en-us	Will COVID-19 have negative impacts on global food security? 
zh-cn	新型冠状病毒肺炎会对全球粮食安全造成负面影响吗？ 

en-us	Both lives and livelihoods are at risk from this pandemic. 
zh-cn	这场大流行危及生命和生计。 

en-us	The disease is spreading quickly. 
zh-cn	新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称“新冠肺炎”）正在迅速传播

en-us	This is no longer a regional issue—it is a global problem calling for a global response. 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎已从区域性问题上升为全球性问题，需要全球各国共同应对。 

en-us	We know that it will eventually retreat, but we don’t know how fast this will happen. 
zh-cn	我们知道疫情终将结束，但何时结束不得而知。

en-us	We also know that this shock is somewhat unusual as it affects significant elements of both food supply and demand. 
zh-cn	我们也知道，此次疫情可以说给人们带来了前所未有的冲击，因为它对粮食供应和需求端的关键要素均产生了影响。 

en-us	We risk a looming food crisis unless measures are taken fast to protect the most vulnerable, keep global food supply chains alive and mitigate the pandemic’s impacts across the food system. 
zh-cn	粮食危机近在眼前，为避免危机的发生，我们唯有迅速采取措施保护最脆弱的人群，确保全球食品供应链的正常运行，并减轻大流行对整个粮食系统的影响。 

en-us	Border closures, quarantines, and market, supply chain and trade disruptions could restrict people’s access to sufficient/diverse and nutritious sources of food, especially in countries hit hard by the virus or already affected by high levels of food insecurity. 
zh-cn	受疫情影响，边境关闭，人员被隔离，市场、供应链和贸易出现中断，这可能会使人们难以获取充足、多样化且营养丰富的粮食。在疫情肆虐或已遭受严重粮食不安全影响的国家，情况尤为严重。 

en-us	But there is no need for the world to panic. 
zh-cn	但我们没必要恐慌。

en-us	Globally, there is enough food for everyone. 
zh-cn	从全球范围来说，我们拥有的食物足够养活每一个人。

en-us	Policy makers around the world need to be careful not to repeat the mistakes made during the 2007-08 food crisis, and turn this health crisis into an entirely avoidable food crisis. 
zh-cn	至此，世界各地的决策者需要更加小心，不要重犯2007-08年粮食危机期间的错误，不要让这场卫生健康危机转变成完全可避免的粮食危机。 

en-us	As the virus spreads, cases mount and measures tighten, there are countless ways, however, that the global food system will be tested and strained in the coming weeks and months. 
zh-cn	随着病毒传播、病例增加和多项措施的收紧，在未来几周和几个月里，全球粮食系统将面临无数的考验及压力。 

en-us	As of now, disruptions are minimal as food supply has been adequate and markets have been stable so far. 
zh-cn	由于粮食供应充足，市场稳定，目前影响较小。

en-us	However, we are already seeing challenges in terms of logistics bottlenecks (not being able to move food from point A to point B), and likely, there is less food of high-value commodities (i.e. fruits and vegetables) being produced. 
zh-cn	但是，我们已经看到了物流方面遇到了严重瓶颈(无法将食物从A地运送到B地)，而且预计高价值商品(即水果和蔬菜)产量可能出现下降。 

en-us	As of April, May, we expect disruptions in the food supply chains. 
zh-cn	在四、五月时，我们估计食品供应链运转可能受到影响。

en-us	For example: restrictions of movement, as well as basic aversion behavior by workers, may impede farmers from farming and food processors - who handle the vast majority of agricultural products - from processing. 
zh-cn	如：行动受限或工人的规避行为等可能会阻碍农民和食品加工商(他们处理绝大多数的农产品)从事农业和加工活动。

en-us	Shortage of fertilizers, veterinary medicines and other input could affect agricultural production. 
zh-cn	肥料、兽药及其他投入品短缺会影响农业生产。

en-us	Closures of restaurants and less frequent grocery shopping diminish demand for fresh produce and fisheries products, affecting producers and suppliers. 
zh-cn	餐馆关闭和杂货店购物频率降低都会减少对新鲜农产品和渔业产品的需求，最终影响到生产者与供应商。

en-us	Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable. 
zh-cn	小农在这种情况下尤其脆弱。 

en-us	Whose food security and livelihoods are most at risk due to the pandemic? 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎大流行对哪些人群的粮食安全和生计威胁最大？  

en-us	Currently, some 820 million people around the world are experiencing chronic hunger – not eating enough caloric energy to live normal lives. 
zh-cn	目前，全球约有8.2亿人正在遭受慢性饥饿的折磨，他们长期无法摄入维系正常生活所需的足量食物。

