en-us	Due to the global circulation of the virus causing COVID-19 and the current pandemic, there is risk of disruption to routine immunization activities due to both COVID-19 related burden on the health system and decreased demand for vaccination because of physical distancing requirements or community reluctance. 
zh-cn	导致COVID-19和当前大流行的病毒在全球传播，由于COVID-19对卫生系统造成的相关负担以及保持物理距离要求或社区不情愿而导致疫苗接种需求减少，有可能导致常规免疫接种活动中断。

en-us	Disruption of immunization services, even for brief periods, will result in increased numbers of susceptible individuals and raise the likelihood of outbreak-prone vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) such as measles. 
zh-cn	免疫接种服务的中断，即使是短暂的中断，也会导致易感人群数量增加，并增加麻疹等易暴发的疫苗可预防疾病（VPDs)的可能性

en-us	Such VPD outbreaks may result in increased morbidity and mortality predominantly in young infants and other vulnerable groups, which can cause greater burden on health systems already strained by the COVID-19 response. 
zh-cn	这类疫苗可预防疾病的暴发可能会导致发病率和死亡率增加，主要是在婴儿和其他弱势群体中，这可能会给已经因应对COVID-19而紧张的卫生系统造成更大的负担。

en-us	The high potential for VPD outbreaks makes it imperative for countries to maintain continuity of immunization services wherever services can be conducted under safe conditions. 
zh-cn	极有可能暴发疫苗可预防疾病使得各国必须在安全条件下提供免疫接种服务的地方保持此类服务的连续性。

en-us	Prior disease outbreaks and humanitarian emergencies have underscored the importance of maintaining essential health services such as immunization, and effectively engaging communities in planning and service delivery. 
zh-cn	以前暴发的疾病疫情和人道主义紧急情况凸显了维持免疫接种等基本保健服务以及有效地让社区参与规划和提供免疫接种服务的重要性。

en-us	Yet the complexity and global reach of the COVID-19 response with respect to mandatory physical distancing (also referred to as social distancing) and economic impact on households is unprecedented for public health. 
zh-cn	然而，应对 COVID-19在强制性保持物理距离（也称为保持社交距离）和对家庭造成的经济影响方面的复杂性和全球影响对于公共卫生而言前所未有。 

en-us	This document provides guiding principles and considerations to support countries in their decision-making regarding provision of immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic and is endorsed by the WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization. 
zh-cn	本文件为支持各国就COVID-19大流行期间提供免疫接种服务的决策提供了指导原则和考虑因素，并得到了世卫组织免疫战略咨询专家小组的认可。

en-us	It is complemented by a range of WHO technical materials on response and mitigation measures for COVID-19. 
zh-cn	世卫组织为COVID-19提供了一系列关于应对和缓解措施的技术材料。

en-us	Each country will need to make individual risk assessments based on the local dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, immunization and health system characteristics, and current VPD epidemiology in their setting. 
zh-cn	每个国家都需要根据当地COVID-19传播动态、免疫和卫生系统特征以及当地目前疫苗可预防疾病流行病学情况进行单独风险评估。 

en-us	Guiding Principles 
zh-cn	指导原则 

en-us	Immunization is a core health service that should be prioritized for the prevention of communicable diseases and safeguarded for continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic, where feasible. 
zh-cn	免疫接种是一项核心卫生服务，应优先用于预防传染病，并在可行的情况下，在COVID-19大流行期间保持连续性。

en-us	Immunization delivery strategies may need to be adapted and should be conducted under safe conditions, without undue harm to health workers, caregivers and the community. 
zh-cn	免疫接种战略可能需要调整，并应在安全的条件下进行，且不会对卫生工作者、护理人员和社区造成不当危害。 

en-us	VPD surveillance should be maintained and reinforced to enable early detection and management of VPD cases, and where feasible, contribute to surveillance of COVID-19. 
zh-cn	应保持和加强疫苗可预防疾病监测，以便能够及早发现和管理疫苗可预防疾病病例，并在可行的情况下，促进COVID-19的监测。 

en-us	National authorities will need to continuously monitor the dynamics of COVID-19 in their country or region. 
zh-cn	国家主管部门需要持续监测COVID-19在其本国或本地区的动态。

