en-us	Imagine a virtual space where to search and find what decision makers are doing in their countries worldwide to respond to and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  
zh-cn	想象这样一个虚拟空间：可随时查阅世界各国为应对和减缓2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情影响所做的各项决策。 

en-us	A global library that provides detailed information on how different countries, with different social and fiscal landscapes and diverse agricultural endowments,  
zh-cn	通过这个全球图书馆，可以查询到社会财政条件和农业禀赋不尽相同的各个国家在面对出行和其他卫生限制举措时， 

en-us	are trying to keep their supply chains moving amid the disruptions caused by travel and other health restrictions.   
zh-cn	如何设法保持各自供应链正常运转的详细信息。 

en-us	That space is now available and free to access. 
zh-cn	这一虚拟空间如今已经建成并免费开放。 

en-us	FAO has outlined some broad principles - avoid food export bans, bolster social protection programmes for the most vulnerablewhose adoption can contribute to keeping vital food supply and value chains alive amid the disruptions caused by travel and other health restrictions.  
zh-cn	粮农组织已经提出了一些总体原则，例如避免出台粮食出口禁令，加强对弱势群体的社会保障等，帮助各国在面对出行和其他卫生限制举措时，维持主要粮食供应和价值链的正常运转。 

en-us	Yet on the ground every country is different, with particular social and fiscal landscapes as well as agricultural endowments.  
zh-cn	然而，每个国家的实际情况不同，社会和财政状况以及农业禀赋各异。 

en-us	As a result,sopolicies often need to be tailor-made  to ensure food security for all.  
zh-cn	因此，各项政策需要因地制宜，以保障所有人的粮食安全。 

en-us	India, for example, is rolling out software for warehouse-based trading of harvested foodstuffs that reduce the risks of congestion at wholesale markets where farmers sell their produce.  
zh-cn	例如，印度推出了一款交易软件，实现了粮食收获在仓库间的交易，减少农民在批发市场出售产品时发生拥挤的风险。 

en-us	Poland is offering subsidized loans to keep food processing facilities working.  
zh-cn	波兰正在提供补贴贷款，以维持食品加工设施的正常运转。 

en-us	South Sudan is allowing restaurants to offer takeaway services.  
zh-cn	南苏丹宣布允许餐馆提供外卖服务。 

en-us	The Russian Federation, where lockdown measures began this month (April), is expediting benefit payments  sent to low-income households with children. 
zh-cn	于本月（4月）实施封锁的俄罗斯联邦则加快向有未成年子女的低收入家庭发放补助金。 

en-us	"There is no one-size-fits-all-solution but there are numerous initiatives that can inspire adaptive policies that can be fast-tracked and put to work helping people," says FAO Chief Economist Maximo Torero. 
zh-cn	没有一种放之四海皆准的解决方案，但当前已采取的多样化举措可提供参考，有助于制定合适的应对政策并予以快速落实，为民众提供帮助，粮农组织首席经济学家Maximo Torero表示。" 

en-us	"Best practices are in the eye of the beholder if you will, and they can help countries craft smarter policies and anticipate coming challenges."  
zh-cn	最佳做法来自各国的经验总结，可以帮助其他国家制定更明智的政策，并对未来的挑战进行预判。 

en-us	To make it easier for all member states to consider their options, FAO is relying on its recently revamped FAPDA data base.  
zh-cn	为了方便所有成员国考虑各类备选措施，粮农组织最近完善了FAPDA数据库。 

en-us	The acronym stands for Food and Agriculture Policy Decision Analysis and the tool is an easy-to-use platform for countries to share what they are doing and rapidly search for ideas from their peers. 
zh-cn	其全称是"粮食和农业政策决定分析"数据库，在该平台上，各国既可以方便地分 享自己的举措，也可以快速搜索其他国家的做法。 

en-us	"We're in an emergency and time is of the essence", says Torero. 
zh-cn	"情况十分危急，我们必须争分夺秒"，Torero表示。

en-us	"This tool is already up and running." 
zh-cn	“数据库已经投入运作了。” 

en-us	FAPDA was set up to collect countries' food security policy decisions in the wake of the global food price crises of 2008.  
zh-cn	FAPDA数据库成立于2008年全球粮食价格危机期间，当时被用以收集各国的粮食安全决策信息。 

en-us	On the COVID-19 pandemic's eve, the database was offering over 10 000 policy decisions and 2 000 national policy frameworks from 100 countries.  
zh-cn	在新冠疫情暴发前，该数据库汇集了来自100个国家的1万多项决策和2000多个国家政策框架。 

en-us	FAO subsequently decided to adjust this wealthy database to host also a new section that maps current official decisions being taken around the world to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic on food and agricultural systems. 
zh-cn	疫情暴发后，粮农组织随即决定扩充这一内容丰富的数据库，新增一个栏目，专门收集世界各国为减轻疫情对当前粮食和农业系统的影响而作出的官方决定。 