en-us	Of this, 113 million are coping with acute severe insecurity – hunger so severe that it poses an immediate threat to their lives or livelihoods and renders them reliant on external assistance to get by. 
zh-cn	其中有1.13亿人为重度粮食不安全人口，严重的饥饿使其生命或生计陷入紧急危险境地，只能依靠外部援助度日。

en-us	These people can ill-afford any potential further disruptions to their livelihoods or access to food that COVID-19 might bring. 
zh-cn	这些人无法承受任何有可能进一步破坏其生计或阻碍其获取粮食的打击，因此，新冠肺炎对其造成了严重威胁。  

en-us	If COVID-19 cases, already present in more than 100 countries, proliferate in the 44 countries that need external food assistance, or in the 53 countries home to 113 million people experiencing acute hunger, many of whose public health systems may face capacity constraints, the consequences could be drastic. 
zh-cn	目前，已有100多个国家报告出现新冠肺炎病例，如果疫情扩散至44个需要外部粮食援助的国家，或53个生活着1.13亿重度饥饿人口的国家，后果可能不堪设想，因为其中很多国家的公共卫生系统可能承受不了压力。 

en-us	Indeed, FAO is particularly concerned about the pandemic’s impacts on vulnerable countries already grappling with hunger/hit by other crises – the Desert Locust outbreak in the Horn of Africa, insecurity in Yemen or the Sahel, for example – and countries that rely heavily on food imports such as Small Islands Developing States, and countries that depend on primary exports like oil. 
zh-cn	的确，粮农组织特别担心此次大流行对脆弱国家的影响，包括已经受到饥饿或其他危机（如非洲之角的沙漠蝗灾，也门或萨赫勒地区的不安全局势）严重影响的国家，严重依赖粮食进口的国家（如小岛屿发展中国家），以及依赖初级产品（如石油）出口的国家。 

en-us	Vulnerable groups also include small-scale farmers, who might be hindered from working on their land/accessing markets to sell their products or buy seeds and other essential inputs, or struggle due to higher food prices/limited purchasing power, as well as millions of children who are already missing out on the school meals they have come to rely upon. 
zh-cn	脆弱群体还包括小规模农民，他们可能无法去田里干活，无法去市场上售卖产品或购买种子及其他基本投入品，上涨的粮食价格或有限的购买力可能使其难以糊口，此外，还有数百万的儿童，他们昔日赖以饱腹的校餐也已被迫取消。 

en-us	For example, in Latin America and the Caribbean, FAO-supported school meals programmes benefit 85 million children. 
zh-cn	例如，在拉丁美洲和加勒比，粮农组织资助的学校供餐计划惠及8500万名儿童。

en-us	Some 10 million children depend on them as the meals constitute one of their most reliable source of food each day. 
zh-cn	约有1000万名儿童依赖校餐生存，因为这是他们每天最可靠的食物来源之一。

en-us	The suspension of the school meals programs due to the pandemic puts vulnerable children’s food security and nutrition at risk whilst weakening their capacity to cope with diseases. 
zh-cn	大流行导致学校供餐计划暂停，这使得脆弱儿童的粮食安全和营养得不到保障，同时也削弱了他们抵御疾病的能力。 

en-us	We also know from dealing with past health crises that these can have a drastic effect on food security, especially that of vulnerable communities. 
zh-cn	过去应对卫生危机的经验告诉我们，危机可能对粮食安全，特别是脆弱社区的粮食安全产生巨大影响。 

en-us	Quarantines and panic during the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Sierra Leone (2014-2016), for example, led to a spike in hunger and malnutrition. 
zh-cn	例如，2014-2016年，塞拉利昂暴发埃博拉病毒病期间，隔离和恐慌导致饥饿和营养不良人数激增。

en-us	The suffering worsened as restrictions on movement led both to labor shortages at harvest time even as other farmers were unable to bring their produce to market. 
zh-cn	出行受限导致收割季劳动力短缺，部分农民无法将其产品运往市场，这又加剧了疫情影响。

en-us	The systemic effect was akin to that of an earthquake, highlighting how prevention and risk reduction strategies now are paramount. 
zh-cn	疫情产生的系统性影响与地震相类似，因此，当前我们必须采取预防和降低风险的战略。 

en-us	What are the implications of the COVID-19 situation – now and in the future – for food production, agricultural supply chains and markets? 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎疫情对当前及未来的粮食生产、农业供应链和市场有何影响？ 

en-us	The food supply chain is a complex web that involves producers, agricultural inputs, transportation, processing plants, shipping etc. 
zh-cn	粮食供应链十分复杂，涉及生产者、农业投入品、运输、加工厂、运输等。 

en-us	As the virus spreads and cases mount, and measures tighten to curb the spread of the virus, there are countless ways the global food system will be tested and strained in the coming weeks and months. 
zh-cn	随着病毒的传播和病例的增加，以及遏制病毒传播措施的加码，未来数周和数月之内，全球粮食系统将遭受各种形式的检验和冲击。 

