en-us	Which communities are most at risk from the food security and livelihood impacts of the pandemic? 
zh-cn	哪些社区的粮食安全和生计最易受到疫情冲击？ 

en-us	Even before COVID-19 hit, 113 million people on the planet were already struggling with severe acute food insecurity due to pre-existing shocks or crises.  
zh-cn	在新冠疫情暴发前，全球已经有1.13亿人因各类冲击或危机而陷于重度粮食不安全的境地。 

en-us	This means they were already on the extreme end of the hunger spectrum-weak, and less well-equipped to fend off the virus.  
zh-cn	他们早已处于极端饥饿状况，身体虚弱，无力抵御病毒侵袭。 

en-us	The vast majority live in rural areas, and depend on agricultural production, seasonal jobs in agriculture, fishing, or pastoralism.  
zh-cn	这些弱势群体大部分生活在农村地区，依靠农业生产、季节性农业工作、渔业或畜牧业为生。 

en-us	If they become ill or constrained by restrictions on movement or activity, they will be prevented from working their land, caring for their animals, going fishing, or accessing markets to sell produce, buy food, or get seeds and supplies.  
zh-cn	一旦患病或行动和活动受限，他们将无法耕种土地、照料牲畜、从事渔业生产，也无法在市场上出售农产品、购买食物或获取种子和物资。 

en-us	These people have very little to fall back on, materially speaking. 
zh-cn	这些群体几乎没有其他物质上的依靠。

en-us	They could find themselves forced to abandon their livelihoods. 
zh-cn	可能面临被迫放弃生计的窘境。 

en-us	By that I mean they've might have to sell off their animals or their fishing boat for cash.  
zh-cn	也就是说，他们可能不得不变卖牲畜或渔船来换取现金， 

en-us	Or eat all of their seeds instead of saving some to replant.  
zh-cn	或是把所有种子都用作口粮，而不再留种用于播种。 

en-us	Once a rural farming family does that, getting to be self-reliant again becomes extremely difficult. 
zh-cn	一旦出现此类情况，农村家庭再想实现自给自足就变得异常困难。 

en-us	Some might even have no other choice than to leave their farms in search of assistance.  
zh-cn	有的甚至别无选择，只得离开土地另寻他法。 

en-us	Has something like this happened before?  
zh-cn	类似事件曾经发生过吗？ 

en-us	There are some similarities with the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak.  
zh-cn	本次疫情与2014年的西非埃博拉疫情有一些相似之处。 

en-us	That disrupted agricultural market supply chains.  
zh-cn	埃博拉疫情破坏了农业市场供应链。 

en-us	Many farmers couldn't grow or sell crops. 
zh-cn	许多农民无法开展种植或销售无门。

en-us	This, plus agricultural labour shortages, impacted food production.  
zh-cn	加上农业劳动力短缺，粮食生产受到影响。 

en-us	In Liberia, 47 percent of farmers were unable to cultivate.  
zh-cn	在利比里亚，47％的农民当时无法进行耕种。 

en-us	Restrictions and market closures disrupted flows of food and necessities. 
zh-cn	各项限制和市场关闭扰乱了粮食和必需品的流通。 

en-us	Shortages of goods led to an increase in prices of key commodities.  
zh-cn	供应短缺导致主要商品价格上涨。 

en-us	The nutritional impact was predominantly attributable to reduced food access -- driven by a reduction in economic activity that reduced families' purchasing power.  People went hungry.
zh-cn	经济活动减少令家庭购买力下降，减少了食物获取量。受此主要影响，民众营养状况发生恶化，忍饥挨饿。

en-us	So the lessons from the 2014 EVD outbreak are clear: while health needs are an urgent and primary concern, we cannot neglect livelihoods or food security aspects.  
zh-cn	因此，2014年埃博拉疫情带来的教训很明确：即便健康需求已成为迫切、首要的关切，我们也绝不能忽视生计或粮食安全保障。 

en-us	Also, when people's livelihoods are disrupted, that can spark tensions and social unrest.  
zh-cn	此外，一旦生计遭到破坏，也会引发紧张和社会动荡。 

