en-us	Background  
zh-cn	背景 

en-us	This document summarises current WHO guidance on global surveillance for COVID-19 in humans, caused by infection with COVID-19 virus. 
zh-cn	本文件概述当前世卫组织关于人感染COVID-19病毒引起的COVID-19的全球监测的指导。

en-us	This guidance should be read in conjunction with WHO's guidance on preparedness, readiness and response activities, which strongly recommends active case finding and testing as well as contact tracing in all transmission scenarios. 
zh-cn	本指导文件应与世卫组织 关于防范、准备和应对活动的指导文件一起阅读，该指导文件强烈建议在所有传播情况下主动发现和检测病例以及追踪 接触者。

en-us	Aggregate reporting should be considered a temporary stop-gap measure only when individual case reporting is not possible. 
zh-cn	只有在不可能进行个案报告的情况下，汇总报告才应被视为暂时的权宜之计。

en-us	WHO will continue to update this guidance as new information about COVID-19 becomes available. 
zh-cn	世卫组织将在获得关于COVID- 19 的新信息后继续更新本指导文件。 

en-us	Updated information and other guidance on COVID-19 can be found on the WHO COVID-19 website. 
zh-cn	关于COVID-19的最新信息和其它指导文件，参见世卫组织COVID-19网站 

en-us	What is new: 
zh-cn	新内容： 

en-us	Updated case definition for a probable case 
zh-cn	经过更新的可能病例的病例定义 

en-us	Definition of transmission pattern 
zh-cn	传播模式的定义 

en-us	Revision of the definition of a contact 
zh-cn	对接触者定义的修订 

en-us	Update on global surveillance with aggregated data reporting 
zh-cn	通过汇总数据报告更新全球监测数据 

en-us	Purpose of this document  
zh-cn	文件目的 

en-us	This document provides guidance to Member States on implementation of global surveillance for COVID-19. 
zh-cn	本文件为会员国实施COVID-19的全球监测提供指导。 

en-us	Objectives of the surveillance 
zh-cn	监测目标 

en-us	The objectives of the global surveillance are to: 
zh-cn	全球监测目标为： 

en-us	Monitor trends in COVID-19 disease at national and global levels. 
zh-cn	在国家和全球层面监测COVID-19疾病的趋势。 

en-us	Rapidly detect new cases in countries where the virus is not circulating, and monitor cases in countries where the virus has started to circulate. 
zh-cn	在病毒未传播的国家迅速发现新病例，并监测病毒巳开始传播国家的病例。 

en-us	Provide epidemiological information to conduct risk assessments at the national, regional and global level. 
zh-cn	为进行国家、区域和全球风险评估提供流行病学信息。 

en-us	Provide epidemiological information to guide preparedness and response measures. 
zh-cn	为指导防范和应对措施提供流行病学信息。 

en-us	Case definitions for surveillance  
zh-cn	监测的病例定义 

en-us	Case and contact definitions are based on the current available information and are regularly revised as new information accumulates. 
zh-cn	病例和接触者的定义是根据目前掌握的信息制定的，并随着新信息的积累定期加以修订。

en-us	Countries may need to adapt case definitions depending on their local epidemiological situation and other factors. 
zh-cn	各国可能需要根据其当地 的流行病学情况及其它因素对病例定义进行修改适用。

en-us	All countries are encouraged to publish definitions used online and in regular situation reports, and to document periodic updates to definitions which may affect the interpretation of surveillance data. 
zh-cn	鼓励所有国家公布网上和定期情况报告中使用的定义，并记录可 能影响监测数据解读的定义定期更新。 

en-us	Suspect case 
zh-cn	疑似病例 

en-us	A patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, shortness of breath), AND a history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset; 
zh-cn	患者表现为急性呼吸道疾病（即发热以及至少一种呼吸道疾病体征或症状，例如咳嗽、气促），且在发病前14天内 有在报告COVID-19疾病的社区传播的地方的旅行或居住史； 