en-us	As of now, disruptions are minimal as food supply has been adequate and markets have been stable so far. 
zh-cn	截至目前，粮食供应充足且市场稳定，影响较小。

en-us	Global cereal stocks are at comfortable levels and the outlook for wheat and other major staple crops for 2020 is positive. 
zh-cn	全球谷物库存较为充足，且2020年小麦和其他主要主粮作物的收获前景乐观。 

en-us	Although less food production of high value commodities (i.e. fruits and vegetables) is already likely, they are not as yet noticeable because of the lockdowns and disruption in the value chain  
zh-cn	尽管高价值商品（即水果和蔬菜）产量很可能出现下降，但由于封城和价值链的中断，人们尚未注意到这一点。 

en-us	We are already seeing, however, challenges in terms of the logistics involving the movement of food (not being able to move food from point A to point B), and the pandemic’s impact on livestock sector due to reduced access to animal feed and slaughterhouses’ diminished capacity (due to logistical constraints and labour shortages) similar to what happened in China. 
zh-cn	不过，我们已经看到了以下问题：食品运输面临挑战（无法将食品从A点转移到B点）；由于动物饲料获取途径收窄和屠宰场宰杀量减少（物流受限和劳动力短缺），畜牧业受到影响，这与中国发生的情况类似。 

en-us	As a result of the above as of April and May we expect to see disruptions in the food supply chains. 
zh-cn	由于上述原因，预计到四月和五月，食品供应链将受到冲击。 

en-us	Blockages to transport routes are particularly obstructive for fresh food supply chains and may also result in increased levels of food loss and waste. 
zh-cn	封堵运输路线将尤其妨碍新鲜食品供应链的运行，也可能导致更多的粮食损失和浪费。 

en-us	Transport restrictions and quarantine measures are likely to impede farmers’ access to markets, curbing their productive capacities and hindering them from selling their produce. 
zh-cn	运输限制和隔离措施可能会造成农民难以进入市场，生产能力受限，以及无法售卖产品。 

en-us	Shortages of labour could disrupt production and processing of food, notably for labour-intensive crops. 
zh-cn	劳动力短缺可能会扰乱食品的生产和加工，特别是劳动密集型食品。 

en-us	Spikes in prices are not expected in major staples where there is supply, stocks, and production is capital intensive, but are more likely for high value commodities, especially meat in the very short term and perishable commodities. 
zh-cn	重要主粮预计不会出现价格飙升，因为供应不受影响、拥有库存，且其生产属于资本密集型操作，但是高价值商品，尤其是肉类和易腐商品的价格很可能在极短的时间内出现飙升。 

en-us	Developing countries/Africa are particularly at risk as the disease can lead to a reduction in labour force, and affect labour intensive forms of production (agriculture) but also because most of the food crises countries are in Sub-Saharan Africa. 
zh-cn	发展中国家/非洲面临的风险尤高，因为新冠肺炎会导致劳动力减少，影响劳动密集型产业（农业），同时也因为大多数陷入粮食危机的国家位于撒哈拉以南非洲。 

en-us	How will the pandemic affect food demand? 
zh-cn	大流行将如何影响粮食需求？ 

en-us	The 2008 financial crisis showed us what can happen when reduced income and uncertainty make people spend less and result in shrinking demand. Sales declined. So did production. 
zh-cn	2008年的金融危机告诉我们，一旦收入减少，不确定性增加，人们会减少支出，进而导致需求缩水，其后果是销售下降，生产也随之减少。 

en-us	At the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been a significant increase in demand. 
zh-cn	在新冠肺炎暴发初期，需求出现大幅增加。 

en-us	Food demand is generally inelastic and its effect on overall consumption will be likely limited, although dietary patterns may alter. 
zh-cn	食品需求总体上缺乏弹性，对整体消费的影响可能较为有限，尽管饮食结构可能出现改变。

en-us	There is a possibility of a disproportionately larger decline in meat consumption (as a result of fears – not science-based – that animals might be hosts of the virus) and other higher-valued products like fruits and vegetables (which are likely to cause price slumps). 
zh-cn	肉类消费可能出现异常的大幅下降（由于担心动物可能是病毒的宿主，该担忧尚无科学依据），水果和蔬菜等其他高价值商品的消费走势也可能与肉类相同（这可能引发价格暴跌）。 

en-us	Food demand in poorer countries is more linked to income, and, here, loss of income-earning opportunities could impact on consumption. 
zh-cn	较贫穷国家的食品需求与收入息息相关，因此丧失创收机会可能会影响消费。 