en-us	These can range from Japan's ¥6 trillion cash transfer scheme to Sri Lanka's creation of a hotline for emerging issues faced by tea and coconut growers and exporters.  
zh-cn	其中收集的决策信息包罗万象，既包含日本出台的6万亿日元现金补助计划，也包含斯里兰卡设立热线帮助茶叶和椰子种植者和出口商解决新问题的做法。 

en-us	To add value and speed for its users, the open-access spaceis searchable in a variety of ways:  
zh-cn	该平台对外公开，为了提高使用价值和速度，其提供多种检索方式： 

en-us	by country, chronology,and commodity; 
zh-cn	按国家、时间和商品检索； 

en-us	by targets - consumers, producers or trade - 
zh-cn	按目标检索，如消费者、生产者或贸易； 

en-us	and themes, such as nutrition, tax or natural resource management.  
zh-cn	或者按主题检索，如营养、税收或自然资源管理等。 

en-us	It also indicates the date and legal stage attained by the various measures, and offers an easy-to-use module to submit a new policy action, which will be added to the data base after validation by the FAPDA team.  
zh-cn	还标注了各类措施的出台时间和法律状态，并为用户设计了一个简单明了的新政策行动提交模块，提交的内容经FAPDA工作组验证后会被添加到数据库中。 

en-us	Adding depth to breadth 
zh-cn	确保广度，增加深度 

en-us	Appropriate policies to bolster food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic naturally vary depending on circumstances. 
zh-cn	各国国情不同，面对疫情，为增强粮食系统所采取的政策自然也不尽相同。 

en-us	Some countries import most of their food, while others import some products while exporting others, meaning trade remains highly important.  
zh-cn	一些国家的大部分粮食依赖进口，还有一些国家在出口的同时也进口部分产品，因此，贸易仍然非常重要。 

en-us	State and fiscal capacities vary enormously, as do social patterns such as population density, urbanization, and access to sanitation, education and digital technologies. 
zh-cn	各国的国力和财力截然不同，人口密度、城市化水平，以及环境卫生、教育和数字技术的获取方式等社会形态也大相径庭。 

en-us	Yet FAO's accumulated expertise, from engaging in agricultural, rural development and humanitarian relief projects in many countries over many decades, allows for some evaluations to be made. 
zh-cn	粮农组织几十年来一直参与各国的农业、农村发展和人道主义救援项目，在此过程中积累了丰富的专业知识，所以有能力做出一些评价。 

en-us	So, to complement FAPDA, FAO has bolsteredanother policy platform to analyze past experiences in terms of their likely advantages and drawbacks in the effort to keep food and agricultural systems alive during this crisis.  
zh-cn	在此基础上，粮农组织还推出了另一个政策平台，作为对FAPDA数据库的补充。 该平台分析了过往经验的优缺点，用于帮助各国在疫情期间维持粮食和农业系统的正常运转。 

en-us	Maintaining food value chains to ensure food security amid a pandemic that often requires sharp restrictions on human movement raises a host of issues related to existing institutions such as school feeding programmes and making sure that smallholders have a way to sell their output to protect their own livelihoods and enhance those of others - be they rural smallholders in developing countries or participants in farmers' markets in more industrialized nations. 
zh-cn	为应对疫情，往往需要严格限制人员的流动，因此，在新冠疫情期间确保粮食价值链的正常运转、保障粮食供应，现有各项体制将面临一连串的考验。例如如何维持学校供餐计划，或是如何保障小农户的销售渠道，使其能够养活自己并惠及他人？无论是发展中国家的小农户，还是工业化国家的农民市场参与者，均面临艰难处境。 

en-us	"Our goal here is to make all decision makers, from the public and private sector, able to move from proposals and diagnoses to prescriptive and evidence-based solutions," says Lorenzo Bellù, FAO Senior Economist who,  
zh-cn	我们的目标是使公共和私营部门的所有决策者不仅能够提供建议、指出问题，还能够制定基于实证的规范解决方案，负责领导FAPDA数据库工作的粮农组织高级经济学家Lorenzo Bellù说道。 

en-us	in addition to leading FAPDA, is contributing to the policy platform.  
zh-cn	Bellù还为上述政策平台的建设做出了贡献。" 

en-us	"There are a lot of trade-offs to consider, but this tool can help countries make them wisely and contribute to expediting the establishment of holistic and inclusive policy frameworks." 
zh-cn	决策时有很多折衷考虑，但此工具可以帮助各国明智地做出选择，也有助于加快建立富有包容性的整体政策框架。 

en-us	This platform is constantly updated to offer a searchable compilation of policy practices in more than 130 countries that all member states can use to inform their decision making and response today  
zh-cn	该平台将持续更新，可提供130多个国家的政策做法，目前已经向所有成员国开放，以提供决策和应对行动参考。 

en-us	and is structured into six thematic areas: Emergencies, Nutrition, Trade, Social Protection, Development and Transformation, and Incentives and Disincentives. Navigation is available in multiple languages and aided by a map as well as a free text search function.
zh-cn	平台下设六个专题领域：应急、营养、贸易、社会保障、发展和转型，以及激励和抑制措施，还设置了多语种导航，并配有地图和自由文本搜索功能。 