likely to become infected. 

zh-cn	第三步：如果自己担心的问题很可能发生，我可以做什么应对它？ 
en-us	The third step, if your own concerns are likely to happen, what can you do to deal with it? 

zh-cn	比如，疑似出现症状，你可查阅武汉协和医院等专业机构发布的自检方式，学习居家隔离指引，使用可靠的义诊服务等。 
en-us	For example, if you have suspected symptoms, you can refer to the self-inspection methods issued by Wuhan Concorde Hospital and other professional institutions. Study the guidelines of self-monitored quarantine at home and consult reliable free diagnosis services. 

zh-cn	与不合理思想斗争 
en-us	Struggle Against Unreasonable Ideas 

zh-cn	如果回顾往年的数据你可能会发现，春节期间本来就是感冒发烧的高发季节。 
en-us	If you review the data from previous years, you may find that the Spring Festival is originally a season of high incidence of cold and fever. 

zh-cn	在认知偏差的影响下，人们容易出现对基本统计数据的忽视，出现一系列不合理信念及伴随而来的负面情绪。如“我现在有点头晕和咳嗽，我一定是得了肺炎”“如果真的得了新型冠状病毒肺炎，我就完了”等。 
en-us	Under the influence of cognitive bias, one is prone to ignore the basic statistics and has a series of unreasonable beliefs with accompanying negative emotions, like "I have a little dizziness and cough now, I must have pneumonia." or "If I have been really affected by NCP, then I am finished." 

zh-cn	面对这种情绪，希望大家不要恐慌。 
en-us	Facing this mood, one should not panic. 

zh-cn	找一张纸和一支笔，试着记录下自己的想法。 
en-us	One should find a piece of paper and a pen, and try to write down your thoughts. 

zh-cn	想一想为何会有这种想法。 
en-us	And then think why you have such thoughts. 

zh-cn	除了这种结果是否还有其他可能的对立面。 
en-us	Are there any other opposite results possible beside the ones you have imagined? 

zh-cn	有什么证据支持这个对立面。 
en-us	What evidence could support this opposite result? 

zh-cn	最后再来判断你原来的想法是否合理。 
en-us	Finally, you can judge whether your original idea is reasonable or not. 

zh-cn	正向思维 
en-us	Positive Thinking 

zh-cn	不要只往坏处看。 
en-us	Don't just look at the dark side of things. 

zh-cn	要对自己公平一点。 
en-us	Be fair to yourself. 

zh-cn	不要将注意力停留在坏事，而忽略或看不到好事。 
en-us	Don't focus on the dark side and ignore or fail to see the bright side. 

zh-cn	注意每日通报的信息中，其实是正面的多于负面的。 
en-us	One should see that among the daily information there are more positive messages than negative ones. 

zh-cn	留意事实和数据，根据事实（例如：发病率、死亡率、治愈率、医疗方法的发展、新的药物等），判定自己的担忧是否合理。 
en-us	Pay attention to facts and data, and judge whether your worries are reasonable or not based on those facts and data (morbidity, mortality, cure rate, development of medical methods, new drugs, etc.). 

zh-cn	多回忆在每一次遇到危机时你曾如何面对，重新肯定自己身为一个个体的能力。 
en-us	Recall how you faced each crisis before and reaffirmed your ability to be an capable individual. 

zh-cn	以合理的态度看待事情，尝试以更广阔的角度分析问题。 
en-us	Observe things with reasonable manners and try to analyze problems from a broader perspective. 

zh-cn	当前的问题会带来短暂的影响，但长远而言事情最终能改善。 
en-us	The current problems may cause a short-term impact, but in the long run things will eventually improve. 

zh-cn	眼前所面临的问题终将成为过去。 
en-us	All the present problems we are facing will at last become history. 

zh-cn	保持对前景的盼望。 
en-us	Keep looking forward to a bright future. 

zh-cn	即使在危急时期，也不要忽略我们身边的美好事物，如居家环境及亲朋的良好关系。 
en-us	In the times of crisis, don't ignore the beautiful things around us, such as the cozy home environment and good links with our beloved ones. 

zh-cn	你也可以多做一些力所能及的小事。 
en-us	You can also do more small things to take positive steps to control your situation. 

zh-cn	比如：做好自我防护和家庭隔离，劝说周围的朋友和家人不要外出，做好消毒、洗手、戴口罩等防护措施； 
en-us	For example: be strict with self-protection and self-monitored quarantine, persuade your friends and family members not to go out. Carry on disinfection, wash hands frequently, wear masks and adopt other protective measures. 

zh-cn	组织一些当地互助群。帮助留在湖北或其他疫区的朋友、家人，做一些有用但他们无暇顾及的事，比如：找到靠谱的、可以发货的生活必需品网店链接。 
en-us	You can also organize some local mutual help groups so as to help friends and family members who remain in Hubei or other affected areas with something useful but they have no time to take care of, such as finding reliable online stores links to provide daily necessaries which can be shipped. 

zh-cn	改变认知，跳出思维怪圈 
en-us	Change Your Cognition and Jump Out of Your Weird Circle of Thinking 

zh-cn	我们可能会因为疫情带来的压力和情绪陷入思维的怪圈，比如对很多事情只能想到单一的结果，而这个结果往往是坏的。
en-us	We may be caught in a weird circle of thinking because of the pressures and emotions of the epidemic.For instance, for many things, we may just focus on a single possible outcome, and often a bad one. 

zh-cn	我们还可能无限地夸大坏结果发生的可能性，低估自己能够做的和改变的。 
en-us	We may also infinitely exaggerate the possibility of the bad results, underestimating what we can do or change. 

zh-cn	例如：我嗓子紧紧的，一直在咳嗽，我要不要去医院？ 
en-us	For example, I have a tight throat and have been coughing. Shall I go to the hospital? 

zh-cn	这个时候，我们可以尝试问问自己：还可能有其他结果吗？ 
en-us	At this moment, we can try to ask ourselves: May there be any other results? 

zh-cn	如果是另一种没那么糟的结果，自己的感受又如何？ 
en-us	If this result is not so bad, how do I feel? 

zh-cn	如果是最坏的结果，那么能够反驳这个结果的证据有哪些？ 
en-us	If the result is the worst, then what's the evidence to refute this result? 

zh-cn	对于那些更好的结果，能够支持的证据又有哪些？ 
en-us	For those better results, what is the evidence to support them? 

zh-cn	例如：我是不是最近穿得少感冒了？ 
en-us	For example, did I catch a cold because I wear fewer clothes recently? 

zh-cn	冬季是流感高发期，去医院会造成交叉感染，不一定就是肺炎； 
en-us	Winter is a season of high incidence of influenza, and if one goes to the hospital one could easily become cross-infected. Am I sure I am being affected by pneumonia, or is that an overreaction? 

zh-cn	我平时感冒好像也不会立刻去医院；等等。 
en-us	Usually I don't go to the hospital when I catch a cold, so why do I feel compelled to do so now? 

zh-cn	通过这些自问自答的方式，能够让我们的想法更灵活、更实际，缓解我们的情绪，更好地应对压力。 
en-us	Through these self-questioning and selfanswering methods, we can make our ideas more flexible and practical. This can relieve our emotions and help us deal with the stress better. 

zh-cn	毕竟，我们谁也没有预知未来的能力，我们的观点和想象与现实往往是两回事。 
en-us	After all, none of us have the ability to foresee the future, and our viewpoints and imagination are often different from reality. 

zh-cn	身心放松法 
en-us	Physical and Mental Relaxation 

zh-cn	腹式呼吸具体步骤： 
en-us	Specific Steps of Abdominal Breathing 

zh-cn	①先找到一个舒服的姿势，坐着或躺着都行。 
en-us	1.Find a comfortable position first, then sit or lie down. 

zh-cn	②通过鼻腔慢慢地将空气吸入肺的最底部，同时慢慢从1默数到5。 
en-us	2.Slowly inhale the air through the nasal cavity to the bottom of the lungs while slowly counting from 1 to 5. 

zh-cn	在这个过程中，尽可能地把空气吸到身体的最深处。 
en-us	In doing it, suck the air as deep as possible. 

zh-cn	把手放到腹部，当你吸气的时候，会感到肚子慢慢地鼓起来。 
en-us	Put your hands onto your abdomen, and when you inhale, you will feel your belly slowly bulging. 

zh-cn	③屏住呼吸，慢慢地从1默数到5。 
en-us	3.Hold your breath and slowly count from 1 to 5. 

zh-cn	④通过鼻子或嘴，缓缓地将气呼出，同时慢慢从1默数到5。 
en-us	4.Slowly exhale through the nose or mouth, while slowly counting from 1 to 5. 

zh-cn	如果这个过程需要更多时间，就多数几个数。 
en-us	If the process takes more time, count more. 

zh-cn	⑤确定气体完全呼出后，再正常呼吸两次。 
en-us	5.Make sure the air is fully exhaled and then breathe twice normally. 

zh-cn	⑥重复上述步骤，每次练习3-5分钟。 
en-us	6.Repeat these steps for 3——5 minutes each time. 

zh-cn	注意事项 
en-us	Attention 

zh-cn	如果在这个过程中我们更多感受到的是胸部的变化，我们可以试着闭上眼睛，将我们的精力集中到肚子上，想象并感受肚子的存在，感受肚子的起伏。 
en-us	In the process, if what we feel more is a change in the chest, we can try to close our eyes, and concentrate our spirit and energy on the stomach, imagining and feeling the existence of the belly as well as the ups and downs of the belly. 

zh-cn	我们不必急于一次就能体验到腹式呼吸的状态。 
en-us	There is no hurry for us to experience abdominal breathing at once. 

zh-cn	如果第一次不行，没关系，多试几次就好。 
en-us	If you fail at first, it doesn't matter, you are sure to make it a few times more. 