en-us	Fear of contagion can translate in reduced visits to food markets, and we expect to see a shift in how people buy and consume food - lower restaurant traffic, increased e-commerce deliveries (as evidenced in China), and a rise in eating at home. 
zh-cn	由于担心被传染，人们可能会减少去食品市场的次数。我们预计人们购买和消费食品的方式将会发生变化——餐馆客流量减少，网络购物增加（中国的情况已佐证了这一点），以及在家用餐增加。 

en-us	Following the outbreak of coronavirus, countries around the world started to implement a number of policy measures aimed at avoiding the further spread of the disease. 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎疫情暴发后，各国开始实施一系列政策措施，以避免疾病进一步扩散。 

en-us	However, such measures might affect agricultural production and trade. 
zh-cn	但是，这些措施可能会影响农业生产和贸易。

en-us	For instance, many countries are implementing higher controls on cargo vessels, with the risk of jeopardizing shipping activities. 
zh-cn	例如，许多国家正在对货船实施更严格的管控，这可能会干扰正常的航运活动。 

en-us	Measures affecting the free movement of people, such as seasonal workers, might have an impact on agricultural production, thus affecting market prices globally. 
zh-cn	限制人们（例如季节性工人）自由流动的措施可能会影响农业生产，从而影响全球市场价格。 

en-us	Measures to guarantee acceptable health standards in food factories, may slow down production. 
zh-cn	确保食品工厂落实相应健康标准的措施可能会减慢生产速度。 

en-us	What is the pandemic’s impact on the global economy? 
zh-cn	大流行对全球经济有何影响？ 

en-us	There are several sources of effects over the global economy. 
zh-cn	全球经济将面临多种因素的影响。 

en-us	First, markets are more integrated and interlinked, with a Chinese economy that contributes 16 percent to the global gross domestic product. 
zh-cn	首先，市场更加一体化，联系愈发紧密，中国为全球贡献了16％的GDP。

en-us	Thus, any shock that affects China now has far greater consequences for the world economy. 
zh-cn	因此，如今中国经济受到的任何冲击都将给世界经济带来十分深远的影响。 

en-us	Second, the supply shocks due to morbidity and mortality, but also the containment efforts that restrict mobility and higher costs of doing business due to restricted supply chains and a tightening of credit will affect economies leading to a reduction of economic growth. 
zh-cn	其次，发病率和死亡率对供应产生冲击，遏制措施限制了流动性，而供应链受阻以及信贷收紧导致经营成本攀升，这些都将影响经济，导致经济增长下滑。  

en-us	In March, the OECD cut its forecast for global economic growth in 2020 from 2.9 percent to 2.4 percent, which would be the lowest level since the financial crisis a decade ago, warning that a prolonged and more intensive coronavirus epidemic could even halve this figure to a mere 1.5 percent. 
zh-cn	3月，经合组织将其对2020年全球经济增长的预期从2.9％下调至2.4％，这是十年前爆发金融危机以来的最低水平，其还警告称，若新冠肺炎疫情长期得不到控制、加速蔓延，预期增长率甚至可能减半，跌至1.5％。 

en-us	Third, the demand will also fall due to higher uncertainty, increased precautionary behavior, containment efforts, and rising financial costs that reduce the ability to spend. 
zh-cn	第三，由于不确定性增加，人们加强防护，国家采取遏制措施，以及财务开销上升导致居民消费能力下降，需求也将出现收缩。 

en-us	Finally, there is a significant devaluation of the exchange rate with respect to the US dollar, which will also affect the import dependent countries. 
zh-cn	最后，货币兑美元汇率将大幅下跌，因此，依赖进口的国家也将受到影响。 

en-us	Global food markets are not immune to these developments. 
zh-cn	疫情之下，全球粮食市场也无法幸免于难。

en-us	However, they are likely to be less affected than other sectors that are more exposed to logistical disruptions and weakened demand, such as travel, manufacturing and energy markets (Source: Market Monitor, AMIS, March 2020). 
zh-cn	但是，较之旅游、制造业和能源市场等更易受物流中断和需求减弱影响的行业，粮食市场所受的影响较小（来源：农业市场信息系统：市场监测，2020年3月）。

en-us	But given the complexity of the food value chains and the importance of trade and transportation, these could make them extremely vulnerable. 
zh-cn	但是，考虑到粮食价值链的复杂性以及贸易和运输的重要性，粮食市场也可能因此变得极度脆弱。 

en-us	While COVID-19 likely represents a deflationary shock for the global economy, reflected in early moves by the FAO Food Price Index, in the short term the real cost of a healthy diet may rise because of the increase in the cost of perishable commodities, which would have a particularly adverse impact on lower-income households and raise the price of progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎可能导致全球经济通缩，这一趋势已反映在粮农组织食品价格指数的早期变动中，但是，在短期内，健康饮食的实际成本可能会因易腐商品价格的上涨而上升，这将尤其影响低收入家庭，并增加实现可持续发展目标的成本。  

