en-us	Home care for patients with COVID-19 presenting with mild symptoms and management of their contacts
zh-cn	症状轻微的疑似新型冠状病毒（ COVID-19 ）感染者的家庭护理及其接触者管理

en-us	WHO has developed this interim guidance to meet the need for recommendations on safe home care for patients with suspected COVID-19 who present with mild symptoms a and on public health measures related to the management of their contacts.
zh-cn	这份快速建议 由世卫组织编写，以满足对症状轻微的 1 疑似新型冠状病毒（ COVID-19 ）感染者的安全家庭护理以及与接触者管理相关的公共卫生措施建议的需求。

en-us	This document was adapted from the interim guidance on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection that was published in June 2018 1 and is informed by evidence-based guidelines published by WHO, including Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory diseases in health care, 2 and based on current information on COVID-19.
zh-cn	本文件改编自 2018 年 6 月发布的针对中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（ MERS-CoV ）感染的临时指导文件 (1) ，参考了世卫组织发布的循证指南，包括《卫生保健中易流行和大流行的急性呼吸道感染的感染预防和控制》(2) ，并以关于 COVID-19 感染的现有信息为基础。

en-us	This rapid advice has been updated with the latest information and is intended to guide public health and infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, health care managers and health care workers (HCWs) when addressing issues related to home care for patients with suspected COVID-19 who present with mild symptoms and when managing their contacts.
zh-cn	这项快速建议旨在指导公共卫生和感染预防与控制专业人员、卫生保健管理者和卫生保健工作者解决与症状轻微的疑似 COVID-19 感染者的家庭护理相关的问题，并对接触者进行管理。

en-us	This guidance is based on evidence about COVID-19 and the feasibility of implementing IPC measures at home.
zh-cn	本指导文件基于关于COVID-19 感染的证据和在家中实施感染预防和控制措施的可行性。

en-us	For the purpose of this document, “caregivers” refers to parents, spouses, and other family members or friends without formal health care training.
zh-cn	就本文件而言，看护者是指未经正式卫生保健培训的父母、配偶、其他家庭成员或朋友。

en-us	Mild illness may include: uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. Rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting.
zh-cn	轻微症状包括低烧、咳嗽、不适、鼻溢或喉咙痛，无任何危险信号，如呼吸急促或呼吸困难、呼吸频率加快（咯痰或咯血 ) 、胃肠症状（如恶心、呕吐和 / 或腹泻），没有精神状态方面的变化（如意识模糊或昏睡）。

en-us	Home care for patients with suspected COVID-19 who present with mild symptoms
zh-cn	症状轻微的疑似 COVID-19 感染者的家庭护理

en-us	For those presenting with mild illness, hospitalization may not be possible because of the burden on the health care system, or required unless there is concern about rapid deterioration.
zh-cn	就症状轻微的患者而言，除非担心病情迅速恶化，否则可能不需要住院治疗 (3) 。

en-us	If there are patients with only mild illness, providing care at home may be considered.
zh-cn	如果只是轻症，可以考虑在家提供护理。

en-us	In any of these situations, patients with mild symptoms and without underlying chronic conditions − such as lung or heart disease, renal failure, or immunocompromising conditions that place the patient at increased risk of developing complications − may be cared for at home.
zh-cn	在这些情况下，症状轻微且没有肺或心脏疾病、肾衰竭或免疫功能低下等会加大其罹患并发症风险的基础性慢性疾病的患者可以在家接受护理。

en-us	This decision requires careful clinical judgment and should be informed by an assessment of the safety of the patient’s home environment.
zh-cn	这一决定需要审慎的临床判断，并应考虑患者的家庭环境安全性评估  。

en-us	WHO recommends that all persons with suspected COVID-19 who have severe acute respiratory infection be triaged at the first point of contact with the health care system and that emergency treatment should be started based on disease severity.
zh-cn	鉴于目前关于该疾病及其传播的数据，世卫组织建议，所有疑似感染 COVID-19 的严重急性呼吸道感染患者应在与卫生保健系统接触的第一时间进行分类，并根据疾病严重程度开始紧急治疗。