zh-cn	着陆技术具体方法（挑选适合自己的即可）： 
en-us	Specific Methods of Landing Techniques  

zh-cn	①精神着陆：环顾一下四周，快速地说出你所看到的各种物体的颜色、形状、名称等。 
en-us	1.Mental Landing: Look around and say quickly the colors, shapes, names, etc. of the various objects jumped in your eyes. 

zh-cn	②身体着陆：感觉一下双脚与地面的接触，身体与椅子的接触； 
en-us	2.Body Landing: Feel the touch of your feet to the ground, the touch of your body to the chair. 

zh-cn	动动手指头和脚趾头，用心感受它们的存在与带给自己的感觉； 
en-us	Move your fingers and toes, feel their presence and the feeling they bring to you. 

zh-cn	抓握一个物体，感受它给自己带来的触感、温度。 
en-us	Grasp an object and experience the sense of touch and temperature it brings to you. 

zh-cn	③自我抚慰的着陆：想一想一个你爱的或爱你的人的面容；想一件你期待去做的事情；想一想能让你安心的东西。 
en-us	3.Self—soothing Landing: Think of the face of someone you love or someone who love you; think of something you are longing to be with; think of something that can make you relax and calm down. 

zh-cn	注意事项 
en-us	Attention 

zh-cn	我们做这些活动时不一定要完成多少数量或做得多精确。 
en-us	We don't have to do these activities with quantity and accuracy. 

zh-cn	这并不是一场考试。 
en-us	This is not a test. 

zh-cn	如果大家觉得将注意力集中到自己的身上很难，可以试着找一个干扰较少的环境，闭上眼睛，将自己的大脑想象成一个扫描仪，能够去“扫描”全身不同的部位。 
en-us	If you find it hard to concentrate your consciousness on your body, try to find an environment with less interference. Close your eyes, and imagine your brain is a scanner that can "scan" different parts of your body. 

zh-cn	当“扫描”到身体的某一个部位时，停在这里，去感受它们的存在以及它们与其他地方接触而给自己带来的感受。 
en-us	When "scanned" to one certain part of the body, stop there to experience its presence as well as feeling when they come into contact with other parts of the body. 

zh-cn	肌肉放松法具体步骤： 
en-us	Specific Steps of Muscle Relaxation 

zh-cn	①手臂放松：伸出右手，握紧拳，使整个右前臂变得紧张、僵硬。 
en-us	1.Relax Your Arms: Stretch out your right hand and clench your fist, making the entire right forearm tense and stiff. 

zh-cn	伸出左手，握紧拳，使整个左前臂变得紧张、僵硬。 
en-us	Stretch out your left hand and clench your fist, making the entire left forearm tense and stiff. 

zh-cn	双臂伸直，两手同时握紧拳，紧张手和臂部。 
en-us	Straighten your two arms and clench your hands at the same time, making your hands and arms tense. 

zh-cn	②头部放松：皱起前额肌肉、眉头、鼻子和脸颊（可咬紧牙关\\，使嘴角尽量向两边咧，鼓起两腮，似在极度痛苦状态下使劲一样）。 
en-us	2.Head Relaxation: Wrinkle up your forehead muscles, eyebrows, nose and cheeks (bite the teeth tightly so that the corners of the mouth twist as far as possible to the sides, bulging your cheeks, as if in a extremely painful state). 

zh-cn	③躯干部位放松：耸起双肩，紧张肩部肌肉；挺起胸部，紧张胸部肌肉；拱起背部，紧张背部肌肉；屏住呼吸，紧张腹部肌肉。 
en-us	3.Relax Torso Parts: Shrug your shoulders and make the shoulder muscles tense; lift your chest and make the chest muscles tense; arch your back and make your back muscles tense; hold your breath, make your abdominal muscles tense. 

zh-cn	④伸出右腿，右脚向前用力像在蹬一堵墙，使整个右腿变得紧张、僵硬； 
en-us	4.Relax Your Legs: Stretching out the right leg, as if your right foot is pushing forcefully forward against a wall; making the whole right leg tense and stiff. 

zh-cn	伸出左腿，左脚向前用力像在蹬一堵墙，使整个左腿变得紧张、僵硬。 
en-us	Stretching out the left leg, as if your left foot is pushing forcefully forward against a wall; making the whole left leg tense and stiff. 

zh-cn	⑤待上述肌肉持续紧张、僵硬几秒钟后，同时放松全身所有肌肉，体验全身放松的感受。 
en-us	5. Relax Your Whole Body: After a few seconds of tension and stiffness of the muscles, relax all your body muscles and experience the sensation of a total relaxation. 

zh-cn	注意事项 
en-us	Attention 

zh-cn	阅读上述步骤，熟悉需要紧张的肌肉群。 
en-us	Read the above steps and familiarize yourself with the muscles that require tension. 

zh-cn	上述步骤并非一定要按照顺序进行。 
en-us	These steps are not necessarily sequenced. 

zh-cn	当自己某个部位的肌肉在保持紧张几秒钟后，即可进行放松练习。 
en-us	When a certain part of your muscles have been tense for a few seconds, do some loosening up activities. 

zh-cn	我们既可以一部分一部分地使肌肉紧张和放松，也可以在整体熟悉后，同时对全身的肌肉进行紧张和放松练习。 
en-us	We can make the muscles tense and relax partially, or after we are familiar with all the process, we can also make the muscles of the whole body tense and relax. 

zh-cn	“蝴蝶拥抱”具体步骤： 
en-us	Specific Steps of " Butterfly Embrace" 

zh-cn	①双手交叉放在胸前，中指尖放在对侧锁骨下方，指向锁骨的方向。 
en-us	1. Hands crossed in front of the chest and the tip of the middle finger under the contralateral clavicle, pointing in the direction of the collarbone. 

zh-cn	你可以闭上眼睛，或者半闭上眼。 
en-us	You can close or half close your eyes. 

zh-cn	②将你的手想象成蝴蝶的翅膀，像蝴蝶扇动翅一样，缓慢地、有节奏地交替摆动你的手，比如先左手，后右手。 
en-us	2.Imagine your hands are the wings of a butterfly's, swinging your hands slowly and rhythmically like a butterfly flaps its wings, left hand first and then the right one. 

zh-cn	③缓慢地深呼吸，留意你的思绪和身体感受。 
en-us	3.Take a slow and deep breath, be aware of your thoughts and physical feelings. 

zh-cn	在这一刻，你在想什么？ 
en-us	At this moment, what are you thinking about? 

zh-cn	你脑海中有什么样的景象？ 
en-us	What's in your mind? 

zh-cn	你听到了什么声音？ 
en-us	What can you hear? 

zh-cn	闻到了什么样的气味？ 
en-us	What kind of smell can you smell? 

zh-cn	④审视你的想法、感受，不去评判它们。 
en-us	4.Examine your thoughts and feelings without judging them. 

zh-cn	把这些想法、感受看作天上飘过的云彩：一朵云彩来了又去了，我们只需静静地目送，不去评价它的好坏。 
en-us	Regard these thoughts and feelings as clouds floating over the sky: a cloud comes and goes. You just watch them quietly and do not judge whether they are good or bad. 

zh-cn	重复6-8次“蝴蝶扇翅”。 
en-us	Repeat 6 to 8 times "butterfly flaps". 

zh-cn	当你身体平静下来后停止。 
en-us	Stop when your body calms down. 

zh-cn	尝试正念冥想 
en-us	Try Positive Mind Meditation 

zh-cn	正念冥想，是近些年兴起的一种自我调节方法。 
en-us	Positive mind meditation has emerged as a self—regulating method in recent years. 

zh-cn	强调有目的、有意识地关注、觉察当下的一切，将注意力集中于当下，而对当下的一切又不作任何判断、分析和反应，只是单纯地觉察它、注意它。 
en-us	It emphasizes perceiving and detecting everything at present consciously and purposely. Focusing on the present without any judgment, analysis, or reaction.Just perceiving and detecting things simply. 

zh-cn	正念冥想可以有效缓解人的焦虑情绪，使紧绷的身体得到放松，使整个人更加轻松。 
en-us	Positive mind meditation can effectively relieve anxiety, make a tight body and the whole person more relaxed. 

zh-cn	寻求专业帮助 
en-us	Seek Professional Help 

zh-cn	当因新型冠状病毒肺炎而出现恐惧、紧张、焦虑等应激障碍，找寻专业帮助或者拨打心理热线电话。 
en-us	When panic, tension, anxiety and other stress disorders appear because of NCP, please seek professional help or call the psychological hotline. 

zh-cn	在全国构建社会心理服务体系的大背景下这方面的资源会越来越多，如科普文章、媒体相关节目、热线心理咨询、网络咨询及安全前提下的面对面心理咨询与治疗等。 
en-us	Under the background of constructing social psychological service system all over the whole country, there will be more and more resources in this field, such as popular science articles, media related programs, hotline psychological consultation, network consultation as well as face-to-face psychological consultation and treatment under the premise of security. 

zh-cn	疫情状况下的心理危机干预 
en-us	Mental Crisis Intervention in Epidemic Situation 

zh-cn	确定目标人群和数量 
en-us	Target Population Defining and Confirming 

zh-cn	新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情影响人群分为四级。 
en-us	The population affected by the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia infection falls into four levels. 

zh-cn	干预重点应当从第一级人群开始并逐步扩展。一般性宣传教育要全面覆盖到四级人群中去。 
en-us	Psychological crisis intervention is, therefore, called in and suggested being focused on the first level of population, with general publicity and education fully covering four levels. 

zh-cn	第一级人群：新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊患者（住院治疗的重症及以上患者）、疫情防控一线医护人员、疾控人员和管理人员等。 
en-us	Level 1: confirmed pneumonia patients infected by the novel coronavirus (i.e. hospitalized critical patients or acuter patients), frontline—medical personnel for epidemic prevention and control, disease control personnel and management personnel, etc. 