en-us	How so?  
zh-cn	为什么会这样？ 

en-us	Well, if food supply chains become disrupted and livelihoods untenable, vulnerable populations may be more likely to leave behind their livelihoods and move in search of assistance  
zh-cn	如果粮食供应链遭到破坏，生计无法维持，弱势群体更有可能放弃原有生计，前往他处求助。 

en-us	- as would any of us - with the unintended consequence of potentially further spreading the virus and possibly encountering heightened social tensions.  
zh-cn	任何人在遭遇相同困境时都会这么做，但这可能会引发意想不到的后果：疫情进一步蔓延，社会紧张局势加剧。 

en-us	For pastoralists, the disruption of traditional transhumance patterns may lead to tensions and even violent conflicts between resident and pastoralist communities, resulting in local displacement and increased levels of poverty and food insecurity.  
zh-cn	对牧民来说，传统的转场放牧模式遭到破坏，可能会导致与定居社区的关系紧张，甚至发生暴力冲突，在当地造成人口流离失所，加剧了贫困和粮食不安全状况。 

en-us	Where do the people most at risk live?  
zh-cn	最弱势的群体在哪里？ 

en-us	To give one example, in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia nearly 12 million people already found themselves in dire circumstances as a result of extended severe droughts and back-to-back failed harvests before hordes of desert locusts descended on their crops and pastures in late December/early January.  
zh-cn	举例来说，在埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和索马里，持续严重干旱和连续歉收导致近1200万人陷入困境，而雪上加霜的是，12月下旬到1月初，成群的沙漠蝗虫又侵袭了他们的庄稼和牧场。 

en-us	In Africa, we are also worried about the Sahel, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan to name a few food crises.  
zh-cn	我们还担心非洲的萨赫勒地区，以及中非共和国、刚果民主共和国和南苏丹等国的粮食危机处境。 

en-us	But no continent is immune.  
zh-cn	但是，没有哪片大陆是不受影响的。 

en-us	From Afghanistan to Haiti to Syria to Myanmar, COVID-19 risks further exacerbating the impact of conflicts and natural disasters.  
zh-cn	从阿富汗到海地，从叙利亚到缅甸，新冠病毒疫情进一步加剧了冲突和自然灾害的冲击。 

en-us	We will be working everywhere we are needed, but FAO's response strategy will prioritize countries already facing food crises, as per the Global Report on Food Crises. 
zh-cn	我们将在任何亟需帮助的地方开展工作，但将根据粮农组织应对战略，优先援助《全球粮食危机报告》中提及的、已经面临粮食危机的国家。 

en-us	Our work will adapt to the evolution of the pandemic, which may see rising needs in countries not currently in crisis but that are extremely vulnerable to a new shock.  
zh-cn	我们将根据疫情的发展调整工作安排，有些国家目前没有发生危机、但极易受到新冲击的影响。

en-us	Are COVID-19 impacts on food security and livelihoods already being felt in these places?  
zh-cn	新冠病毒疫情是否已对这些地区的粮食安全和生计产生影响？ 

en-us	In terms of understanding the extend of the health dimension, this is the mandate of WHO and other colleagues, 
zh-cn	世卫组织和其他机构将负责研究疫情在卫生方面的影响程度。

en-us	and they are working mightily to get a better understanding in these contexts.  
zh-cn	他们正在全力以赴，以期更好地掌握相关情况。 

en-us	For FAO, our focus is the concern that as the number of infections in vulnerable countries grows -- among populations who are already malnourished, weak and vulnerable to disease -- a "crisis within a crisis" could emerge, in which the health crisis will be compounded by a hunger crisis.  
zh-cn	对粮农组织而言，我们重点关注的是脆弱国家内的感染人数出现增长，因为当地民众早已处于营养不良、身体虚弱和易感染疾病的状况。当前的卫生危机将因饥饿危机而进一步加剧，形成"双重危机"。 

en-us	And that, in a vicious feedback loop, will leave more people weaker and vulnerable to the virus.  
zh-cn	这将构成一个危险的恶性循环，导致更多的人口变得更为虚弱、更易感染病毒。 

en-us	New cases are being reported every day in all of the countries we are concerned about.  
zh-cn	在所有受到粮农组织关注的国家中，每天都有新增病例报告。 