en-us	In cases in which care is to be provided at home, if and where feasible, a trained HCW should conduct an assessment to verify whether the residential setting is suitable for providing care;
zh-cn	在需要提供家庭护理的情况下，受过培训的卫生保健工作者应进行评估，以核实居住环境是否适合提供护理；

en-us	the HCW must assess whether the patient and the family are capable of adhering to the precautions that will be recommended as part of home care isolation (e.g., hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, environmental cleaning, limitations on movement around or from the house) and can address safety concerns (e.g., accidental ingestion of and fire hazards associated with using alcohol-based hand rubs).
zh-cn	卫生保健工作者必须评估患者及其家人是否能够遵守将作为家庭护理隔离措施的一部分推荐的预防措施（例如，手卫生、呼吸卫生、环境清洁、限制在室内或室外活动），是否能够解决安全问题（例如，与使用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液有关的意外摄入和火灾危险）。

en-us	If and where feasible, a communication link with health care provider or public health personnel, or both, should be established for the duration of the home care period – that is, until the patient’s symptoms have completely resolved.
zh-cn	在整个家庭护理期间 —— 即直至患者的症状完全得到解决 —— 应与卫生保健提供者或公共卫生工作人员或二者建立沟通联系。

en-us	More comprehensive information about COVID-19 and its transmission is required to define the duration of home isolation precautions.
zh-cn	需要关于 COVID-19 感染和传播模式的更全面信息来确定家庭隔离预防措施的持续时间。

en-us	Patients and household members should be educated about personal hygiene, basic IPC measures, and how to care as safely as possible for the person suspected of having COVID- 19 to prevent the infection from spreading to household contacts.
zh-cn	此外，患者及其家属应接受个人卫生、基本的感染预防和控制措施、如何尽可能安全地护理疑似感染COVID-19 疾病的家庭成员以防家庭接触者被感染方面的教育。

en-us	The patient and household members should be provided with ongoing support and education, and monitoring should continue for the duration of home care.
zh-cn	应向患者及其家庭提供持续的支持和教育，并且在家庭护理期间持续进行监测。

en-us	Household members should adhere to the following recommendations.
zh-cn	患者及其家庭应遵循以下建议。

en-us	Place the patient  in  a  well-ventilated  single  room  (i.e.  with open windows and an open door).
zh-cn	将患者置于通风良好的单间（将门窗打开）。

en-us	Limit the movement of the patient in the house and minimize shared space.
zh-cn	限制患者在室内的活动，尽量减少共享空间。

en-us	Ensure  that  shared  spaces  (e.g. kitchen, bathroom) are well ventilated (keep windows open).
zh-cn	确保共享空间（如厨房、浴室）通风良好（如保持窗户打开）。

en-us	Household members should stay in a different room or, if that is not possible, maintain a distance of at least 1 metre from the ill person (e.g. sleep in a separate bed).c
zh-cn	家庭成员应待在另一房间，如果不可能，应与病人保持至少1米的距离（例如睡在另一张床上）  。

en-us	Limit the number of caregivers.
zh-cn	限制看护者的人数。

en-us	Ideally, assign one person who is in good health and has no underlying chronic or immunocompromising conditions.
zh-cn	最好是指定一个健康状况良好且无基础性慢性疾病或免疫功能低下情况的人看护患者。

en-us	Visitors should not be allowed until the patient has completely recovered and has no signs or symptoms of COVID-19.
zh-cn	应谢绝访客，直至患者完全康复并且没有任何迹象和症状。

en-us	Perform hand hygiene after any type of contact with patients or their immediate environment.
zh-cn	在与患者或其周围环境进行任何形式的接触后应采取手卫生措施(4)。

en-us	Hand hygiene should also be performed before and after preparing food, before eating, after using the toilet, and whenever hands look dirty.
zh-cn	在准备食物之前和之后、吃饭前、上厕所后以及手显得脏的时候也应采取手卫生措施。

en-us	If hands are not visibly dirty, an alcohol-based hand rub can be used.
zh-cn	如果手没有明显弄脏，可以使用含酒精成分的免洗洗手液。

en-us	For visibly dirty hands, use soap and water.
zh-cn	在手明显弄脏时，使用肥皂和水。

en-us	When washing hands with soap and water, it is preferable to use disposable paper towels to dry hands.
zh-cn	 在使用肥皂和水洗手时，用一次性纸巾擦干手是可取的。