en-us	This effect, as shown in 2019 The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, will be most importantly in countries with high commodity-import dependence.
zh-cn	如2019年《世界粮食安全和营养状况》报告中所言，高度依赖商品进口的国家最易遭受影响

en-us	 Here, the negative effect is stronger, as a one percent increase in commodity-import dependence causes an average increase in undernourishment of 3.8 percent per year. 
zh-cn	高度依赖商品进口的国家受影响程度更为严重，因为对商品进口的依赖程度每增加1％，就会导致营养不足率平均每年增加3.8％。

en-us	When the country is food-import dependent, there is an average increase in undernourishment of 8% per year. 
zh-cn	如果一国依赖粮食进口，其营养不足率平均每年将增加8％。

en-us	Furthermore, the demand shock will contribute to prolonging and worsening the effect 
zh-cn	此外，需求收缩将延长和加剧这一影响。 

en-us	What are FAO’s recommendations to mitigate the risks of the pandemic on food security and nutrition? 
zh-cn	就减轻大流行对粮食安全和营养的影响而言，粮农组织有何建议？ 

en-us	Pro-active measures are paramount and will cost less at a time when economic resources will be heavily needed. 
zh-cn	在社会需要大量经济资源的时期，积极措施至关重要，且成本更低。

en-us	This is doubly the case given growing expectations of a global recession. 
zh-cn	随着当下对全球经济衰退的预期越来越高，积极措施的意义更为突出。

en-us	Economic slowdowns or contractions were associated with rising hunger levels in 65 out of 77 countries in recent years, as FAO and partners warned in the 2019 The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report. 
zh-cn	粮农组织及其合作伙伴曾在2019年《世界粮食安全和营养状况》报告中警告称，在近年来饥饿状况加剧的77个国家中，65个国家面临经济增长放缓或通缩问题。 

en-us	To mitigate the pandemic’s impacts on food and agriculture, FAO urges countries to: meet the immediate food needs of their vulnerable populations; boost their social protection programmes; keep food supply chains flowing (by, for example not imposing measures that would restrict trade and the mobility of commodities); gain efficiencies (for example, by reducing waste and food losses, resolving logistics bottlenecks) and aim to reduce costs related to trade. 
zh-cn	为减轻大流行病对粮食及农业的影响，粮农组织敦促各国：满足其脆弱人口对粮食的迫切需求：加强他们的社会保障计划：确保食品供应链运转畅通(例如，不采取限制贸易和商品流动措施)：提高效率(例如，减少粮食损失和浪费，解决物流瓶颈)，并致力于降低与贸易相关的成本。 

en-us	More info: 
zh-cn	主要建议包括： 

en-us	Countries should meet the immediate food needs of their vulnerable populations  
zh-cn	各国应满足其脆弱群体的即时粮食需求。 

en-us	For example: ensure emergency food needs are met; 
zh-cn	例如：确保满足紧急粮食需求；

en-us	adjust social protection programmes; 
zh-cn	调整社会保障计划；

en-us	scale up nutritional support; 
zh-cn	加大营养支持；

en-us	support management and prevention of undernourishment; 
zh-cn	加强管理和预防营养不足状况；

en-us	adjust school meal programs so as to continue delivering school meals even when schools are shut. 
zh-cn	调整学校供餐计划，确保在学校关闭的情况下继续提供校餐。 

en-us	For example, with the halt of the FAO-supported school meals programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean, FAO called on the region’s governments to implement measures to support children whose families have greater difficulties in accessing food, and ensure that children’s access to nutritious food is maintained. 
zh-cn	例如，在拉丁美洲和加勒比，由于粮农组织资助的学校供餐计划因疫情暂停，粮农组织呼吁该地区政府采取措施，为粮食获取困难家庭的儿童提供支持，确保儿童能够继续获得营养食品。

en-us	Suggested measures included: food distribution to the most vulnerable families, increase in social protection programs; 
zh-cn	建议采取的措施包括：向最脆弱的家庭分发粮食，加强社会保障计划；

en-us	exemption from taxes on basic food for families with school-age children, especially for workers in the most affected economic sectors; 
zh-cn	对有学龄儿童的家庭实施基本食品免税举措，尤其是就职于受影响最严重经济部门的职工家庭；

en-us	delivery of fresh food from local farmers; 
zh-cn	派送当地农民种植的新鲜食品；

en-us	use of digital tool (georeferenced applications) to improve communication on access points for food deliveries, distribution times, and measures to reduce the risk of COVID-19. 
zh-cn	使用数字工具（具备定位功能的应用程序）来改善有关食品配送点、配送时间以及降低新冠肺炎风险措施的沟通。 

en-us	Countries should boost their social protection programmes  
zh-cn	各国应加强其社会保障计划 