en-us	National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) have an important role in providing advice with respect to the maintenance, adaptation, suspension and/or reinstatement of immunization services. 
zh-cn	国家免疫技术咨询小组在就维持、调整、暂停和/或恢复免疫接种服务提供意见方面发挥着重要作用。 

en-us	If provision of immunization services is negatively impacted by COVID-19, countries will need to design strategies for catch-up vaccination for the period post COVID-19 outbreak and make plans which anticipate a gradual recovery. 
zh-cn	如果免疫接种服务的提供受到COVID-19的负面影响，各国将需要为COVID-19暴发后这段时期制定强化疫苗接种战略，并制定预期逐步恢复的计划。

en-us	Implementation of catch-up will require strategies to track and follow-up with individuals who missed vaccinations, assess immunity gaps, and re-establish community demand. 
zh-cn	实施强化疫苗接种需要制定战略跟踪和跟进未接种疫苗的个人，评估免疫接种缺口，并重新确定社区需求。

en-us	Innovation and creativity will be required. 
zh-cn	需要创新和创造力。 

en-us	Based on the current understanding of transmission of the COVID-19 virus and recommendations for physical distancing, mass vaccination campaigns should be temporarily suspended. 
zh-cn	根据目前对COVID-19病毒传播的了解和保护身体隔离的建议，大规模疫苗接种活动应暂时停止。

en-us	Countries should monitor and re-evaluate at regular intervals the necessity for delaying mass vaccination campaigns. 
zh-cn	各国应定期监测和重新评估推迟大规模疫苗接种活动的必要性。 

en-us	The conduct of outbreak response mass vaccination campaigns will require a careful risk-benefit analysis on a case-by-case basis, assessing risks of a delayed response against the risks associated with an immediate response, both in terms of morbidity and mortality for the VPD and the potential impact of further transmission of the COVID-19 virus. 
zh-cn	开展疫情应对大规模疫苗接种活动将需要在个案基础上进行仔细的风险一效益分析，根据疫苗可预防疾病的发病率和死亡率以及COVID-19病毒进一步传播的潜在影响，评估延迟应对的风险与立即应对相关的风险。 

en-us	Where feasible, influenza vaccination of health workers, older adults, and pregnant women is advised. 
zh-cn	在可行的情况下，建议卫生工作者、老年人和孕妇接种流感疫苗。 

en-us	Considerations for Routine Immunization and VPD Surveillance  
zh-cn	常规免疫接种和疫苗可预防疾病监测的考量因素 

en-us	The decision to maintain immunization services will be influenced by local mandates for physical distancing and guided by health system context, the local burden of VPDs, the status and anticipated status of local COVID-19 transmission (classified as no cases, sporadic, clusters, or community transmission), and factors such as population demographics and migration patterns. 
zh-cn	维持免疫接种服务的决定将受到当地保持物理距离要求的影响，并以卫生系统环境、当地疫苗可预防疾病负担、当地COVID-19传播现状和预期状态（分类为无病例、散发病例、聚集性病例或社区传播）以及人口统计和迀移模式等因素为指导。 

en-us	Where health system capacity is intact and essential health services are operational (e.g., adequate human resources, adequate vaccine supply), fixed site immunization services and VPD surveillance should be executed while maintaining physical distancing measures and appropriate infection control precautions, equipped with the necessary supplies for those precautions. 
zh-cn	在卫生系统能力完好且基本卫生服务运行正常的情况下（例如，充足的人力资源、充足的疫苗供应），应提供固定场所免疫接种服务和进行疫苗可预防疾病监测，同时坚持保持物理距离措施和适当的感染控制预防措施，并为这些预防措施提供必要的供给品。 

en-us	The appropriateness of implementing alternative strategies (e.g. outreach or mobile services), as well as activities requiring community interaction for VPD surveillance, must be assessed in the local context and should be adapted to ensure the safety of the health workers and community. 
zh-cn	必须根据当地环境评估实施替代战略（例如，外联或移动服务）是否合适以及需要社区互动进行疫苗可预防疾病监测的各项活动，并应进行调整以确保卫生工作者和社区的安全。