zh-cn	第二级人群：居家隔离的轻症患者（密切接触者、疑似患者），到医院就诊的发热患者。 
en-us	Level 2: mild patients quarantined at home (close contacts and suspected patients), and patients with fever resorting to medical treatment in hospital. 

zh-cn	第三级人群：与第一级、第二级人群有关的人，如家属、同事、朋友；参加疫情应对的后方救援者，如现场指挥、组织管理人员、志愿者等。 
en-us	Level 3: people related to level 1 and level 2, such as family members, colleagues and friends; logistically rescuing participants in responding to the epidemic outbreak, such as onscene commanders and management personnel and volunteers. 

zh-cn	第四级人群：受疫情防控措施影响的疫区相关人群、易感人群、普通公众。 
en-us	Level 4: relevant people in the areas affected by epidemic prevention and control, susceptible people and the general public as well. 

zh-cn	评估目标人群，制订分类干预计划评估目标人群的心理健康状况。 
en-us	Assessing Target Population and Developing Customized Intervention Strategy 

zh-cn	及时识别并区分高危人群、普通人群。 
en-us	Assessing the mental health status of target population is to identify and distinguish high-risk groups from the general public. 

zh-cn	对高危人群开展心理危机干预，对普通人群开展心理健康教育。 
en-us	It is suggested that psychological crisis intervention be given to the high-risk groups, whereas psychological health education to the latter. 

zh-cn	制订工作时间表 
en-us	Making Work Schedule 

zh-cn	根据目标人群范围、数量以及心理危机干预人员数，安排工作，制订工作时间表。 
en-us	Work Schedule is made and carried out in accordance to target population in range, size, and number. 

zh-cn	针对不同人群的心理危机干预要点 
en-us	Essentials of Psychological Intervention for Different Groups 

zh-cn	确诊患者 
en-us	Confirmed Case 

zh-cn	1.隔离治疗初期患者 
en-us	1.Early Treatment Recipients in Quarantine 

zh-cn	患者心态：麻木、否认、恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、失望、抱怨、失眠等。 
en-us	Mentality of patients: numbness, denial, fear, anxiety, depression, disappointment, complaints and insomnia, etc. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康教育工作者。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists and mental health educators. 

zh-cn	干预原则：支持、安慰为主。宽容对待患者，稳定患者情绪，及早评估自伤、攻击等风险。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: Support and comfort are taken as two main principles, as well as treating patients with tolerance to stabilize their emotions. Assessment of risks in self—injury and attacks should be made as early as possible. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）理解患者正常的应激反应，做到事先有所准备。 
en-us	（1）Intervention providers, needing to be prepared psychologically in advance, should understand the normal stress responses of patients. 

zh-cn	（2）在理解患者的前提下，除药物治疗外应当给予心理危机干预，如及时评估患者的自伤、攻击等风险。 
en-us	（2）On the premise of understanding patients, psychological crisis intervention should be given in addition to drug treatment, such as timely assessment of patients' risks in self-injury and attack and timely positive psychological support. 

zh-cn	适时给予正面心理支持，不与患者发生正面冲突，必要时请专科医生会诊。 
en-us	Conflicts with patients should be avoided and consult with specialists when necessary. 

zh-cn	在患者对治疗有疑问或者是产生疑虑和对抗情绪时，应及时解释隔离洽疗的重要性和必要性，并鼓励患者树立积极恢复的信心。 
en-us	When doubts arise from their suspicion of their treatments, patients' confrontation should be responded in a timely explanation of the importance and necessity of quarantined treatment, followed by encouraging them to build up confidence in recovery. 

zh-cn	（3）在对患者进行心理疏导和疾病知识科普的时候，需要强调隔离手段不仅是为了更好地观察、保护和治疗患者，同时是保护亲人和社会安全、安定的有效方式。 
en-us	（3）What should be emphasized, in the course of psychological counseling and disease knowledge popularizing, is the fact that quarantine is not only for better observation, protection and treatment of patients, but an effective way to protect their relatives' health and societal safety. 

zh-cn	解释目前治疗的要点和方案，消除患者的不确定感和疑虑，从而有效降低患者的焦虑和恐惧情绪。 
en-us	Interpretation of current treatment plans as well as treatment essentials are required to eliminate patients' sense of uncertainty and doubt so as to bring down effectively patients' anxiety and fear. 

zh-cn	2.隔离治疗期患者 
en-us	2.Treatment Recipients in Quarantine 

zh-cn	患者心态：除隔离初期可能出现的心态外，还可能出现孤独，或因对疾病的恐惧而不配合、放弃治疗，或对治疗的过度乐观和期望值过高等。 
en-us	Mentality of patients: In addition to the mentalities during early treatment in quarantine, the probable mentalities are loneliness, noncompliance and treatment—relinquishing due to their fear of disease, in conjunction with over—optimism and extravagant expectation of treatment. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康教育工作者。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists and mental health educators. 

zh-cn	干预原则：积极沟通信息、必要时请专科医生会诊。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: communicate information in an active way and consult a specialist when necessary. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures  

zh-cn	（1）根据患者能接受的程度，客观如实交代其病情和外界疫情，使患者做到心中有数，解除疑虑、猜测，缓解焦虑。 
en-us	（1）Intervention providers are advised, based on the extent to which patients can accept, to equip patients with necessary information, concerning their conditions as they really are, together with external epidemic situation, helping to remove their doubts and speculation and ease their anxiety. 

zh-cn	聆听患者的担心和疑虑。 
en-us	Providers need to listen to patients' concerns and doubts. 

zh-cn	（2）协助患者与外界亲人沟通，适时向患者转达信息。 
en-us	（2）Providers need to assist patients to communicate with their relatives and to be timely in passing on information to patients. 

zh-cn	（3）积极鼓励患者配合治疗的所有行为。 
en-us	（3）Patients' cooperation with treatments should be encouraged in a positively way. 

zh-cn	（4）尽量使环境适宜患者的治疗。 
en-us	（4）Appropriate environment for treatment should be managed to provide for the patients. 

zh-cn	（5）必要时请专科医生会诊。 
en-us	（5）Consult with specialists when necessary. 

zh-cn	3.发生呼吸窘迫、极度不安、表达困难的患者 
en-us	3.Patients with Respiratory Distress, Extreme Upset and Expression Difficulty 

zh-cn	患者心态：恐慌、绝望等。 
en-us	Mentality of patients: panic and despair, etc. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康教育工作者。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists and mental health educators. 

zh-cn	干预原则：安抚、镇静，注意情感交流，增强治疗信心。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: pacifying and calming via emotional communication to enhance confidence in treatment. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	镇定、安抚患者，使用放松技术，避免患者因为紧张和恐惧而引发呼吸窘迫。 
en-us	Relaxation techniques are employed to calm and pacify patients, avoiding respiratory distress caused by nervousness and fear. 

zh-cn	加强原发病的治疗，减轻症状。 
en-us	Treatments for patients' primary diseases should be strengthened to alleviate symptoms. 

zh-cn	4.居家隔离的轻症患者和到医院就诊的发热患者 
en-us	4.Mild Patients Quarantined at Home and for Patients with Fever, Resorting to Medical Treatment in Hospital. 

zh-cn	患者心态：恐慌、孤独、无助、压抑、悲观、愤怒、紧张，被他人疏远躲避的压力、委屈、羞耻感或不重视疾病等。 
en-us	Mentality of patients: panic, loneliness, helplessness, depression, pessimism, anger, nervousness, pressure caused by alienation and avoidance from others, sense of grievance, sense of shame, and belittling diseases. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康教育工作者、社区医生、心理及相关医学知识热线、线上咨询平台。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists, mental health educators, community physicians, psychological & medical knowledge hotlines, and online consultation platforms. 

zh-cn	干预原则：健康宣教、鼓励配合、顺应变化。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: publicizing health knowledge to educate patients, encouraging their cooperation in treatments, and embracing necessary changes. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）协助服务对象了解真实可靠的信息与知识，取信于科学和医学权威资料；防止患者被谣言和不实信息困扰，从而引发过度的焦虑和恐慌。
en-us	(1)Real and reliable information and knowledge,released by authoritative scientific and medical resources, should be provided to patients, helping them to grow stronger with science and solid evidences and stopping them from excessive anxiety and panic, resulting from rumors and false information. 

zh-cn	用科学和实证让患者变得强大。 
en-us	(2）Patients are encouraged to do their part in treatments and in quarantining themselves. 

zh-cn	（2）鼓励积极配合治疗和采取隔离措施，健康饮食和作息，多进行读书、听音乐、冥想、看电视等活动。 
en-us	Measures advised to be taken include a healthy diet, regular work and rest, reading books, listening to music, meditation and watching TV, etc. 

zh-cn	（3）帮助患者建立“顺其自然，为所当为”的心态，接纳隔离处境；了解自己的反应，接纳自己的负面情绪；在逆境中体会积极意义。 
en-us	（3）Mentally, patients' mentalities of letting it be and doing what they can are advised to be built up with the assistance of others. While physically, patients need to accept the situation of being quarantined, know your reactions, embrace your negative emotions and experience the positive in adversity. 

zh-cn	（4）寻求应对压力的社会支持：利用现代通信手段，如QQ和微信等联络亲朋好友、同事等，倾诉自己的感受，宣泄情绪，保持与社会的沟通交流，以获得支持鼓励，在逆境中获得力量。 
en-us	（4）Social supports recommended for patients to cope with stress include: contacting friends, relatives, colleagues and others via such modern communication means as QQ and WeChat, to express feelings and vent their emotions. Support and encouragements gained by these exchange and communication methods help patients to gain strength in the face of adversity. 