en-us	A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID -19 case (see definition of contact) in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset; 
zh-cn	患者表现为任何急性呼吸道疾病，且在发病前14天内与COVID-19确诊病例或可能病例有接触史（见接触者定义）； 

en-us	A patient with severe acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, shortness of breath; AND requiring hospitalization) AND in the absence of an alternative diagnosis that fully explains the clinical presentation. 
zh-cn	患者表现为严重急性呼吸道疾病（即发热，以及至少一种呼吸道疾病体征或症状，例如咳嗽、气促；并且需要住院）， 且无其它诊断可充分解释临床表现。 

en-us	Probable case 
zh-cn	可能病例 

en-us	A suspect case for whom testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive. 
zh-cn	COVID-19病毒检测无定论的疑似病例、 

en-us	A suspect case for whom testing could not be performed for any reason. 
zh-cn	因任何原因无法进行检测的疑似病例。 

en-us	Confirmed case  
zh-cn	确诊病例 

en-us	A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms. 
zh-cn	无论有无临床体征和症状，经实验室确诊感染COVID-19的人。 

en-us	See laboratory guidance for details: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novd-coronavirus-2019/technical- guidance/laboratory-guidance 
zh-cn	详见实验室指南：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/laboratory- guidance 

en-us	Contact 
zh-cn	接触者 

en-us	A contact is a person who experienced any one of the following exposures during the 2 days before and the 14 days after the onset of symptoms of a probable or confirmed case: 
zh-cn	接触者是指在可能病例或确诊病例的症状出现前2天和症状出现后14天内与其有过以下任何一种接触的人： 

en-us	Face-to-face contact with a probable or confirmed case within 1 meter and for more than 15 minutes; 
zh-cn	在1米的范围内与可能病例或确诊病例面对面接触超过15分钟； 

en-us	Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case; 
zh-cn	与可能病例或确诊病例的直接身体接触； 

en-us	Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper personal protective equipment; OR 
zh-cn	在没有使用适当的个人防护装备的情况下对COVID-19疾病的可能或确诊患者进行直接护理2;或 

en-us	Other situations as indicated by local risk assessments. 
zh-cn	当地风险评估所示其它情况。 

en-us	Note: for confirmed asymptomatic cases, the period of contact is measured as the 2 days before through the 14 days after the date on which the sample was taken which led to confirmation. 
zh-cn	注：就确诊的无症状病例而言，接触时间是采集样本从而确诊的日期之前的2天到之后的14天。 

en-us	Recommendations for laboratory testing  
zh-cn	关于实验室检测的建议 

en-us	Any persons meeting the criteria for testing should be tested for COVID-19 infection using available molecular tests. 
zh-cn	应采用可用的分子检测法对任何符合检测标准的人进行COVID-19感染检测。

en-us	However, depending on the intensity of the transmission, the number of cases and the laboratory capacity, only a subset of the suspect cases may prioritized for testing. 
zh-cn	然而，根据传播的强度、病例的数 量和实验室的能力，只有一部分疑似病例可以优先进行检测。 

en-us	During community transmission WHO recommends prioritizing persons to be tested as indicated in the WHO global testing strategy for COVID-19. 
zh-cn	在社区传播过程中，世卫组织建议按照世卫组织COVID-19全球检测战略中的指示，确定待检测人员的优先顺序。 

en-us	To monitor the full extent of the circulation of the virus in the general population, WHO recommends implementing testing for COVID-19 via existing national sentinel surveillance sites for influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). 
zh-cn	为了监测该病毒在普通人群中的传播范围，世卫组织建议通过现有的流感样疾病和严重急性呼吸道感染国家哨点监 测站进行 COVID-19 检测。

en-us	Guidance will be made available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical- guidance/surveillance-and-case-definitions 
zh-cn	指南见：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/ surveillance-and-case-definitions 

en-us	Recommendations for reporting surveillance data to WHO  
zh-cn	关于向世卫组织报告监测数据的建议 

en-us	National authorities may use either case-based reporting or aggregate reporting. 
zh-cn	国家主管部门可以采用基于病例的报告或汇总报告。

