en-us	Three months after the outbreak began, it is easy to see the COVID-19 pandemic for what it is: a human tragedy that constitutes the most severe blow to the global economy since World War II. It has swiftly overwhelmed the health systems of all nations – developed and developing - producing social and economic impacts that will be unprecedented in scale. 
zh-cn	在新冠疫情爆发三个月后，其危害已经显而易见：这是自二战以来对全球经济打击最大的人类悲剧，很快便使各国的卫生系统不堪重负，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家无一幸免，所产生的社会和经济影响将是前所未有的。 

en-us	For the poorest countries, however, the full danger is only just coming into view. 
zh-cn	但是，对于最贫困国家来说，全部危害才初见端倪。

en-us	They will face the crisis from a position of profound disadvantage: their health systems are fragile, their access to critical medical supplies is tenuous, their economies are less resilient and heavily dependent on trade. 
zh-cn	这些国家面对危机处于十分不利的位置：他们的卫生系统薄弱，关键医疗用品供应短缺，经济缺乏韧性并严重依赖贸易。

en-us	They could soon come under siege on all fronts—and a health, economic and social catastrophe here would be felt across the world. 
zh-cn	他们可能很快就会陷入十面埋伏，遭遇一场卫生、经济和社会灾难，影响波及全世界。

en-us	It would fan the spread of the virus and imperil prospects for a global economic recovery. 
zh-cn	这将加剧病毒传播，危及全球经济的复苏前景。 

en-us	"Cooperation to help these countries limit the harm is not just a moral imperative—it is in the world’s interest." 
zh-cn	“开展合作帮助这些国家限制疫情危害，不仅是一项道德上的责任，也符合全世界的利益。” 

en-us	Cooperation to help these countries limit the harm is not just a moral imperative—it is in the world’s interest. 
zh-cn	开展合作帮助这些国家限制疫情危害，不仅是一项道德上的责任，也符合全世界的利益。

en-us	The policy choices we make today will have enduring effects on the ability of developing countries to respond to the health and economic crisis. 
zh-cn	我们今天做出的政策选择，会对发展中国家应对卫生和经济危机的能力产生持久的影响。

en-us	Too many countries are adopting policies that risk disrupting access to medical supplies and destabilizing food markets. 
zh-cn	很多国家采取了可能影响医疗用品供应和破坏粮食市场稳定的政策。

en-us	We know from history that such policies aren’t just ineffective—they actually aggravate the harm they’re intended to ease. 
zh-cn	以史为鉴，我们知道这种政策不仅完全无效，实际上反而会加剧原本想要减缓的危害。

en-us	It’s smarter to take a coordinated approach to boosting production and meeting the needs of the most vulnerable. 
zh-cn	共同协调提高产量和满足最弱势群体的需求才是更明智​​的做法。 

en-us	So far, the vast majority of reported COVID-19 infections has been in developed countries—although the numbers in developing countries could rise considerably in the coming months. 
zh-cn	截至目前已报告的大部分感染病例都发生在发达国家，但在未来数月发展中国家的感染病例可能会大幅增加。

en-us	The economic harm, however, is spreading: simultaneous demand and supply shocks are rippling across borders through their effects on travel, trade, finance, commodity markets, and investor confidence. 
zh-cn	但是，经济危害正在扩散：疫情通过对旅行、贸易、金融、大宗商品市场和投资者信心的影响，使供需两端同时受到冲击，波及世界各地。 

en-us	Seventeen countries with the highest number of COVID-19 cases are vital nodes in global trade networks, magnifying the economic fallout for developing countries. 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎病例最多的17个国家都是全球贸易网络中的重要节点，因而放大了对发展中国家的经济影响。 

en-us	"Increasing restrictions to exports exacerbate the shortages and drive prices up." 
zh-cn	“越来越多的出口限制加剧了短缺现象，造成价格上涨。” 

en-us	The pandemic has already created a global shortage of medical supplies. 
zh-cn	新冠疫情已造成全球医疗用品短缺。

en-us	Increasing restrictions to exports exacerbate the shortages and drive prices up. 
zh-cn	越来越多的出口限制加剧了短缺现象，造成价格上涨。