en-us	Getting a better understanding of the impact of the disease on food security is a top priority, so we can rapidly deploy the right kinds of responses and strategically target them to meet needs.  
zh-cn	因此，更好地掌握疫情对粮食安全的影响是粮农组织的优先重点，这有助于我们迅速采取正确应对措施，制订有针对性的战略满足需求。 

en-us	Tell us more about how FAO plans to respond.  
zh-cn	请详细谈一谈粮农组织的应对计划。 

en-us	We are moving to sustain and then scale up our critical livelihood saving programs in countries coping with protracted crises or pre-existing high levels of food insecurity.  
zh-cn	粮农组织将努力维持并扩大关键生计拯救计划，以帮助此前已经陷入长期危机或处于高度粮食不安全境地的国家。 

en-us	The UN system on 25 March launched a consolidated humanitarian appealunder which FAO asked donors for $110 million to protect the food security of vulnerable rural populations.  
zh-cn	联合国系统于3月25日发起了一项人道主义联合呼吁，粮农组织呼吁捐助方提供1.1亿美元资金，以保护农村弱势群体的粮食安全。 

en-us	In addition to improve data gathering and analysis to inform decision-making, we will be stabilizing incomes and access to food as well as preserving livelihoods.  
zh-cn	除了完善数据收集和分析工作，为决策提供信息外，我们还将稳定收入和粮食获取，并保护生计。 

en-us	This means providing smallholder farmers and herders with seeds, tools, livestock feed and other inputs, along with animal health support, so they can continue to produce food for their families and communities and generate income.  
zh-cn	为此，我们将向小农和牧民提供种子、工具、牲畜饲料和其他投入品，以及动物卫生支持服务，使他们能够继续为家庭和社区生产粮食、创造收入。 

en-us	We will also distribute seeds and home gardening kits, food storage systems, and poultry and other small stock to improve household nutrition and diversify incomes. 
zh-cn	我们还将分发种子和家庭菜园工具包、粮食储存设施、家禽和其他小型牲畜，以改善家庭营养，增加收入来源。 

en-us	Similar activities will be undertaken in camps for refugees and the displaced.  
zh-cn	类似活动也将在难民营和流离失所者营地展开。 

en-us	Social protection schemes will be a critical tool and we are engaging with governments, local organizations and others to look at ways we can scale up existing systems, especially in hard-to-reach rural areas.  
zh-cn	社会保障计划十分关键，我们正在与政府、地方组织和其他机构合作，研究如何扩大现有体系的覆盖面，尤其要涵盖偏远的农村地区。 

en-us	One key way to stabilize families' purchasing power will be through injections of cash, so they can meet critical household needs without selling off their assets.   
zh-cn	稳定家庭购买力的一个关键方法是现金补助，使脆弱人口能够在不变卖资产的情况下满足家庭的关键需求。 

en-us	We'll also work to ensure the continuity of the food supply chain -- including between rural, peri-urban and urban areas -- by supporting through various activities the functioning of local food markets, value chains and systems.  
zh-cn	我们还将通过各类活动支持当地粮食市场、价值链和系统的正常运作，以确保农村、城市周边地区和城市等地的粮食供应链不会中断。 

en-us	And will help make sure that people along the food supply chain are not at risk of COVID-19 transmission, by raising awareness about food safety and health best practices. 
zh-cn	我们还将提高人们对食品安全和最佳卫生做法的认识，帮助确保粮食供应链各环节的相关人员不会感染新冠病毒。 

en-us	In this effort, we will be collaborating both, with national authorities and the World Health Organization - as we did in the Ebola crisis.  
zh-cn	为此，我们将与国家主管部门和世界卫生组织开展合作，在埃博拉疫情期间，我们也是这么做的。 

en-us	How will FAO manage to deliver, given travel and other restrictions?  
zh-cn	面临出行和其他限制，粮农组织将如何落实相关工作呢？ 

en-us	Slow-downs or reductions in the delivery of humanitarian assistance could be catastrophic in crises.  
zh-cn	危机发生时，人道主义援助放缓或减少可能会产生灾难性影响。 

en-us	But the humanitarian community is rapidly readjusting.  
zh-cn	但是，人道主义援助机构正在迅速调整工作安排。 