en-us	In some circumstances, such as countries with areas experiencing different transmission patterns, a combination of both case-based and aggregate reporting could be considered. 
zh-cn	在某些情况下，例如一些国家的不同地区正在经历 不同的传播模式，可以考虑将基于病例的报告与汇总报告相结合。

en-us	The decision to use case-based or aggregate reporting should be based on the capacity of health authorities and the number of cases. 
zh-cn	采用基于病例的报告或汇总报告的决定应 基于卫生主管部门的能力和病例数量。

en-us	National authorities may move from case-based to aggregate reporting as the number of cases increases, and then back to case-based as the number of cases decreases. 
zh-cn	随着病例数量的增加，国家主管部门可能会从基于病例的报告转向汇 总报告，然后随着病例数量的减少，又转回基于病例的报告。 

en-us	Case-based reporting:  
zh-cn	基于病例的报告： 

en-us	WHO requests that national authorities report probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection within 48 hours of identification, by providing the minimum data set outlined in the “Revised case reporting form for 2019 Novel Coronavirus of confirmed and probable cases” through the National Focal Point and the Regional Contact Point for International Health Regulations at the appropriate WHO regional office. 
zh-cn	世卫组织要求国家主管部门在确定后48小时内报告COVID-19感染的可能病例和确诊病例，为此应通过国家归口 单位和世卫组织区域办事处的《国际卫生条例》区域联络点，提供“经修订的2019新型冠状病毒确诊病例和可能病例的 病例报告表”中所列最小数据集。

en-us	A template for the revised line listing in Excel format with a data dictionary is available. 
zh-cn	现有经修订的以Excel格式列报的表格模板和数据字典可供使用。

en-us	If the outcome of the patient is not yet available at first reporting, an update of the line list should be provided as soon as outcome data becomes available, within 30 days of the first report. 
zh-cn	如果首次报告时尚 未获得患者的结果，则应在首次报告后30天内，在获得结果数据后立即更新列报。 

en-us	Reporting of case-based data through the case report form is requested while the Ministry of Health is maintaining a case-based surveillance. 
zh-cn	在卫生部保持基于病例的监测时，要求通过病例报告表报告基于病例的数据。

en-us	When it is no longer feasible to report case-based data, countries are requested to provide aggregated data for surveillance. 
zh-cn	当报告基于病例的数据不再可行时， 要求各国为监测提供汇总数据。 

en-us	Aggregated reporting  
zh-cn	汇总报告 

en-us	For all countries to understand the epidemiology and trends of COVID-19, all Member States are requested to provide the following minimum set of aggregate counts, once weekly. 
zh-cn	为了让所有国家了解COVID-19的流行病学和趋势，要求所有会员国每周提供一次以下总计数的最小数据集。 

en-us	At national level: 
zh-cn	在国家一级： 

en-us	Weekly number of new confirmed cases 
zh-cn	每周新增确诊病例数 

en-us	Weekly number of new confirmed case deaths from COVID-19 
zh-cn	每周新增COVID-19确诊病例死亡数 

en-us	Weekly number of new confirmed cases hospitalised due to COVID-19 disease 
zh-cn	每周因COVID-19疾病住院的新增确诊病例数 

en-us	Weekly number of confirmed cases discharged 
zh-cn	每周出院的确诊病例数 

en-us	Weekly number of persons tested for COVID-19 
zh-cn	每周接受COVID-19检测的人数 

en-us	Weekly number of new confirmed cases by age-group in years (using: 0-<5, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65¬74, 75-84, 85 and above, age missing) 
zh-cn	按年龄组分列的每周新增确诊病例数（使用：0-<5岁、5-14岁、15-24岁、25-34岁、35-44岁、45-54岁、55- 64岁、65-74岁、75-84岁、85岁及以上、年龄缺失） 

en-us	Proportion of males among the new confirmed cases - calculated as the number of new confirmed cases in males, divided by the total new confirmed cases for which sex is known 
zh-cn	男性在新增确诊病例中所占的比例一一以男性中新增确诊病例数除以已知性别的新增确诊病例总数计算 