en-us	At the World Bank Group, we recently created a new database to track the effects of such policies. It highlights the vulnerability that developing countries face regarding medical supplies: the 20 developing countries with the highest number of COVID-19 cases derive 80 percent of critical COVID-19 products from just five economies. 
zh-cn	我们世界银行集团最近新建了一个数据库跟踪此类政策的影响，突显出发展中国家在医疗用品供应方面存在的脆弱性：新冠肺炎病例最多的20个发展中国家80%的关键防疫用品来自5个经济体。

en-us	Our analysis shows, moreover, that current export restrictions are likely to increase prices of medical masks by more than 20 percent. 
zh-cn	此外，我们的分析显示，目前的出口限制可能会导致医用口罩价格上涨20%以上。

en-us	If restrictions escalate, prices would shoot up by over 40 percent. 
zh-cn	如果限制措施进一步升级，价格将飙升40%以上。 

en-us	Food shortages could be next. 
zh-cn	接踵而来的是粮食短缺。

en-us	That alone should give us pause—because production levels of food staples in 2020 are expected to be near all-time highs. 
zh-cn	仅就这一点我们应当冷静下来好好想想，因为2020年主要粮食产量预计将接近历史最高水平。

en-us	Supply is thus not a problem at this time. But shortages could result from disruptions in supply chains, labor shortages as people become sick, and reduced activity by small and medium enterprises (SMEs)—many of which could go out of business. 
zh-cn	因此供应现在并不是问题，但供应链中断、生病导致劳动力短缺和中小企业生产经营活动减少（很多中小企业可能倒闭）可能会造成粮食短缺。

en-us	For example, China’s exports of agricultural goods in the first two months of the year declined 12 percent year-on-year. 
zh-cn	例如，今年头两个月中国的农产品出口同比下降了12%。 

en-us	"Restricting food exports to boost domestic availability is exactly the wrong response under the circumstances." 
zh-cn	“在目前情况下通过限制粮食出口来增加国内供应是错误的选择。” 

en-us	Here again a handful of countries are going it alone. 
zh-cn	这次又是少数几个国家单独行动。

en-us	Restricting food exports to boost domestic availability is exactly the wrong response under the circumstances. 
zh-cn	在目前情况下通过限制粮食出口来增加国内供应是错误的选择。

en-us	As we learned from the 2008-2011 food crisis, such measures increased global prices by 13 percent on average—and by 45 percent for rice. 
zh-cn	我们从2008-2011年的粮食危机中获知，限制出口措施使全球粮价平均上涨了13%，大米价格上涨了45%。

en-us	The poorest countries, which rely heavily on food imports, would be hurt the most. 
zh-cn	最严重依赖粮食进口的最贫困国家会受到最大的伤害。

en-us	Developing countries on average derive 80 percent of their food imports from just three exporting countries. 
zh-cn	发展中国家平均80%的粮食进口仅来自三个出口国。

en-us	For fragile and conflict countries the proportion is more than 90 percent, making them even more vulnerable to policy changes by exporting nations. 
zh-cn	对于脆弱和受冲突影响国家，这一比例超过90%，因而更容易受出口国政策变化的影响。 

en-us	A consistent global approach—one that emphasizes international cooperation and an open and rules-based trading system—will be essential to ensure a quick response as rising infection rates and economic pain spreads to the developing world from advanced economies. 
zh-cn	随着感染率上升及其对经济的负面影响从发达经济体向发展中国家扩散，采取全球一致的方针，强调国际合作与开放的、基于规则的贸易体系，对于确保快速响应至关重要。

en-us	That is why I recently urged trade ministers from the Group of 20 nations to immediately undertake concrete actions while pushing for parallel actions by all members of the World Trade Organization: 
zh-cn	这就是为什么我最近敦促二十国集团贸易部长立即采取具体行动，同时敦促世贸组织全体成员国采取相应行动： 

en-us	Refrain and discipline new export restrictions on critical medical supplies, food or other key products. 
zh-cn	避免和约束对重要医疗用品、粮食及其他关键产品实行新的出口限制。 