zh-cn	（5）鼓励患者使用心理援助热线或在线心理干预等方法。 
en-us	（5）Patients are encouraged to dial psychological assistance helplines or resort to online psychological interventions. 

zh-cn	疑似患者 
en-us	Suspected Patients 

zh-cn	患者心态：侥幸心理、躲避治疗、怕被歧视，或焦躁、过度求治、频繁转院等。 
en-us	Mentality of patients: fluke psychology, avoidance of being treated, fear of discrimination, or anxiety, asking for excessive treatment and frequently hospital transference. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康工作者、社区医生、心理及相关医学知识热线、线上咨询平台。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists, mental health educators, community doctors, psychological and medical knowledge hotlines, and online consulting platforms. 

zh-cn	干预原则：及时宣教、正确防护、服从大局、减少压力。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: timely popularization and education, protections in correct ways, compliance with overall arrangements, and reducing pressure. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）就国家、相关地区对于疫情的防控政策对疑似患者进行宣教，让疑似患者密切观察自己的身体状况、及早求治。 
en-us	(1)Popularizing and educating should be made to the suspected patients in accordance with the policies concerning prevention and control of epidemic situations in relevant areas of the country, so that the suspected patients can closely observe their physical conditions and seek treatment as soon as possible. 

zh-cn	（2）为人为己采用必要的防护措施，如：戴口罩、勤洗手、保持个人卫生等。 
en-us	(2)Necessary precautions are advised to take for the sake of others as well as patients, such as wearing face masks and washing hands to maintain and enhance personal hygiene. 

zh-cn	（3）服从大局安排，按照规定报告个人情况给相关部门。 
en-us	(3)Overall arrangements should be complied with, and personal health information should be reported to relevant departments as required. 

zh-cn	（4）使用减压行为、减少应激反应。 
en-us	(4)Stress-reducing behaviors should be employed to reduce stress responses. 

zh-cn	医护及相关人员 
en-us	Medical and Related Personnel 

zh-cn	心态：过度疲劳和紧张，焦虑不安、失眠、委屈等。 
en-us	Mentality: excessive fatigue and nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, grievance, etc. 

zh-cn	被感染风险、担心家人、害怕家人担心自己。 
en-us	Medical staff worry about being infected and about family members of themselves. 

zh-cn	过度亢奋，拒绝合理的休息，不能很好地保证自己的健康等。 
en-us	They are too stimulated to rest reasonably, failing to guarantee the health of their own. 

zh-cn	长时间的工作导致职业耗竭感。 
en-us	Extended hours of workdays often results in a sense of professional exhaustion. 

zh-cn	过分地为受害者悲伤、忧郁，觉得自己本可以做得更好、做得更多，并因此怀疑自己是否已经尽力； 
en-us	Medical staff may grieve too much over victims, feeling that they could have done better and done more, and consequently wondering if they have done their utmost. 

zh-cn	感到内疚，觉得自己帮不了别人，进而怀疑自己的职业选择，对自己的工作产生无价值感。 
en-us	They may feel guilty about their possible incapability of helping others, and even move further to doubt their career choices, feeling worthless at their work. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康工作者、心理热线、线上咨询平台。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists, mental health educators, psychological hotlines and online consultation platforms. 

zh-cn	干预原则：定时轮岗、自我调节、有问题寻求帮助。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: Timing work shift, self-adjusting and asking for help when necessary. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）进行预防性晤谈，公开讨论内心感受；对参与救援人员进行支持和安慰；找到其内外部支持资源；帮助当事人在心理上对应激有所了解和准备，避免其在高强度的工作下产生应激反应。
en-us	(1) Preventive dialogues are used to openly discuss feelings; participants are provided with support and comfort; access is provided to support resources, internal and external; make sure they are assisted with a better understanding of stress and are prepared psychologically to avoid excess stress response when exposed during the high intensity of work. 

zh-cn	（2）消除一线医务工作者的后顾之忧，安排专人进行后勤保障，让医务人员安心工作。 
en-us	(2)Worries and fears about support services,personnel and supplies should be eliminated for the frontline medical workers by logistical specialists, ensuring they can give full concentration on their work. 

zh-cn	隔离区工作人员尽量每月轮换一次，避免耗竭感。 
en-us	It is recommended that quarantine area personnel are rotated once a week, helping them stay away from sense of exhaustion. 

zh-cn	提供充足的防护设备，如：口罩、护目镜、防护服、手套等，缓解医务工作者的压力，让医务工作者更专心地投入到救援工作当中去。 
en-us	Medical workers should be provided with adequate protective devices, such as face masks, goggles, protective clothing and gloves, to minimize their fears and throw themselves into their rescue work. 

zh-cn	（3）合理排班，安排适宜的放松和休息，保证充分的睡眠和饮食。 
en-us	(3) Reasonable scheduling, proper relaxation and rest are required to ensure sufficient sleep and diet. 

zh-cn	在危机事件发生后，一线医护人员无论工作量还是工作时间都明显增加，在救援过程中生理需求的满足是处理危机的必要条件。 
en-us	Any crisis incident means increasing workload and working hours of medical workers, the physiological needs of whom are decisive in crisis management. 

zh-cn	自我要注意休息，不要总和患者在一起，每天必须有医护人员单独的自我时间。 
en-us	Medical care managers must ensure that medical staff get adequate daily rest, away from patients. 

zh-cn	不管自己是不是有胃口，每天需要定时定量的进食。 
en-us	Medical workers need to eat adequate daily meals on a routine schedule, no matter if they have appetite or not. 

zh-cn	尽量安排定点医院一线人员在医院附近住宿，节省救援人员的时间和体力，同时避免感染发生。 
en-us	As for those frontline medical workers arranged in NCP-designated hospitals, their sleeping accommodations should be made available as close to their working venues as possible. The aim is to save rescue workers time and energy. The occurrence of possible infection in these accommodations should also be avoided at the same time. 

zh-cn	（4）在可能的情况下尽量保持与家人和外界联络、交流。 
en-us	(4)It is important to ensure that contact and communications with family members and the outside world are maintained. 

zh-cn	与同事之间相互支持，适时地将自己的感觉和经验与同事讨论和分享；与同伴相互鼓励、打气，相互肯定； 
en-us	Peer-to-peer support should be provided among colleagues to duly discuss and share their feelings and experiences, and to encourage with mutual affirmation. 

zh-cn	完善自己的社会支持系统，与家人和朋友保持联系； 
en-us	Individual social support systems should be further improved by helping medical workers stay in touch with family members and friends. 

zh-cn	找到自己放松和调剂方法，安排好工作和休息时间。 
en-us	They need to find out their own individual way of relaxing and unwinding, in order to have a healthy balance of work and rest. 

zh-cn	（5）及时疏泄情绪。出现失眠、情绪低落的情况时，可寻求专业的心理危机干预或心理健康服务。 
en-us	(5)Emotion catharsis, such as professional psychological crisis intervention and other mental health services, should be provided without any delay when insomnia and depression occur. 

zh-cn	有条件的地区可进行面对面心理危机干预。 
en-us	Face-to-face psychological crisis intervention should be carried out in places where conditions allow. 

zh-cn	与患者密切接触者（家属、同事、朋友等） 
en-us	Close Contacts with Patients (family members, colleagues, friends, etc.) 

zh-cn	心态：躲避、不安、等待期的焦虑，或盲目、拒绝防护和居家观察等。 
en-us	Mentality: dodge, disturbance, anxiety during waiting period, being bewildered, refusal to prevention, protection, and home observation. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康工作者、社区医生、心理及相关医学知识热线、线上咨询平台。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists, mental health educators, community doctors, psychological and medical knowledge hotlines, and online consultation platforms. 

zh-cn	干预原则：宣教、安慰、鼓励借助网络交流。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: popularization and education, consolation, encouragement of communication via the Internet. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）协助服务对象了解真实可靠的信息与知识，取信于科学和医学权威资料；防止患者被谣言和不实信息困扰，从而引发过度的焦虑和恐慌。 
en-us	(1)Real and reliable information and knowledge,released by authoritative scientific and medical resources should be provided to service recipients, stopping them from excessive anxiety and panic resulting from rumors and false information. 

zh-cn	用科学和实证武装密切接触者。 
en-us	Close contacts need to be armed with science and solid evidence. 

zh-cn	密切观察、关注自己的身体状况、及早求治。 
en-us	Close observance of personal physical conditions should be a daily routine.And medical treatment should be resorted to as soon as possible. 

zh-cn	（2）就国家、相关地区对于疫情的防控政策对密切接触者进行宣教。 
en-us	（2）Public information and education should be made, especially to the close contacts of medical workers, in accordance to the policies concerning prevention and control of epidemic situation in relevant areas of the country. 

zh-cn	鼓励积极配合隔离措施，服从大局安排，按照规定报告个人情况给相关部门。 
en-us	Individuals are encouraged to do their part in taking quarantining measures, complying with overall arrangements, and reporting personal situations to relevant administrative departments. 

zh-cn	（3）健康饮食和作息，多进行读书、听音乐、冥想、适量的运动、看电视等活动。 
en-us	(3)Measures advised to be taken include maintaining a healthy diet, regular work and rest, reading books, listening to music, meditation, moderate exercise, and watching TV, etc. 

zh-cn	帮助患者建立“顺其自然，为所当为”的心态，接纳隔离处境。 
en-us	Patients are to be helped to build up the mentality of "letting it be" and doing what they can to accept the inconvenience and limitations of quarantine. 

zh-cn	了解自己的情绪反应，接纳负面情绪。在逆境中体会积极意义。 
en-us	Patients should know their reactions, embrace their negative emotions and learn to experience the positive in adversity. 