en-us	Innovative methods for vaccination delivery should be explored to optimize service delivery. 
zh-cn	应探索创新型疫苗接种方法，从而优化服务提供。 

en-us	Where the provision of limited services is feasible, immunization of vulnerable populations at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to VPDs should be prioritized for vaccination against outbreak-prone diseases such as measles, polio, diphtheria and yellow fever. 
zh-cn	在提供有限服务可行的地方，应优先为因疫苗可预防疾病导致发病率和死亡率增加的弱势人群进行免疫接种，以预防麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、白喉和黄热病等易暴发疾病。 

en-us	Considerations for Mass Vaccination Campaigns  
zh-cn	大规模免疫接种活动的考量因素 

en-us	Based on the current understanding of the transmission modes of the COVID-19 virus and the recommended prevention measures of physical distancing, it is advised to temporarily suspend the conduct of mass vaccination campaigns due to the increased risk of promoting community circulation. 
zh-cn	基于目前对COVID-19病毒传播模式的了解和建议的保持物理距离预防措施，鉴于加大社区传播的风险增加，建议暂时停止开展大规模疫苗接种活动。

en-us	Countries should monitor and re-evaluate at regular intervals the necessity for the delay of mass vaccination campaigns. 
zh-cn	各国应定期监测和重新评估推迟大规模疫苗接种活动的必要性。 

en-us	Under circumstances of a VPD outbreak, the decision to conduct outbreak response mass vaccination campaigns will require a risk-benefit assessment on a case by case basis and must factor in the health system's capacity to effectively conduct a safe and high-quality mass campaign in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. 
zh-cn	在疫苗可预防疾病暴发的情况下，开展疫情应对大规模疫苗接种活动的决定需要逐个案例进行风险-效益评估，并且必须考虑到卫生系统在COVID-19大流行背景下有效开展安全、高质量大规模活动的能力。

en-us	The assessment should evaluate the risks of a delayed response against the risks associated with an immediate response, both in terms of morbidity and mortality for the VPD and the potential impact of further transmission of the COVID-19 virus. 
zh-cn	评估应根据疫苗可预防疾病的发病率和死亡率以及COVID-19病毒进一步传播的潜在影响，评估延迟应对的风险和与立即应对相关的风险。 

en-us	—Should an outbreak response vaccination campaign be pursued, stringent measures are required to uphold standard and COVID-19 infection prevention and control, adequately handle injection waste, protect health workers and safeguard the public. 
zh-cn	^如果开展疫情应对疫苗接种活动，需要采取严格措施来维护标准并预防和控制COVID-19感染，充分处置注射废弃物，保护卫生工作者和公众。 

en-us	—Should an outbreak response vaccination campaign be delayed, a periodic assessment based on local VPD morbidity and mortality, as well as regional and international epidemiology will be required to evaluate risk of further delay. 
zh-cn	如果疫情应对疫苗接种活动延迟，将需要根据当地疫苗可预防疾病发病率和死亡率以及区域和国际流行病学情况进行定期评估，以评估进一步延迟的风险。 

en-us	Consideration for Re-establishing Immunization Services  
zh-cn	重建免疫接种服务的考量因素 

en-us	In circumstances where immunization services must be diminished or suspended, countries should reinstate and reinvigorate immunization services at the earliest opportunity to close immunity gaps, once reduced local transmission of the COVID-19 virus permits primary health care services to resume. 
zh-cn	在免疫接种服务必须减少或暂停的情况下，一旦COVID-19病毒的本地传播减少，允许初级保健服务恢复，各国应尽早恢复和振兴免疫接种服务，以缩小免疫接种缺口。 

en-us	If resources for catch-up are limited, catch-up immunization activities should place priority on outbreak-prone VPDs such as measles, polio, diphtheria, and yellow fever. 
zh-cn	如果用于强化疫苗接种的资源有限，强化疫苗接种活动应将重点放在麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、白喉和黄热病等易暴发的疫苗可预防疾病上。 

en-us	Countries should implement effective communication strategies and engage with communities to allay concerns, enhance community linkages and re-establish community demand for vaccination.
zh-cn	各国应实施有效的宣传战略，并与社区合作，以减少忧虑，加强社区联系，并重新确定社区对疫苗接种的需求。