en-us	Working closely with UN partners at country level, business continuity and program criticality planning are underway. 
zh-cn	粮农组织正在与联合国伙伴机构在国家层面密切合作，开展业务连续性和方案关键性规划。 

en-us	FAO country offices are consulting with local partners we've worked with for years and who are for the most embedded with the communities we serve,  
zh-cn	粮农组织国家办事处正在征求共事多年的当地合作伙伴的意见和建议，因为它们大多与我们所服务的社区有着密切联系。 

en-us	adapting flexible contractual arrangements to combine logistics channels for aid delivery and minimize exposure of staff and beneficiaries.  
zh-cn	同时正在采用灵活的合同安排，以整合运输援助物资的物流通道，最大限度地减少工作人员和受益者的风险。 

en-us	We are also looking at advance procurement of inputs (such as seeds, tools) and pre-positioning,  
zh-cn	我们还在考虑采取以下措施：提前采购投入品（如种子、工具等）和预先储备； 

en-us	combining input packages to cover longer-term needs, and increasing storage and logistics capacities.  
zh-cn	整合各项投入品，以满足长期需求；提高储存和物流能力。 

en-us	Many wealthy nations are themselves struggling with COVID-19. 
zh-cn	许多发达国家也正在抗击新冠病毒。

en-us	Will this affect funding for humanitarian action?  
zh-cn	这是否会影响人道主义行动的资金筹措？ 

en-us	It is a legitimate worry, but we are seeing some signs it is not the case. 
zh-cn	这种担心不无道理，但目前的一些迹象表明，情况并非如此。 

en-us	Donors are responding to the UN appeal. 
zh-cn	捐助方正在响应联合国的援助呼吁。 

en-us	Countries are pledging support for others, even as they struggle at home.  
zh-cn	各国陆续承诺为他国提供支持，即使自己国内也正在抗击疫情。 

en-us	We are confident that this will be the rule, not the exception.  
zh-cn	我们相信，这将成为普遍现象，而非个例。 

en-us	Perhaps one silver lining of the pandemic is that the shared realization that we're all in this together.  
zh-cn	或许，这场疫情给我们带来的一丝安慰是，它让全球各国共同认识到，我们的命运彼此相连。 

en-us	Even as we are all focused --understandably-on the wellbeing of our own families, neighbors, and countries, we've also come to understand that this virus does not respect borders.  
zh-cn	我们更关心自己的家人、邻居和国家，这是人之常情。但我们也认识到，病毒不受国界的限制。 

en-us	If we beat it back in the developed world but allow it to go unchecked in less-resourced countries whose medical systems struggle to cope and where people are already weak from hunger and less able to withstand the disease, it will come back to haunt us all.  
zh-cn	如果发达国家顺利击退了病毒，但却任由它在资源匮乏的国家肆虐，由于这些国家的医疗系统已经捉襟见肘，人们因饥饿而体弱多病，无力抵御疾病，那么病毒必将卷土重来波及所有人。 

en-us	Why should resources go to agricultural livelihoods and food systems, instead of hospitals?  
zh-cn	为什么要将资源用于农业生计和粮食系统，而不是将资源投入医院？ 

en-us	While the human health dimension is no doubt hugely important, the concerns we're flagging and the work we're aiming to do will be critical to getting through to the other side without additional and unnecessary human tragedy. 
zh-cn	确保人类健康无疑极为重要，但我们所关注的问题和我们所开展的工作，对于顺利度过疫情、避免进一步造成人间悲剧十分重要。 

en-us	Keep in mind that we have over 110 million people in acute food insecurity, this means that these people are extremely vulnerable and that one more shock can push them closer to famine.  
zh-cn	请记住，全球有超过1.1亿人处于重度粮食不安全状态，这一群体极度脆弱，任何新的冲击都有可能把他们推向饥荒。 

en-us	Also, if we let people's livelihoods be lost as a result of this pandemic, once the human health crisis has eased, we will have major problems to deal with, afterwards.  
zh-cn	此外，如果我们任由疫情毁坏人们的生计，在这场健康危机得以缓解后，我们还会面临严重的问题。 

en-us	It is both more humane and strategically smarter to protect and sustain livelihoods now, rather than rebuild them after.
zh-cn	现在保护和维持生计比事后重建生计更为人道，也更具战略意义。