zh-cn	（4）寻求应对压力的社会支持：利用现代通信手段，如QQ和微信等联络亲朋好友、同事等，倾诉自己的感受，宣泄情绪，保持与社会的沟通交流，以此获得支持鼓励，在逆境中获得力量。 
en-us	(4)Social supports recommended for patients to help cope with stress include: contacting, via such modem communication means as QQ and WeChat, friends, relatives, colleagues and others to express feelings and vent emotions. Support and encouragements gained by these exchanges and communications equip patients with strength in the face of adversity. 

zh-cn	不愿公开就医的人群 
en-us	People Reluctant to Seek Public Medical Treatment 

zh-cn	心态：怕被误诊和隔离、缺乏认识、回避、忽视、焦躁、恐慌、恐惧等。 
en-us	Mentality: fear of being misdiagnosed and quarantined, lack of relevant knowledge, avoidance, ignorance, anxiety, panic, etc. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：专科医生、心理健康工作者、社区医生、心理及相关医学知识热线、线上咨询平台。 
en-us	Intervention providers: specialists, mental health educators, community doctors, psychology and medical knowledge hotlines, online consultation platforms. 

zh-cn	干预原则：解释劝导、不批评、支持就医行为。 
en-us	Principle of intervention: explanation and persuasion, non-criticizing and non—supportive attitude toward seeking medical treatment. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）对这类人群的回避、逃避和恐慌等心理表示理解。 
en-us	(1)Understanding is given to the psychology of avoidance, escape and panic. 

zh-cn	就国家、相关地区对于疫情的防控政策以及医疗政策对这类人群进行宣教，消除其对隔离的恐惧和不解心理。 
en-us	To eliminate panic and perplexing psychology towards isolation, public information and education should be provided to people affected in accordance to the policies concerning prevention and control of epidemic situation in relevant areas of the country. 

zh-cn	（2）协助服务对象了解真实可靠的信息与知识，取信于科学和医学权威资料； 
en-us	(2)Real and reliable information and knowledge, released by authoritative scientific and medical resources, should be provided to service recipients. 

zh-cn	对病症进行科普工作，使服务对象密切观察、关注自己的身体状况、及早求治。 
en-us	Scientific information and education on the disease and its syndromes need to be carried out so that the public is capable of paying close attention to their own physical conditions and to seeking treatment as soon as possible. 

zh-cn	（3）帮助不愿公开就医的人群接纳自己的现状，抛除病耻感。 
en-us	(3) People with reluctance to being seen resorting to medical treatment need assistance in accepting their current situation and throwing away the stigma of being infected. 

zh-cn	务必做好防护工作，如：戴口罩，勤洗手，及时消毒，注意个人卫生等，为他人和自己的生命安全负责。 
en-us	Measures of prevention and protection, like wearing face masks, washing hands, timely sterilizing, attention to personal hygiene, should be taken in a serious way for the sake of personal safety as well as the safety of others. 

zh-cn	易感人群及大众 
en-us	Susceptible People and the General Public 

zh-cn	心态及行为：不敢出门、过度消毒、恐慌、失望、恐惧、易怒、攻击性行为和过于悲观、放弃等。 
en-us	Mentality: intimidation of stepping out of home, being excessive sterilized, panic, frustration, irritation, aggression, extreme pessimism, withdrawing medical treatment, etc. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：心理援助热线、心理健康工作者、社会组织、权威媒体、线上咨询平台。 
en-us	Intervention providers: psychological assistance hotlines, psychological health educators, social organizations, authoritative media, and online consultation platforms. 

zh-cn	干预原则：健康宣教，指导其积极应对，消除恐惧心理，科学防范。 
en-us	Intervention principles: health—related knowledge needs to be publicized to educate patients, guiding them to counter adversity actively, eliminating their panic psychology, and preventing disease scientifically. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures  

zh-cn	（1）健康宣教。 
en-us	(1)Health-related knowledge needs publicizing. 

zh-cn	协助服务对象从官方和专业的渠道了解真实可靠的信息与知识，取信于科学和医学权威资料；防止其被谣言和不实信息困扰，从而引发过度的焦虑和恐慌。 
en-us	This will help health care service recipients have access to real, reliable information and knowledge released by authoritative scientific and medical resources. 

zh-cn	让服务对象用科学和实证武装自己。 
en-us	Such information helps health care recipients to he armed with scientific and solid evidence so as to avoid excessive anxiety and panic resulting from rumors and false information. 

zh-cn	为服务对象提供健康防护信息。使服务对象密切观察、关注自己的身体状况，发现问题及时咨询，及时就医。 
en-us	Health protection information should be provided to equip service recipients with the capability of closely and objectively observing their own physical conditions before consulting and seeking medical advice, on a timely basis, when problems arise. 

zh-cn	（2）适应性行为的指导。 
en-us	(2)Guidance on adaptive behavior can be employed to reduce tension resulting from stress. 

zh-cn	使用适应性的行为，减轻应激带来的紧张情绪，运动、听音乐、保持正常的饮食、睡眠和工作习惯，增加营养，提高免疫力等。 
en-us	Behaviors recommended include incorporating exercise, listening to music, maintaining a regular diet, sleeping and working, and supplemental nutrition to improve immunity and recovery, etc. 

zh-cn	（3）不歧视患病、疑似人群。 
en-us	(3)Nondiscrimination of infected and suspected population. 

zh-cn	我们的共同敌人是病毒而不是患者和疑似人群。 
en-us	Suspicion is the common enemy of people not infected but part of a population affected by the virus. 

zh-cn	（4）援助者需提醒服务对象保持乐观、平和的健康心态，多看有利因素。同时，避免消极的应对方式，如：否认、退缩、回避、过度恐慌、冲动、过分依赖、过度疲劳、压抑情绪、不接受帮助。 
en-us	(4)The aid provider should remind service recipients to maintain a healthy and optimistic state of mind, keeping eyes on favorable factors and avoiding negative response attitudes, such as denying, withdrawing, avoidance, excessive panic, impulsion, extreme dependence, excessive fatigue, suppression, and the refusal to be helped. 

zh-cn	（5）提醒服务对象在疫情期，严格避免聚会、聚餐、登门拜访等行为，做好防护，对自己和他人负责。 
en-us	(5)Service recipients, for the sake of themselves as well as others, should be reminded to protect themselves and prevent others from infection by strictly staying away from social behavior such as gathering-together, group dining and paying visits during the epidemic outbreak period. Service recipients must be responsible for themselves and others. 

zh-cn	心理援助者 
en-us	Psychological Helper 

zh-cn	心态：急切、强烈的助人愿望，感到有压力。 
en-us	Mentality: being anxious to help others with a strong desire, and feeling pressed. 

zh-cn	干预提供者：督导师、个人体验师、其他心理援助者。 
en-us	Intervention providers: supervisors, experts experiencing the trades they are familiar with, and other psychological helpers. 

zh-cn	干预原则：情绪调适、自我关照。 
en-us	Principles of intervention: emotional adjustment and selfcare. 

zh-cn	干预措施 
en-us	Intervention Measures 

zh-cn	（1）帮助受助人关注自身情绪调节。 
en-us	(1)Recipients need to be assisted in paying attention to their own emotional regulation. 

zh-cn	（2）注意劳逸结合，维持良好的身心状态，缓解心理压力。 
en-us	(2)Balance between work and rest should be made to maintain a good state, physically and mentally, in order to relieve psychological pressure. 

zh-cn	（3）学会处理被干预者指向自己的愤怒。 
en-us	(3)The anger generated by intervention providers needs to be disposed of in a healthy manner. 

zh-cn	这只不过是敌意情绪的转移。 
en-us	It's merely a diversion of hostile emotions and ultimately unproductive. 

zh-cn	疫情下不同人群心理调适的方法 
en-us	Methods of Psychological Adjustment for Populations under Epidemic Situation 

zh-cn	普通人的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the General Public 

zh-cn	了解新型冠状病毒肺炎的性质，掌握流行情况，做到心中有数。
en-us	Members of the general public need to equip themselves fairly well with knowledge about the nature of the NCP and the situation concerning the outbreak of this epidemic. 

zh-cn	切记一定要从正规、官方、权威渠道了解疫情和相关防护知识信息。 
en-us	First, be certain to access information concerning epidemic outbreak situation, prevention and protection released from formal, official and authoritative channels. 

zh-cn	不轻信谣言，不盲目传播谣言。 
en-us	Do not believe or spread unfounded rumors. 

zh-cn	也不要因为报道的逐渐频繁就认为这个病有多么可怕。 
en-us	Don't conclude how scary the disease is due to the gradually increasing report of it. 

zh-cn	要知道疾病的实际情况不会因报道的频繁而加重，频繁的报道旨在能引起大家的重视，但没有必要因此产生恐慌。 
en-us	It is worthy of knowing that the actual situation of disease will not get worse with frequent reports, whose purpose is only to call for everyone's attention, so there is no need to panic. 

zh-cn	采取积极有效的预防措施 
en-us	Take Active and Effective Measures for Prevention 

zh-cn	化恐慌为认真、科学、适度的个人防护。 
en-us	Careful, scientific and moderate methods to prevent individuals from spreading the disease also function well to drown panic. 

zh-cn	出门戴口罩，勤洗手，勤通风，避免到人多的地方。 
en-us	Recommended behavior includes wearing face masks when going outdoors, washing hands, regularly ventilating, and avoiding going to places where people gather. 

zh-cn	有症状及时处理 
en-us	Timely Disposal with Symptoms 

zh-cn	若确定与新型冠状病毒肺炎病人有过接触，一定要注意自我隔离和防护。 
en-us	Be sure to be self—quarantined, prevented and protected when confirmed to have had contact with NCP patients. 

zh-cn	注意将普通感冒、流感症状与“新型肺炎”做区分，正确就医。 
en-us	Common cold and flu should be distinguished from the NCP in medical symptoms, and correct recognition should be made for effective medical treatment of the latter. 