en-us	Eliminate or reduce tariffs and unnecessary barriers on imports of COVID-19 products, food, and other basic goods. 
zh-cn	取消或降低抗疫产品、粮食及其他基本物资的进口关税和不必要的壁垒。 

en-us	Ensure that vital products can cross borders safely. 
zh-cn	确保重要物资能够安全过境。 

en-us	Secure continued access to capital and trade financing to SMEs.  
zh-cn	确保中小企业持续获得资本和贸易融资。 

en-us	All governments should act promptly to defuse the danger of shortages of critical products. 
zh-cn	各国政府应立即采取行动化解关键产品短缺的风险。

en-us	Coordination on procurement of such supplies will be essential to boost production in ways that are cost-effective and ensure that supplies flow quickly—from areas of surplus to areas of shortage.  
zh-cn	此类物资的采购协调对于低成本高效率地扩大产量、确保物资从过剩地区向短缺地区快速流转至关重要。 

en-us	In this area, the World Bank is taking on a particularly proactive role: we are offering Bank-Facilitated Procurement (BFP) to help our client countries access critically needed medical supplies and equipment, for no fee. 
zh-cn	世界银行在这方面发挥了积极作用：我们提供世行便利采购（BFP）帮助客户国获得急需的医疗用品和设备，不收取任何费用。

en-us	We will assist in identifying existing suppliers with available stock and negotiating prices and conditions. Borrowers will then sign and enter into contracts themselves, including assuring relevant logistics with suppliers. 
zh-cn	我们将协助确定有库存的供应商，商定价格和条件，然后由借款国自行签订合同，包括同供应商一起保障相关物流。

en-us	In addition, through our SME lending programs we are supporting the retooling of production capabilities towards medical goods, where feasible. 
zh-cn	此外，在可行的情况下，我们也通过中小企业贷款计划，协助进行生产线改造转产医疗用品。 

en-us	"In all our work, our priority is to provide fast and flexible responses to limit the impact of COVID-19 while strengthening international cooperation." 
zh-cn	“在我们所有的工作中，首要任务是加强国际合作，采取快速灵活的应对措施限制新冠疫情的负面影响。” 

en-us	In all our work, our priority is to provide fast and flexible responses to limit the impact of COVID-19 while strengthening international cooperation. 
zh-cn	在我们所有的工作中，首要任务是加强国际合作，采取快速灵活的应对措施限制新冠疫情的负面影响。

en-us	Last month, we approved a $14 billion Fast Track Facility to assist countries and companies in their efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to the pandemic, and includes the trade financing and credit facilities from IFC. 
zh-cn	上个月，我们批准了一项140亿美元的快速通道基金，以协助各国和企业预防、发现和应对大流行，还包括国际金融公司提供的贸易融资和信贷融资。 

en-us	As we enter the next phase of response on recovery and coming out stronger from the crisis, the right policy actions and international cooperation is even more important. 
zh-cn	当我们进入应对的下一阶段，走出危机走向复苏时，正确的政策行动和国际合作就会显得更为重要。

en-us	The World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have called for suspension of debt payments from IDA countries that request forbearance, so as to provide them fiscal space. 
zh-cn	世界银行集团和国际货币基金组织呼吁暂停国际开发协会国家的债务偿还，以便给他们腾出财政空间。

en-us	Furthermore, over the next 15 months, we stand ready to provide up to $160 billion in long-term financial support to developing countries to continue supporting countries respond to the crisis and enhance resilience for recovery. 
zh-cn	此外，在今后的15个月里，我们准备向发展中国家提供高达1600亿美元的长期资金支持，以继续支持各国应对危机和增强复苏的韧性。 

en-us	"Countries that remain globally integrated will be best placed to respond effectively in the short term—and to recover more quickly in medium term." 
zh-cn	“坚持全球一体化的国家将最有条件在短期内有效应对，并在中期更快复苏。” 

en-us	Over the past three months, the swift and indiscriminate spread of a deadly virus has banished any doubt about the magnitude of the danger it poses. 
zh-cn	在过去的三个月里，致命病毒迅速的、不加区别的扩散，消除了人们对其危险性的任何怀疑。