en-us	This could entail: increasing transfer amount to people already benefiting from social assistance through a one-off payment (prior to full blown impact of the crisis as early action to mitigate impact) or ensure multiple payments to help families meet their basic needs; 
zh-cn	可以采取的措施包括：提高补助金额，向依靠社会援助生存的人群发放一次性补助（在危机全面爆发前发放，作为早期救援措施，以减轻影响）或多次补助，以帮助脆弱家庭满足基本需求；

en-us	providing complementary entitlement to off set loss of income for small-scale producers, for example; 
zh-cn	为小规模生产者提供补充福利，以抵消收入损失；

en-us	if food insecurity becomes extremely severe due to massive layoffs, fall in remittances etc., exploring the use of food banks could be an option – through not only direct provision of food by government, but also donations from individuals, solidarity networks, non-governmental organizations; 
zh-cn	如果由于大规模裁员、汇款减少等导致粮食不安全问题变得极为严重，可以考虑使用粮食库，即由政府直接提供粮食，或由个人、团结网络和非政府组织捐赠粮食；

en-us	enabling mobile payment systems to prevent disruptions in delivery of cash entitlements due to restrictions on movement; 
zh-cn	启用移动支付系统，以应对因出行受限而导致的现金福利支付的中断；

en-us	injecting funds in the agricultural sector, for example through a grant facility, can help agri- Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, casual laborers, and salaried staff that cannot work to stay afloat, temporarily, while all business stops. 
zh-cn	向农业部门注入资金（如通过拨款机制），救助农业微型和中小型企业、临时工和因经营暂停而暂时无法工作的企业雇员。 

en-us	Many governments have already introduced or boosted protective measures to combat the impacts of the pandemic on people’s livelihoods. 
zh-cn	许多政府已经实行或强化了保障措施，以抗击大流行对人们生计的影响。 

en-us	Countries should gain efficiencies and try to reduce trade-related costs  
zh-cn	各国应提高效率，并努力降低与贸易相关的成本 

en-us	These include: not impose measures that would restrict trade and mobility of commodities; 
zh-cn	可采取的措施包括：不采取限制商品贸易和流动的措施；

en-us	reduce food waste and losses; 
zh-cn	减少粮食损失和浪费；

en-us	resolve logistics bottlenecks; 
zh-cn	解决物流瓶颈；

en-us	immediately review trade and policy options and their likely impacts; 
zh-cn	立即审议贸易和政策选项及其可能的影响；

en-us	avoid generalized subsidies for food consumers;
zh-cn	避免向粮食消费者提供笼统的补贴；

en-us	 reduce restrictions on use of stocks; 
zh-cn	减少对库存使用的限制；

en-us	reduce import tariffs when governments think is appropriate to minimize, for example, when there is an increase in costs because of devaluation of their currencies and other restrictions; 
zh-cn	在政府认为合适的情况下降低进口关税（例如，当由于本国货币贬值和其他限制而使成本增加时）；

en-us	if needed, review taxation policy to imported goods to compensate from potential cost increases (because of exchange devaluation) and assess exchange devaluation’s potential impacts. 
zh-cn	如有需要，审查对进口货物的税务政策，以弥补潜在的成本增加因素(因为汇率贬值)，并评估汇率贬值的潜在影响。 

en-us	Overall, avoiding any trade restrictions would be beneficial to keep food and feed supplies, as well as those of agricultural inputs, from worsening local conditions already strained by COVID-19 response measures. 
zh-cn	总而言之，避免任何形式的贸易限制将有助于维持粮食、饲料和农业投入品的供应，从而避免各地情况的进一步恶化，新冠肺炎应对措施已使各地面临极大的压力。 

en-us	It is also important that bolstering food security is on the agenda of the more affluent countries where COVID-19 cases are currently most intensely reported. 
zh-cn	对于已报告出现大量病例的较富裕国家而言，将加强粮食安全纳入议程也同样重要。

en-us	Lockdown measures are likely to severely impact incomes of the most vulnerable. 
zh-cn	封城措施可能会严重影响最脆弱群体的收入。 

en-us	Policy makers must monitor trends and take care to avoid accidentally tightening food-supply conditions, something that China has managed so far with creative and adaptive methods. 
zh-cn	政策制定者必须监测趋势，注意避免出现临时粮食供应短缺，就此而言，中国目前所采取的创新性应对措施富有成效。

en-us	Digital technologies have a role to play in anticipating problems and smoothing temporary shortages. 
zh-cn	数字技术在预测问题和缓解临时短缺方面可以发挥作用。 

en-us	Building resilience is a duty for all if we are to reap the benefits of global interdependence. 
zh-cn	要享受全球相互依存的好处，人人都应肩负起提高抵御力的职责。 