en-us	If these are not available, use clean cloth towels and replace them frequently.
zh-cn	如果没有纸巾，可使用干净的毛巾，并在毛巾变湿时更换。

en-us	To contain respiratory secretions, a medical maskd should be provided to the patient and worn as much as possible, and changed daily.
zh-cn	 为了控制呼吸道分泌物，应该向患者提供医用口罩 4 ，并尽可能佩戴。

en-us	Individuals who cannot tolerate a medical mask should use rigorous respiratory hygiene; that is, the mouth and nose should be covered with a disposable paper tissue when coughing or sneezing.
zh-cn	不能忍受医用口罩的人应该采取严格的呼吸卫生做法，也就是说，在咳嗽或打喷嚏时，应该用一次性纸巾遮住口鼻。

en-us	Materials used to cover the mouth and nose should be discarded or cleaned appropriately after use (e.g. wash handkerchiefs using regular soap or detergent and water).
zh-cn	用来遮住口鼻的东西应在使用后丢弃或适当清洗（例如，用普通肥皂或清洁剂和水清洗手帕）。

en-us	Caregivers should wear a medical mask that covers their mouth and nose when in the same room as the patient.
zh-cn	看护者在与患者同处一室时，应佩戴用来遮住口鼻的紧贴面部的医用口罩。

en-us	Masks should not be touched or handled during use.
zh-cn	在使用过程中不应触摸或摆弄口罩。

en-us	If the mask gets wet or dirty from secretions, it must be replaced  immediately  with  a  new  clean,  dry    mask.
zh-cn	如果口罩被分泌物弄湿或弄脏，必须立即换上干净、干燥的新口罩。

en-us	Remove the mask using the appropriate technique – that is, do not touch the front, but instead untie it.
zh-cn	应采用适当的方法取下口罩——也就是说，不要触摸口罩正面，而是解开口罩。

en-us	Discard the mask immediately after use and perform hand hygiene.
zh-cn	使用后应立即丢弃口罩，并采取手卫生措施。

en-us	Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions, and stool.
zh-cn	避免直接接触体液，尤其是口腔或呼吸道分泌物以及粪便。

en-us	Use disposable gloves and a mask when providing oral or respiratory care and when handling stool, urine, and other waste.
zh-cn	在进行口腔或呼吸道护理以及处理粪便、尿液和其它废物时，应使用一次性手套和口罩。

en-us	Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves and the mask.
zh-cn	在取下手套和口罩之前和之后应采取手卫生措施。

en-us	Do not reuse masks or gloves.
zh-cn	不要重复使用口罩或手套。

en-us	Use dedicated linen and eating utensils for the patient;
zh-cn	患者应有专用的床上用品和餐具；

en-us	these items should be cleaned with soap and water after use and may be re-used instead of being discarded.
zh-cn	这些物品在使用后应该用肥皂和水进行清洗，并且可以重复使用而不是丢弃。

en-us	Daily clean and disinfect surfaces that are frequently touched in the room where the patient is being cared for, such as bedside tables, bedframes, and other bedroom furniture.
zh-cn	应对病人所在房间内日常接触的表面进行清洁和消毒，如床头柜、床架和其它卧室家具。

en-us	Regular household soap or detergent should be used first for cleaning, and then, after rinsing, regular household disinfectant containing 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (i.e. equivalent to 1000 ppm) should be applied.
zh-cn	先用普通家用肥皂或清洁剂进行清洁，然后，在冲洗后，使用含有 0.5%次氯酸钠的普通家用消毒剂（即相当于 5000 pm或 1份消毒剂 5 兑 9 份水）进行消毒。

en-us	Clean and disinfect bathroom and toilet surfaces at least once daily.
zh-cn	每天至少对浴室和卫生间的表面进行一次清洁和消毒。

en-us	Regular household soap or detergent should be used first for cleaning, and then, after rinsing, regular household disinfectant containing 0.1% sodium hypochlorite should be applied.
zh-cn	先用普通家用肥皂或清洁剂进行清洁，然后，在冲洗后，使用含有0.5%次氯酸钠的普通家用消毒剂进行消毒 5 。