zh-cn	症状温和（低烧、咳嗽、流鼻涕、无征兆的咽痛等）且没有慢性疾病的病人，可考虑自行隔离，注意做好防护，随时监测病情，若需要，再前往医院进行专门的诊断，尽量避免交叉感染。 
en-us	Patients with mild symptoms (low fever, coughing, nose-running, sore throats without signs, etc.) and with no chronic diseases, can he self—quarantined at home with better protection. Close monitoring of personal physical condition is required before going to a hospital for diagnosis and treatment, where cross—infection is probable and should otherwise he avoided. 

zh-cn	接纳恐惧、紧张、焦虑情绪 
en-us	Embracing Emotions of Fear, Tension and Anxiety 

zh-cn	面对新型冠状病毒肺炎，人们容易出现恐惧、紧张、焦虑等情绪。 这是每个人都会出现的正常情绪反应，不是个人太脆弱或意志力不够坚定。 
en-us	In the face of the NCP, people are prone to emotions of fear, tension and anxiety, which are normal emotional responses everyone may have when facing fatal diseases.They have nothing to do with personal vulnerability or weak willpower. 

zh-cn	应该积极与他人交流，合理宣泄情绪。 
en-us	People should actively communicate with others, venting emotions as such in a reasonable way. 

zh-cn	如静观呼吸练习或冥想，均具有疗愈作用。 
en-us	Contemplation, breathing exercises and meditation are found to have healing effects. 

zh-cn	同时在空气流通的室内，可以做些室内运动，放一些适合室内的有节奏感的音乐，全家人一起跳操等。 
en-us	Meanwhile, indoor—sports, and similar events like family members taking bodybuilding exercises, should be held in well-ventilated rooms, accompanied by the relaxing rhythm of background music, etc. 

zh-cn	与他人多交流，积极寻求心理支持 
en-us	Communication with Others Actively Seeking Psychological Support 

zh-cn	疫情流行时，人们经常会感到自己孤立无援。 
en-us	People often feel isolated and helpless when an epidemic is prevalent. 

zh-cn	这时建议多与朋友交流，相互鼓励，沟通感情，加强心理上的相互支持。 
en-us	At this time, it is suggested communicating with friends, encouraging one another and sharing emotions so as to strengthen mutual psychological support. 

zh-cn	同时要避免无防护的面谈，鼓励通过打电话、上网聊天、发短信等方式进行交流。 
en-us	Unprotected face-to-face communication should be avoided, while chatting via telephones, the Internet and texting, is encouraged. 

zh-cn	发现生活的积极意义，积极行动 
en-us	Finding Positive Meaning of Life and Taking Actions 

zh-cn	要积极地看待生活，善于发现生活的积极意义。 
en-us	Looking at life positively helps to find the positive meaning of life. 

zh-cn	并积极行动起来，该学习就学习，该工作就工作，做自己应该做的事情，并注意放松自己，注意休闲和娱乐。 
en-us	Take active actions to study or work when you want to. Do what you are supposed to do, pay attention to relaxing yourself by means of recreation and entertainment. 

zh-cn	特别要建立良好的生活和卫生习惯，注意良好的饮食，保证睡眠。 
en-us	In particular, it is important to build good habits of living and. hygiene, paying attention to good diet and decent exercise and adequate sleep. 

zh-cn	在疫情得到有效遏制时，也不要盲目乐观、放松警惕、疏于防护。 
en-us	When the outbreak is effectively contained, neither be blindly optimistic about the epidemic situation, nor languish vigilance and neglect prevention and protection. 

zh-cn	寻求专业的心理卫生人员帮助 
en-us	Seek Professional Help from Mental Health Personnel 

zh-cn	当因新型冠状病毒肺炎而出现恐惧、紧张、焦虑等严重应激障碍，或者是因亲人在疫情中病逝而出现创伤后应激障碍时，建议到精神专科医院寻找专业帮助或者拨打心理热线电话。 
en-us	When severe stress disorders of fear, tension and anxiety occur due to the NCP, or post—traumatic stress disorder occurs due to the death of a beloved one in the epidemic, it is highly recommended to resort to professional help from psychiatric hospitals or call a psychological hotline. 

zh-cn	被隔离者的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Quarantined Patients 

zh-cn	突如其来的人身自由限制，可能会造成暂时的慌张、不知所措，出现抱怨、焦虑等情绪，甚至感到沮丧、孤独。比如如何面对“患得患失”？ 
en-us	Sudden restrictions on personal freedom may cause emotions of temporary panic, complaints, anxiety and even depression and loneliness, such as how to face gains and losses? 

zh-cn	中断的工作怎么办？要是真的被感染怎么办？ 
en-us	What about interruptions of work or the timing of being infected? 

zh-cn	如果很难打消这些念头，你可以试着这样做： 
en-us	If it's difficult to get rid of the above emotions and thoughts, the following steps are recommended to take: 

zh-cn	第一步，接纳情绪。 
en-us	Step 1: Embracing such emotions. 

zh-cn	这都是自然反应，不必强求自己保持镇定。 
en-us	They are all natural reactions. Don't try to keep calm. 

zh-cn	第二步，规划作息。 
en-us	Step 2: Scheduling work and rest. 

zh-cn	按时段规律生活作息，如工作时段、休息时段、娱乐时段等。 
en-us	Make schedules in advance, then work and rest accordingly, differentiating work, rest, and recreation, etc. 

zh-cn	第三步，稳定情绪。 
en-us	Step 3: Being emotionally stable. 

zh-cn	我们可以通过以下五点稳定自己的情绪： 
en-us	The following five ways help to calm emotionally: 

zh-cn	1.可能出现慌张、不知所措、焦虑等情绪，不知道自己到底是不是感染了新型冠状病毒。这是很正常的反应，不必强求自己保持镇定，允许情绪的表达和流露。 
en-us	(1)Possible emotions of panic, perplexity and the anxiety of being overwhelmed by the uncertainty of whether one is being infected with the NCP are all very normal responses under an epidemic situation.You don't have to force yourself to keep calm but allow yourself to express and reveal emotions. 

zh-cn	并且告诉自己：我正在医院里，医务人员可以获得最先进的关于疾病的知识，并想尽办法来为我诊断并积极治疗。 
en-us	You need to tell yourself: "I am in the hospital receiving the most advanced knowledge from the medical staff about the disease. They are qualified to try to give me their diagnosis and carry out relevant medical treatment." 

zh-cn	保持与外界的沟通或记录自己的情绪日志。 
en-us	Maintain communications with the outside world or write blogs to record emotions. 

zh-cn	2.可能会感到愤怒，因而抱怨，觉得自己很倒霉。 
en-us	(2)You may feel so angry that you complain and feel unlucky. 

zh-cn	可以向家人求助，也可以向医务人员寻求帮助。 
en-us	You can turn to your family and to the medical staff for help. 

zh-cn	家人温暖的陪伴，即使只是理解的眼神、温暖的手都是有力量的。 
en-us	The warm company of your family, even an understanding eye contact or warm hands is powerful. 

zh-cn	在隔离区，是医务人员在不远处默默地陪伴和坚守，与病人并肩作战。 
en-us	In the quarantine zone, it is the medical staff who silently accompany you. They stand fast in the near distance and, fight side by side with the epidemic patients. 

zh-cn	3.感到沮丧、孤独。 
en-us	(3)You may feel depressed and lonely. 

zh-cn	在保证安全和正确接收治疗的情况下，适当向自己的家人打电话倾诉。 
en-us	You are advised, under the condition of ensuring safety and correctly receiving treatment, to talk on the phone with your family appropriately. 

zh-cn	保持与外界的沟通和联系，告诉自己不是孤立无援的，有家人和很多朋友在关心自己、爱自己，他们即使不在身边，也会在心里陪伴自己渡过难关。 
en-us	Keep in touch with the outside world and tell yourself that you are not alone, with family members and friends caring about you and loving you. Even if they are not around you, they will pray in their heart for you to safely go through the difficulty. 

zh-cn	在自己可以活动的范围里进行一些积极的活动，如听一些音乐，看一些有趣的视频，适当地进行身体的放松。 
en-us	Activities can be done within your range, such as listening to music, watching some interesting videos and relaxing your body appropriately. 

zh-cn	可以在放松的音乐中进行自我想象练习，或回忆自己曾经去过的最安静美好的地方，保持身体和心灵的宁静和放松。 
en-us	You are advised to practice your imagination in relaxing music, or you may recall the quietest and most beautiful places you have ever been to, in order to keep your body and mind in peace and relaxation. 

zh-cn	这可进一步调动我们身体中抵御外来入侵的能力，让自己更强大，增强对抗疾病和危机的能力。 
en-us	This can further mobilize our body's capability of resisting external invasion, making us feel stronger in heart and increasing our ability to combat disease and cope with crisis. 

zh-cn	4.保持对他人的关怀。 
en-us	(4) Keep caring about others. 

zh-cn	即使在隔离的空间内，你也可能成为一个助人者，能够找到帮助他人的办法。 
en-us	Even in an isolated room, you can become a helper, capable of finding ways to help others. 

zh-cn	也许你的治疗经验可以为家人和朋友提供很多有价值的借鉴，甚至会帮助到其他疑似病人，成为在医院内稳定心态，积极对抗疾病的重要力量。 
en-us	Perhaps your treatment experience can be taken as valuable lessons by family members and friends, and even become helpful for other suspected patients. You may play a very important role in stabilizing emotions of others, like patients and medical staff in the hospital, helping to actively combat the disease within the hospital. 

zh-cn	助人是获得愉快感和自我价值感的重要途径，你也会因此赢得更多人的尊重和感激！ 
en-us	Helping others is an important way leading to a sense of pleasure and self—value, which will earn you respect as well as gratitude from more people. 