en-us	Weekly number of new confirmed case deaths by age-group in years (using: 0-<5, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55¬64, 65-74, 75-84, 85 and above, age missing) 
zh-cn	按年龄组分列的每周新增确诊病例死亡数（使用：0-<5岁、5-14岁、15-24岁、25-34岁、35-44岁、45-54 岁、55-64岁、65-74岁、75-84岁、85岁及以上、年龄缺失） 

en-us	Proportion of males among the new confirmed case deaths - calculated as the number of new confirmed case deaths in males, divided by the total new confirmed case deaths for which sex is known 
zh-cn	男性在新增确诊病例死亡中所占的比例一一以男性中新增确诊病例死亡人数除以已知性别的新增确诊病例死亡 总数计算 

en-us	At subnational level: 
zh-cn	在国家以下级别： 

en-us	Transmission pattern by administrative level 1 as self-assessed by the Member State  
zh-cn	会员国自我评估的第一行政级别的传播模式 

en-us	Note: if it is not possible to assess transmission classification at administrative level 1, Member States should assign their highest level of transmission classification in any one area to the entire country. 
zh-cn	注：如果无法在第一行政级别评估传播分类，会员国应将其任何一个地区的最高传播分类级别指定为整个国家的级别。 

en-us	Country meta-data: 
zh-cn	国家元数据： 

en-us	Member States are encouraged to provide two types of meta-data: 
zh-cn	鼓励会员国提供两种类型的元数据： 

en-us	Case definitions used by the country, provided once at start of reporting. 
zh-cn	国家使用的病例定义，在报告开始时提供一次。

en-us	Countries are further requested to notify any changes to case definitions, and the date these definitions came into effect. 
zh-cn	还要求各国通报病例定义的任何变更，以及这些定义生效的日 期。 

en-us	The Epidemiological reporting week used by the country (i.e. Monday to Sunday, Sunday to Saturday, or Sunday to Thursday). 
zh-cn	国家使用的流行病学报告周（即周一至周日、周日至周六或周日至周四）。 

en-us	Countries are additionally requested to share national situation reports at whatever frequency they are produced. 
zh-cn	此外，还要求各国分享以任何频率编制的国家情况报告。 

en-us	Member State Self-Reporting Platform  
zh-cn	会员国自我报告平台 

en-us	The designated national authority is asked to provide data directly to the self-reporting platform, which will be publicly available without editing or filtering by WHO. 
zh-cn	指定的国家主管部门被要求直接向自我报告平台提供数据，这些数据将公开，无需世卫组织编辑或过滤。

en-us	Aggregate data will be made available to all Member States and the wider general public through the WHO website, may be pooled with other data to inform international response operations, and periodically published in WHO situation updates and other formats for the benefit of all Member States. 
zh-cn	汇总数据 将通过世卫组织网站提供给所有会员国和广大公众，可与其它数据汇集在一起，为国际应对行动提供信息，并定期以世 卫组织情况更新和其他形式发布，以造福所有会员国。

en-us	Member states can self-report their data in two ways: 
zh-cn	会员国可以通过两种方式自我报告数据： 

en-us	Upload an Excel file directly into the system 
zh-cn	将一个Excel文档直接上传到系统中 

en-us	Manually enter data using the submission platform provided  
zh-cn	使用提供的提交平台手动输入数据  

en-us	All tools and further instructions for data submission are available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novd- coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/surveillance-and-case-definitions  WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any changes that may affect this interim guidance. 
zh-cn	用于提交数据的所有工具和进一步说明见：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical- guidance/surveillance-and-case-definitions 世卫组织继续密切监测情况，以了解可能影响本临时指导文件的任何变化。

en-us	Should any factors change, WHO will issue a further update. 
zh-cn	如果任何因素发生变化，世卫组织将发 布进一步的更新。

en-us	Otherwise, this interim guidance document will expire 2 years after the date of publication.
zh-cn	否则，本临时指导文件将在发布日期后2年到期