en-us	Clean the patient’s clothes, bed linen, and bath and hand towels using regular laundry soap and water or machine wash at 60–90 °C (140–194 °F) with common household detergent, and dry thoroughly.
zh-cn	使用普通洗衣皂和水清洗患者的衣服、床上用品、浴巾和手巾等，或用普通家用洗涤剂在 60-90℃的温度条件下进行机洗，并彻底烘干。

en-us	Place contaminated linen into a laundry bag.
zh-cn	将被污染的床上用品放入洗衣袋中。

en-us	Do not shake soiled laundry and avoid contaminated materials coming into contact with skin and clothes.
zh-cn	不要摇晃要洗的脏衣服，避免皮肤和衣服与污染物接触。

en-us	Gloves and protective clothing (e.g. plastic aprons) should be used when cleaning surfaces or handling clothing or linen soiled with body fluids.
zh-cn	清洁表面或处理被体液弄脏的衣物或床上用品时，应使用手套和防护服（如塑料围裙）。

en-us	Depending on the context, either utility or single-use gloves can be used.
zh-cn	根据具体情况，可以使用实用手套或一次性手套。

en-us	After use, utility gloves should be cleaned with soap and water and decontaminated with 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution.
zh-cn	使用后，应使用肥皂和水清洗实用手套，并用0.5%的次氯酸钠溶液进行消毒。

en-us	Single-use gloves (e.g. nitrile or latex) should be discarded after each use.
zh-cn	一次性手套（如橡胶或乳胶手套）应在每次使用后丢弃。

en-us	Perform hand hygiene before putting on and after removing gloves.
zh-cn	在取下手套之前和之后应采取手卫生措施。

en-us	Gloves, masks, and other waste generated during home care should be placed into a waste bin with a lid in the patient’s room before disposing of it as infectious waste.
zh-cn	手套、口罩和家庭护理过程中产生的其它废物在作为传染性废物处理之前，应放入患者房间里带盖的垃圾箱中 。

en-us	Avoid other types of exposure to contaminated items from the patient’s immediate environment (e.g. do not share toothbrushes, cigarettes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths, or bed linen).
zh-cn	避免与患者周围环境中的被污染物品有任何其它形式的接触（例如，不要共用牙刷、香烟、餐具、盘子、饮料、毛巾、浴巾或床上用品）。

en-us	When HCWs provide home care, they should perform a risk assessment to select the appropriate personal protective equipment and follow the recommendations for droplet and contact precautions.
zh-cn	卫生保健工作者在提供家庭护理时应进行风险评估，以选择合适的个人防护装备，并遵循飞沫和接触预防措施方面的建议。

en-us	An exception may be made for breastfeeding mothers.
zh-cn	进行母乳喂养的母亲可以例外。

en-us	Considering the benefits of breastfeeding and the insignificant role of breast milk in the transmission of other respiratory viruses, a mother could can continue breastfeeding.
zh-cn	考虑到母乳喂养有好处并且母乳在其它呼吸道病毒传播中的作用微不足道，母亲可以继续进行母乳喂养。

en-us	The mother should wear a medical mask when she is near her baby and perform hand hygiene before and after having close contact with the baby. She will also need to follow the other hygiene measures described in this document.
zh-cn	母亲在靠近婴儿时应佩戴医用口罩，并且在与婴儿密切接触之前和之后应采取手卫生措施。

en-us	For mild laboratory confirmed patients who are cared for at home, to be released from home isolation, cases must test negative using PCR testing twice from samples collected at least 24 hours apart. Where testing is not possible, WHO recommends that confirmed patients remain isolated for an additional two weeks after symptoms resolve.
zh-cn	她还需要遵循本文件中描述的其它卫生措施。

en-us	Medical masks are surgical or procedure masks that are flat or pleated (some are shaped like a cup); they are held in place by strings that tie around the back of the head.
zh-cn	医用口罩是平坦的或打褶的外科或手术口罩（有些形状像杯子）。 它们通过绑在脑后的绳子固定在适当的位置。

en-us	Management of contacts
zh-cn	接触者管理

en-us	Persons (including caregivers and HCWs) who have been exposed to individuals with suspected COVID-19 are considered contacts and should be advised to monitor their health for 14 days from the last day of possible contact.
zh-cn	接触过疑似 COVID-19 疾病感染者的人（包括看护者和卫生保健工作者）被视为接触者，应建议他们从可能接触的最后一天起监测自身健康状况 14 天。