zh-cn	5.获取来源权威的内外部资讯，避免不必要的恐慌。 
en-us	(5) Obtain internal and external information from authoritative resources to avoid panic. 

zh-cn	被隔离者家属的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Family Members of the Quarantined Patients 

zh-cn	保持微信和电话联系 
en-us	Keep in Touch via WeChat and Phone 

zh-cn	被隔离者在隔离初期，心里会比较焦虑，担心变成家里的负担，心里充满伤悲，可能由此不愿主动联系家人。 
en-us	In the early phase of quarantine, patients will be more anxious about becoming a burden to the family, filling their hearts with sadness. They become, thereafter, reluctant to take the initiative to contact their family members. 

zh-cn	所以家属要多和他们联系，鼓励他们，倾听他们的心声，但是不要对他们的情绪反应给出太多的判断或者过多的解释。 
en-us	Therefore, family members should contact them regularly, encouraging them and listening to their inner voices, without giving too much judgment or excessive explanation to their emotional response. 

zh-cn	分享家庭近况 
en-us	Share Family Updates 

zh-cn	分享家庭近况以及自己是怎么做的，让被隔离者放心，踏踏实实在医院治病。 
en-us	Share your family updates and what you have done to reassure the quarantined patients to stay in the hospital to receive treatment. 

zh-cn	提供精神鼓励 
en-us	Provide Spiritual Encouragement 

zh-cn	需要为他们培养更多的精神需求，比如以前他们喜欢看的书或者电影、喜欢听的音乐等。 
en-us	More spiritual needs of patients should be met with and cultivated, such as reading books, watching movies or listening to music they like before being quarantined. 

zh-cn	如果条件允许，你还可以尝试在电话这头哄着他们入睡，让他们感觉到爱的流动，以此平静心态。 
en-us	If conditions permit, you may call them and try to calm them down and make them fall asleep while letting them into the flow of your love. 

zh-cn	关注自身精神压力 
en-us	Being Concerned with Your Own Mental Stress 

zh-cn	如果此时你的情绪不太好，那么你需要先关注自己的心理需求，可以寻求专业的心理帮助。 
en-us	If you are in a bad mood at the moment, you need to pay the first attention to the psychological needs of your own. 

zh-cn	或者找一个值得信赖的朋友倾诉，只有这样你才能更好地支持被隔离的亲人。 
en-us	You may also ask for professional psychological help, or resort to a friend you confide in to voice your heart. Only in this way can you better support your quarantined relatives. 

zh-cn	确诊患者的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Confirmed Patients 

zh-cn	对于疾病，有的人会有一些情绪反应，如开始的否认与愤怒，之后的抑郁、无助，到最后的求助。这是可以理解的，是人之常情。 
en-us	It is human nature and understandable that people have some emotional reactions toward illnesses, such as denial and anger at the beginning, followed by depression, helplessness and last resorts afterwards. 

zh-cn	患者需要先意识到自己处于这种情绪状态里面了，情绪可以通过合理的通道表达出来。 
en-us	Patients need, first of all, to be aware of the emotional state where they are caught and realize that emotions can be expressed in reasonable channels. 

zh-cn	每个人都想要好起来。 
en-us	Everyone wants to recover and get better. 

zh-cn	可以想想如何调动自己、家人、医院的资源帮助自己。 
en-us	Therefore, please think about how to motivate yourself, your family members and resources in hospitals to help you out of trouble. 

zh-cn	化焦虑为动力 
en-us	Convert Anxiety into Motivation 

zh-cn	对于有些焦虑的患者，如果肺功能允许，可以做一些深呼吸的练习。 
en-us	For some anxious patients, deep breathing exercises can be taken, with lung function permitting. 

zh-cn	更多氧气的吸入和更多废气的呼出对于身体有更多好处，而舒缓的呼吸节律也能帮助神经更加的放松，较好地恢复身体和心理弹性。 
en-us	Breathing in more oxygen and exhaling more waste gas are proved to be more beneficial to people's health, with the slow breathing rhythm helping with the relaxation of nerves, and the recovery of physical and mental resilience. 

zh-cn	听一些放松的音乐，做一些冥想和身体放松练习对有呼吸问题的患者则更为有益。 
en-us	Listening to some relaxing music, doing meditation and physical relaxation exercises can be even more beneficial to people with breathing problems. 

zh-cn	适当地向家人倾诉也能缓解部分焦虑情绪。 
en-us	Talking to family members appropriately can also relieve emotions of anxiety to some extent. 

zh-cn	你不是一个人在战斗 
en-us	You're not Combating Alone 

zh-cn	对于有些抑郁的患者，调动对生命的希望和活力是更为重要的。 
en-us	For some depressed patients, it is even more important to mobilize hope and vitality for life. 

zh-cn	更多的家人和医务人员的理解与共情，会让患者感受到更多的温暖，肯定自身的生命价值，对于家人和社会都是有帮助的。 
en-us	The understanding and empathy of more family members and medical staff will make patients feel the warmth of being cared for and being affirmed of their own life value. This will be helpful to their families and the society. 

zh-cn	你不是一个人在战斗，有家人和朋友和你在一起，有无数的医务人员夜以继日的陪伴和奋斗。 
en-us	You're not alone in combating your illness, but with family members and friends and numerous medical staff working for you day and night. 

zh-cn	了解一些被确诊但最终治愈的病例，可以建立对治愈疾病的信心。 
en-us	Equip yourself with information about some confirmed but cured cases, and it will help build up your confidence in curing the disease. 

zh-cn	合理宣泄内心的愤怒情绪 
en-us	Express Your Anger in a Reasonable Way 

zh-cn	对于有些愤怒的患者，适当的宣泄和释放是有益处的。 
en-us	For some angry patients, appropriate venting and release can be beneficial. 

zh-cn	如果呼吸尚不受限，可以进行短吸长呼的呼吸练习，把愤怒用呼气努力吐出去。 
en-us	If breathing is not limited, they are advised to take practices of short and long breathing and exhaling in order to exhale out the anger. 

zh-cn	如果呼吸受限，也可以自己的想象，想象愤怒像气球从前胸飘出身体，把它放在离你较远的距离，看着它逐渐充满并最终爆掉，让那些愤怒释放出去。 
en-us	If breathing is limited, please imagine that the anger flows like a balloon, out from your front chest. Put it in ihe place far from you, and see in your imagination it growing big enough to explode ultimately.It is like your anger releasing out from you. 

zh-cn	如果可能的话，可以跟家人及朋友电话沟通，也可以请医务人员陪你一会儿，听你说说话。 
en-us	If possible, talk with your family members and friends via phone, or ask for a short time of accompany by medical staff, listening to you voicing your heart. 

zh-cn	当愤怒离开你的心里或者消解，你就可以更客观冷静，调理身体和心理状态，配合医务人员更有效的治疗自己。 
en-us	Only when anger leaves your heart or dissipates can you be more objective and calmer to regulate your physical and mental states, and cooperate with medical personnel to treat yourself more effectively. 

zh-cn	老年人的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Elderly 

zh-cn	老年人较其他人群抵抗力更弱、免疫力更差，更易受病毒感染。 
en-us	Older people are weaker in immune systems than other populations and are more susceptible to the virus. 

zh-cn	从身体上进行防护固然很重要，心理护卫也不可缺少。 
en-us	While physical protection is important, psychological protection is also indispensable. 

zh-cn	双管齐下，老年人也能打赢这次疫情攻坚战。 
en-us	With both approaches, the elderly can also win the battle against the epidemic. 

zh-cn	下面我们从心理学角度，倡议老年朋友们从五个方面开展心理防护工作。 
en-us	From the five perspectives of psychology, the elderly friends are recommended to carry out their psychological protection work. 

zh-cn	保持心情平静愉悦，享受与家人亲密接触的时光 
en-us	Being Peaceful and Joyful and Enjoy the Time Cuddling Up with Your Family 

zh-cn	病毒致病，不良情绪也致病。 
en-us	The virus can cause the disease, so does bad mood. 

zh-cn	越是在特殊时期越要努力保持心情平静、愉悦。 
en-us	The tougher the special period you are caught in, the more peaceful and. joyful you should try to be. 

zh-cn	一旦心情平静快乐就为疾病设下了防护墙。 
en-us	Once you are peaceful in heart and calm in mind, they are like protecting walls to cut off diseases. 

zh-cn	宅家可以做自己喜欢做、擅长做的事情。比如，烧自己的拿手菜、做女红、画画、练书法、读书等。 
en-us	Being asked to stay at home provides us with time to do what we like and are good at as well, for instance, cooking specialty dishes, doing needlework, painting, practicing calligraphy, and reading. 

zh-cn	享受与儿女一起宅家，一家老小其乐融融团聚的美好时光。 
en-us	Enjoy the sweet time staying at home and cuddling up with parents and children. 

zh-cn	寻求专业帮助，提高科学防护和应对意识 
en-us	Resort to Professional Help and Raise Awareness of Scientific Protection and Response 

zh-cn	相信科学应对方法，相信科学专业支持和援助。 
en-us	Believe in scientific solutions and believe in professional support and assistance. 

zh-cn	建议收听和收看广播、电视、权威专业平台信息，留意事实和数据，根据事实，判定自己的担忧是否合理（如发病率、治愈率、医疗方法的发展、新的药物等），以减少不必要的焦虑与紧张。 
en-us	It is recommended that you listen to the radio, watch TV, and have access to authoritative professional platforms for information and data. Determine whether your concerns are justified, based on facts (like incidence rate, recovery rate, developments of medicare methods and new medicines), to reduce anxiety and tension. 