en-us	What is the connection between COVID-19 and animals? 
zh-cn	新冠肺炎与动物有何关联？ 

en-us	We already know a lot about other viruses in the coronavirus family, including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. 
zh-cn	我们已经对包括SARS-CoV-1和MERS-CoV 在内的冠状病毒家族有了很多了解。

en-us	Most of these types of viruses have an origin in animals. 
zh-cn	这些类型的病毒大多起源于动物。

en-us	However, the SARs-COV-2 virus which causes COVID-19, is a new virus and FAO is supporting countries and research institutions in ongoing investigations to identify its source and spread. 
zh-cn	然而，引起新冠肺炎的SARs-COV-2病毒是一种新病毒，粮农组织正在支持各国和研究机构进行调查，以确定其来源和传播方式。 

en-us	To date, there is no evidence that animals can transmit the virus to humans. 
zh-cn	截至目前，没有证据表明动物可以将病毒传播给人类。

en-us	As per usual advice, normal hygienic best practices are advised when interacting with animals. 
zh-cn	按照通常的建议，在与动物接触时应遵循卫生最佳做法。

en-us	It is important that the welfare of animals is not compromised as a result of misinformation – this could also have unintended consequences on human health and livelihoods. 
zh-cn	重要的是不要因为错误的信息而损害动物的福祉——这也可能对人类的健康和生计产生意想不到的后果。 

en-us	At this point in time, the highest risk of COVID-19 spread is through human-to-human transmission. 
zh-cn	目前，新冠肺炎的最常见传播途径是人与人之间的传播。 

en-us	As a part of its mandate, FAO coordinates prevention, preparedness and detection of priority pathogens in animals, in close collaboration with World Health Organization (WHO) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), using the One Health approach. 
zh-cn	作为其工作任务的一部分，粮农组织与世界卫生组织（世卫组织）和世界动物卫生组织在“同一个健康”的框架下密切开展合作，协调疫情防备和动物优先病原体检测工作。

en-us	This approach is a unifying force to safeguard human and animal health, to reduce disease threats and to ensure a safe food supply through effective and responsible management of natural resources. 
zh-cn	“同一个健康”框架旨在联合各方力量，通过有效和负责任的自然资源管理办法，共同维护人类和动物健康，减少疾病威胁，并确保安全的粮食供应。 

en-us	With regard to COVID-19, FAO has activated an incident coordination group
zh-cn	面对新冠肺炎疫情，粮农组织成立了疫情协调小组。

en-us	The incident coordination group regularly brings together global, regional and country partners to ensure global coordination of activities and communication on the disease from the perspective of animal health and livelihood resilience. 
zh-cn	该小组定期召集全球、区域和国家合作伙伴商议对策，以确保从全球动物健康和生计抵御力的层面协调有关疫情的行动和交流。 

en-us	To better understand the potential role of animals, FAO is mobilizing specialist networks to assess the risk of exposure to animals. 
zh-cn	为了更好地了解动物的潜在作用，粮农组织正在动员专家网络评估接触动物的风险。 

en-us	We are funding research and training throughout our veterinary laboratory network, in collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and using nuclear techniques to try to detect the possible presence of virus in animals and the environment. 
zh-cn	我们正在与国际原子能机构合作，为兽医实验室网络研究和培训提供资金，并使用核技术尝试检测动物和环境中可能存在的病毒。 

en-us	The resulting arsenal of scientific evidence will help to manage the pandemic in the most effective way. 
zh-cn	由此产生的科学证据库将有助于以最有效的方式管理大流行病。 

en-us	Preventing the disruption of livestock production due to the COVID-19 human pandemic is of the utmost importance for FAO. 
zh-cn	防止由于新冠病毒人类大流行而造成畜牧生产中断。 

en-us	In order to do so, the Organization has been providing guidelines for farmers and animal health workers. 
zh-cn	为此，本组织一直在为农民和动物卫生工作者提供指导。 

en-us	Are there any risks from interacting with animals or consuming animal products? 
zh-cn	与动物接触或食用动物产品是否存在风险？ 

en-us	There is no evidence of any animal including pets playing a role in the spread of the virus. 
zh-cn	没有证据表明包括宠物在内的任何动物会传播病毒。

en-us	As a general practice when caring for any kind of animals, always wash your hands before and after interacting with them. 
zh-cn	但作为常见防护措施，在照料各类动物时，请务必在接触前后洗手。 

en-us	Meat from healthy animals that is cooked thoroughly remains safe to eat. 
zh-cn	彻底煮熟的健康动物的肉可以安全食用。 

en-us	People should not handle, slaughter, dress, sell, prepare or consume meat that originates from wild animals or livestock that are sick or that have died from unknown causes. 
zh-cn	不应处理、宰杀、加工、兜售、制备或食用野生动物以及生病或因不明原因死亡的牲畜。