en-us	A contact is a person who is involved in any of the following from 2 days before and up to 14 days after the onset of symptoms in the patient:5
zh-cn	接触者是指有过以下任何一种接触的人：

en-us	Providing direct care for patients with COVID-19 disease without using proper personal protective equipment;
zh-cn	与卫生保健相关的接触，包括为 COVID-19 疾病患者提供直接护理、与感染了导致 COVID-19 疾病的病毒的卫生保健工作者一起工作、探访患者或与 COVID-19 疾病患者待在同一环境中。

en-us	Staying in the same close environment as a COVID-19 patient (including sharing a workplace, classroom or household or being at the same gathering) for any amount of time;
zh-cn	与 COVID-19 疾病患者近距离地一起工作或共享同一个教室导致的接触；

en-us	Travelling in close proximity with (that is, within 1 m separation from) a COVID-19 patient in any kind of conveyance;
zh-cn	与 COVID-19 疾病患者在任何一种交通工具中一起旅行导致的接触；

en-us	A way for caregivers to communicate with a health care provider should be established for the duration of the observation period.
zh-cn	应确定观察期内看护者与卫生保健提供者进行沟通的方式。

en-us	Also, health care personnel should review the health of contacts regularly by phone but, ideally and if feasible, through daily in-person visits, so specific diagnostic tests can be performed as necessary.
zh-cn	此外，卫生保健工作人员应通过电话定期检查接触者的健康状况，但理想情况下，如果可行的话，应每天亲自上门检查，以便根据需要进行特定的诊断测试。

en-us	The health care provider should give instructions to contacts in advance about when and where to seek care if they become ill, the most appropriate mode of transportation to use, when and where to enter the designated health care facility, and which IPC precautions should be followed.
zh-cn	卫生保健提供者应提前告知接触者如果发病的话应在什么时候去哪里就医，最合适的交通方式是什么，什么时候从哪里进入指定的医疗机构，以及应遵循什么感染预防和控制措施。

en-us	If a contact develops symptoms, the following steps should be taken.
zh-cn	如果接触者出现症状，则应采取以下步骤。

en-us	Notify the receiving medical facility that a symptomatic contact will be arriving.
zh-cn	通知定点医疗机构有症状的接触者将来到该机构。

en-us	While traveling to seek care, the contact should wear a medical mask.
zh-cn	病人前去就医时应佩戴医用口罩。

en-us	The contact should avoid taking public transportation to the facility if possible;
zh-cn	可能的话接触者应避免搭乘公交前往医疗机构；

en-us	an ambulance can be called, or the ill contact can be transported in a private vehicle with all windows open, if possible.
zh-cn	可以叫救护车，也可以用私家车运送患病的接触者，可能的话应打开所有车窗。

en-us	The symptomatic contact should be advised to perform respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene and to stand or sit as far away from others as possible (at least 1 metre) when in transit and when in the health care facility.
zh-cn	应建议有症状的接触者始终采取呼吸卫生和手卫生措施，在前往医疗机构的途中和在医疗机构时，尽可能站在或坐在远离他人（至少 1 米）的地方。

en-us	Any surfaces that become soiled with respiratory secretions or other body fluids during transport should be cleaned with soap or detergent and then disinfected with a regular household product containing a 0.5% diluted bleach solution.
zh-cn	应用肥皂或清洁剂对运送病人过程中被呼吸道分泌物或体液污染的表面进行清洁，然后用含有0.5%稀释消毒液的普通家用产品进行消毒。

en-us	Acknowledgements
zh-cn	鸣谢

en-us	The original version of the MERS-CoV IPC guidance  that constituted the basis for this document was developed in consultation with WHO’s Global Infection Prevention and Control  Network  and   other   international   experts.
zh-cn	构成本文件基础的MERS-CoV感染预防和控制指导文件的最初版本是与世卫组织全球感染预防和控制网络及其他国际专家协商制定的。

en-us	WHO thanks those who were involved in developing the  IPC documents for MERS-CoV.
zh-cn	世卫组织对参与为 MERS-CoV 编写感染预防和控制文件的人表示感谢。