zh-cn	学会使用智能工具，积极寻求社会支持 
en-us	Learn to Use Smart Tools and Actively Seek Social Support

zh-cn	学会使用智能手机、电脑等设备，保持或主动恢复与亲友、老朋友、老同事的线上联系，与他们互诉心事，聊家常、聊日常，不仅可增进亲密关系，还可获得适当的关心和帮助，化解内心的担忧，也能给予对方支持和关爱，增进联系与友谊。 
en-us	Learn to use smart phones, computers and other devices to maintain or take the initiative to resume online contact with family members, old friends and colleagues, telling each other what's on their minds, and chatting about trivial things in life. This communication helps to not only improve close relations by offering support and love, but also resolve internal worries by harvesting appropriate care and assistance. All of this furthers affiliation and friendship. 

zh-cn	接纳现状，适当表达情绪，科学调节情绪 
en-us	Accept the Current Situation, Expressing Emotions Properly and Regulating Them Scientifically 

zh-cn	在疫情未得到控制的情况下，无论我们生病与否，我们都可能会出现焦虑、紧张、恐惧、自责、愤怒、冷漠等情绪。 
en-us	Whether we get infected or not, we're likely to experience emotions of anxiety, tension, fear, guilt, anger, apathy, etc.before the epidemic is under control. 

zh-cn	如果你有这些负性情绪，坚信这不是你的错。 
en-us	If you are caught in the above negative emotions, you need to make it clear that it is not your fault. 

zh-cn	要学会通过聊天、绘画、写作、唱歌、记日记、摄影等方式表达出来。 
en-us	Learn to express ourselves through chatting, painting, writing, singing, keeping a diary, photographing, etc. 

zh-cn	同时也可以通过自我对话、转移注意、积极暗示和感恩等方式调节自己的情绪。 
en-us	Meanwhile, we can also adjust and regulate our mood by ways of self—talk, distractions, positive suggestion and gratitude. 

zh-cn	规律生活、适当运动，增强自身免疫力 
en-us	Enhance Immunity through Regular Life and Appropriate Exercise 

zh-cn	放松心情，不紧张，保持和平时一样的作息和生活规律； 
en-us	Maintain regular work and rest habits as relaxation of mind but with no tension in heart. 

zh-cn	多喝水，适当运动； 
en-us	Drink plenty of water and maintain appropriate exercise. 

zh-cn	尽量做到生活自理，把适度的家务看作是另一种形式的体育锻炼。 
en-us	Try to live on your own and consider moderate housework as another form of physical exercise. 

zh-cn	做好身体状况的自我观察、自我照顾和自我负责，出现症状及时寻求帮助。 
en-us	Be more aware of your physical condition and manage yourself with self-care and self—responsibility. Seek help when symptoms appear. 

zh-cn	尽量减少外出，必须外出时请戴好口罩。 
en-us	Minimize going out, and wear a mask before you have to. 

zh-cn	勤洗澡、勤洗手。 
en-us	Take showers and wash your hands carefully. 

zh-cn	室内常通风。 
en-us	Keep rooms ventilated. 

zh-cn	做好个人公共卫生。 
en-us	Pay attention to personal and public health. 

zh-cn	内增免疫力，外降被感染概率。 
en-us	In a word, you need to enhance your immunity internally while reduce the probability of infection externally. 

zh-cn	一线医护人员的心理调适方法 
en-us	Psychological Adjustment Methods for the Frontline Medical Staff 

zh-cn	由于环境的特殊性，一线的救援人员不仅要承担沉重的救援任务，也要承受巨大心理压力。 
en-us	The particularity of the medical care environment results in the fact that the frontline rescuers not only have to take up the heavy rescue task, but also have to bear huge psychological pressure. 

zh-cn	新型冠状病毒肺炎的突然爆发，导致医疗机构负担增加，医护人员暂时短缺，工作环境发生巨大变化。 
en-us	The sudden outbreak of the NCP has led to increased burdens on medical institutions, shortages of medical staff and dramatic changes of working conditions. 

zh-cn	由于处于应急救援状态中，工作时间明显延长，医护人员缺乏休息； 
en-us	As a result of being in emergency rescue state, the working hours are so prolonged that the medical staff lack decent rest. 

zh-cn	救援物资的暂时紧缺，以及多重防护带来的各种不便，也增加了他们的心理压力。 
en-us	Temporary shortages of relief supplies and the inconveniences of multiple prevention and protection have also added to their psychological stress. 

zh-cn	作为一名施助者，关注自己的身心健康状况很重要。 
en-us	As a rescuer, it's of paramount importance to pay attention to your health, physically and mentally. 

zh-cn	明确自身价值 
en-us	Know of Your Value 

zh-cn	如果能将社会上的积极评价转化为自己的理念和价值，就会获得职业的神圣感，从而充分意识到自身价值，为自己增添信心和勇气。 
en-us	If you can convert the positive evaluation of the society into your own ideas and values, you will gain the sense of career sanctity, so that you can fully realize your own value and increase your confidence and courage. 

zh-cn	及时疏泄情绪 
en-us	Timely Catharsis of Emotions 

zh-cn	在面对危机事件时，出现负性情绪是正常的。 
en-us	Negative emotions are normally expressions in the face of crisis events. 

zh-cn	允许自己出现负面情绪，并及时察觉与调整。 
en-us	Allow yourself to experience negative emotions, and present yourself to self—recognizing and adjustment in a timely manner. 

zh-cn	与同事之间相互支持，适时地将自己的感觉和经验与同事讨论和分享； 
en-us	Support one another and discuss and share your feelings and experiences with colleagues. 

zh-cn	与同事相互鼓励、打气，相互肯定； 
en-us	Encourage and affirm one another with colleagues. 

zh-cn	完善自己的社会支持系统，与家人和朋友保持联系。 
en-us	Develop your social support system to stay in touch with family and friends. 

zh-cn	情绪疏泄的方法 
en-us	Methods of Emotional Catharsis 

zh-cn	1.活泼发泄法。 
en-us	(1)Active venting method. 

zh-cn	由于新型冠状病毒传播途径的特殊性，医护人员在生活区也处于隔离状态，活动空间较为局限 
en-us	Due to the particularity of the transmission route of the new coronavirus, the living quarters of medical staff are also isolated with activity space relatively limited. 

zh-cn	这就需要医护人员寻找一些适宜的活动，丰富业余生活，比如踢毽子、跳绳、散步等，提高机体抵抗力，还可以与同事相互沟通、相互鼓励。 
en-us	Therefore, it is necessary for medical staff to find some suitable activities to diversify their spare-time life, such as, shuttlecock kicking, rope skipping and walking, which can not only enhance bodily resistance hut also provide opportunity to communicate and encourage with each other. 

zh-cn	2.转移注意法。 
en-us	(2)Attention transference. 

zh-cn	音乐具有明显的调节情绪的功能。 
en-us	Music has an obvious function of regulating emotions. 

zh-cn	节奏明快有力的旋律可以使人振奋；优美悠扬的旋律能够让人进入轻松愉快的心境。 
en-us	A brisk and powerful melody can he uplifting; beautiful rhythm can help people to be immersed in a relaxed and happy state of mind. 

zh-cn	除此之外，还可采用一些放松技术，如呼吸调节技术、肌肉渐进放松技术、想象放松技术等，以达到放松身心的目的。 
en-us	In addition, some relaxation techniques can be employed to realize physical and mental relaxation, such as respiratory regulation techniques, techniques of relaxing muscles progressively and techniques of relaxation via imagination. 

zh-cn	学会积极认知 
en-us	Learn Positive Cognition 

zh-cn	面对患者出现的不理解、不配合治疗，医护人员要充分理解患者. 
en-us	When facing patients' incomprehension and lack of cooperation in treatment, medical staff should fully understand them. 

zh-cn	不要将患者的不满看作是对自己的不满，不要因此来责备自己，增加自身的心理压力。 
en-us	Do not regard patients' dissatisfaction as the dissatisfaction with you, thereby to blame themselves and increase their own psychological pressure. 

zh-cn	要告诉自己，患者的等待是必须的，你没有办法一次性照顾到所有患者。 
en-us	Tell yourself that patients have to wait since you cannot care for them all at the same time. 

zh-cn	要肯定自己所做的每一个医疗活动、每一次医疗救援、每一个医疗处置都是有价值的。 
en-us	You need to affirm that every medical activity you have done, every medical rescue and every medical treatment is of value. 

zh-cn	注意休息和饮食 
en-us	Pay Attention to Your Rest and Diet 

zh-cn	在危机事件发生后，一线医护人员无论是工作量还是工作时间都明显增加。 
en-us	The occurrence of crisis events leads to increase both in workloads and working hours as well. 

zh-cn	在救援过程中生理需求的满足是处理危机的必要条件。 
en-us	To meet the medical staffs physiological needs is a requirement for coping with how to deal the crisis. 

zh-cn	医护人员要注意休息，不管自己是不是有胃口，每天需要定时定量地进食。 
en-us	Medical staff should pay attention to their rest, eat regularly and quantitatively every day, no matter whether they have appetite or not. 

zh-cn	寻求专业帮助 
en-us	Seek Professional Help 

zh-cn	医护人员在向社会提供医护帮助的同时也需要得到心理上的支持和帮助。 
en-us	Medical staff, who provide medical help for the society, need to be supported and helped mentally. 

zh-cn	每天抽出时间与家人和朋友通过电话或微信进行交流。 
en-us	Take time out every day to communicate with family and friends via phone or WeChat. 

zh-cn	分享和分担工作中的喜与忧是必不可少的。 
en-us	It is indispensable to share joys and sorrows in work. 

zh-cn	获得的情感支持是维护心理健康的重要资源。 
en-us	Emotional support is an important resource to maintain mental health. 

zh-cn	必要的时候可以求助于专业心理治疗师或精神科医师。 
en-us	Seek help from a professional psychotherapist or psychiatrist if necessary. 