en-us	Raw wild meat or uncooked dishes based on the blood of wild animals should not be consumed. 
zh-cn	不得食用野生动物的生肉或带有野生动物鲜血的未经烹制的菜肴。

en-us	These practices place people at high risk of contracting any number of infections. 
zh-cn	这些行为将导致极高的感染风险。 

en-us	Any unusual morbidity or mortality of animals should be reported to the animal health authorities. 
zh-cn	动物发病率或死亡率出现任何异常时，都应向动物卫生当局报告。 

en-us	FAO urges animal owners to treat their animals humanely. 
zh-cn	粮农组织敦促动物主人善待自己的动物。

en-us	Misleading information exists on the possible risks posed by animals in the virus’s spread. 
zh-cn	关于动物传播病毒的潜在风险，存在误导信息。 

en-us	How has FAO responded to the COVID-19 outbreak? 
zh-cn	粮农组织如何应对新冠肺炎疫情？ 

en-us	As part of its COVID-19 response, FAO’s priorities are: (1) support developing countries to anticipate and mitigate the pandemic’s impacts on their populations’ food security and livelihoods;
zh-cn	为应对新冠肺炎，粮农组织采取的重点行动包括：（1）支持发展中国家预测大流行对其民众的粮食安全和生计影响，并帮助其减轻相关影响；

en-us	 (2) contribute to discussions on mitigating COVID-19’s impacts on global food trade and markets;
zh-cn	（2）为讨论如何减轻新冠肺炎对全球粮食贸易和市场的影响贡献意见和建议；

en-us	 (3) and support countries and research institutions in ongoing investigations to identify potential animal hosts of the virus and reduce spillover effects to humans. 
zh-cn	（3）支持各国和研究机构继续开展现有调查，以确定病毒的潜在动物宿主，减少其对人类的溢出效益。 

en-us	For example:  
zh-cn	例如： 

en-us	FAO provides policy advice, and shares guidelines and best practices to countries on: ensuring food supply chains’ continuity and protection; 
zh-cn	粮农组织向各国提供相关政策建议，并分享准则和最佳做法，包括：如何确保粮食供应链的连续性和各环节的防护；

en-us	protecting vulnerable populations’ food security and nutrition; 
zh-cn	如何保护脆弱群体的粮食安全和营养；

en-us	food hygiene; 
zh-cn	如何确保食品卫生；

en-us	and ensuring readiness to rapidly detect COVID-19 in animals and animal products, if need be. 
zh-cn	如何确保做好充足准备，在需要时可以迅速检测动物和动物产品中的新冠病毒。 

en-us	FAO and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences are conducting an assessment of the impacts of the pandemic on market chains and rural livelihoods in China. 
zh-cn	粮农组织和中国农业科学院正在评估大流行对中国的市场链和农村生计的影响。 

en-us	FAO’s experience and expertise in strengthening communities’ safety nets and resilience to food insecurity, in food safety and trade can help efforts to safeguard people’s food security, nutrition and livelihoods. 
zh-cn	粮农组织在加强社区安全网，提高社区的粮食不安全抵御力，以及食品安全和贸易方面具备深厚的经验和专业知识，能够帮助各国维护人们的粮食安全、营养和生计。 

en-us	What steps is FAO taking to protect its staff and to ensure that it will be able to continue to deliver on its mandate of fighting hunger? 
zh-cn	为了保护工作人员，并确保继续履行消除饥饿的职责，粮农组织正在采取哪些措施？ 

en-us	Responding to the pandemic’s impacts requires careful operational planning given the potential rapid evolution of the situation on the ground. 
zh-cn	考虑到疫情可能出现迅速扩散，应对新冠肺炎大流行的影响需要制定细致的行动规划。

en-us	FAO’s attention will primarily focus on vulnerable rural populations whose agricultural livelihoods are affected and on buttressing food security for people in places already experience high levels of hunger. 
zh-cn	粮农组织将重点关注农业生计受影响的农村脆弱群体，并为饥饿问题突出地区的民众提供粮食保障。 

en-us	Responding to these impacts requires careful operational planning given the potential rapid evolution of the situation on the ground and will need to take into account different business continuity scenarios and ensure the safety and well-being of staff and beneficiaries. 
zh-cn	考虑到疫情可能迅速蔓延，应对疫情影响时需要制定细致的行动规划，且需要顾及不同的业务连续性预期，保障工作人员和受益人的安全与健康。

en-us	FAO’s activities have been planned with WHO and public health authorities at country level so that they are in line, and supporting containment efforts, and ensure the safety and well-being of staff and beneficiaries.
zh-cn	粮农组织与世卫组织和国家一级的公共卫生当局共同规划本组织的活动，以确保后者参与相关活动，支持疫情遏制工作，并保障工作人员和受益人的安全与健康。