zh-cn	本报告通过广泛采集征询专家学者意见，基于权威文献资料梳理，由媒体联合科研机构进行共同研究，以期以调研报告形式客观反映中国抗击疫情的做法和举措。
en-us	This report, the result of an extensive collection of experts' and scholars' opinions as well as a meticulous compilation of authoritative documents, is a public research project by the joint efforts of media groups and scientific research institutions for the express purpose of objective reflection of China's practices and measures to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.

zh-cn	受水平和时间限制，研究不够深入全面系统，特别是随着疫情形势变化和抗疫工作取得新的进展，尚需不断更新充实完善。
en-us	Due to time and authorial limits, the research is not perfect and will need continuous updates and improvements, particularly given the rapid changes in the pandemic situation and new progress in the fight against it.

zh-cn	作为较早总结中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情实践的一种尝试，望能起到“抛砖引玉”之效，以尊重科学、遵从规律、尊崇实践的精神，不断总结好人类战胜重大传染性疾病的经验。
en-us	It is best viewed as an early attempt to summarize China's practices in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, a trailblazer in the hope of clearing the path for better ones later, to continue — in the spirit of respecting science, universal rules and common practices — the chronicling of our experience as human beings in overcoming this major infectious disease.

zh-cn	《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国实践》联合课题组 2020 年 4 月 21 日
en-us	Editorial Team of “China's Fight Against COVID-19” April 21, 2020

zh-cn	社会共识和全民动员
en-us	Universal consensus and public mobilization

zh-cn	及时全面公开透明发布疫情信息
en-us	Timely release of information

zh-cn	普及防控科学知识
en-us	Dissemination of knowledge about prevention and control

zh-cn	主流媒体加强舆论引导提供舆论支持
en-us	Public opinion guidance and support by mainstream media

zh-cn	全民参与形成社会合力
en-us	Universal participation with social cohesion

zh-cn	社会隔离和交通管控
en-us	Social isolation and traffic control

zh-cn	重灾区”实施“封城”和“停运”
en-us	City lockdown and transport freeze in hardest-hit areas

zh-cn	• 非疫情严重地区实施分级交通管制
en-us	• Differentiated traffic controls in less severe areas

zh-cn	• 以多种手段避免人员聚集和交叉感染
en-us	• Tactics to prevent social gathering and cross-infections

zh-cn	• 把社区隔离作为阻断病毒的基础性防线
en-us	• Community isolation basic line of defense

zh-cn	排查检测和动态监测
en-us	Screening, testing and dynamic monitoring

zh-cn	• 以社区为单位全面排查
en-us	• Thorough screening at communities

zh-cn	• 提高检测水平
en-us	• Improving virus testing

zh-cn	• 建立动态管理体系
en-us	• Establishing a dynamic management system

zh-cn	• 深入进行流调工作
en-us	• Intensifying epidemiological investigation

zh-cn	• 甄别四类人员进行分类处理
en-us	• Handling four groups for specific treatment

zh-cn	诊疗方案和救治能力 | 10
en-us	Treatment plans and scientific research

zh-cn	• 确立控制传染源与提高救治面相统一双重目标
en-us	• Dual goals of containing the source of infection and extension of treatment

zh-cn	• 完善治疗方案，优化治疗手段
en-us	• Better treatment plan and better treatment method

zh-cn	• 中医药以“治未病”、“辨证施治”、“多靶点干预”优势全程参与
en-us	• The positive role of TCM in treatment through preemptive prevention, differentiated medication and multi-target intervention

zh-cn	资源调配和物资保障
en-us	Allocation of resources and guarantee of supplies

zh-cn	• 全国医疗人员驰援湖北
en-us	• Hubei gets national health workforce support

zh-cn	• 大力加强医疗物资生产供应和医疗支持服务
en-us	• Tremendous efforts made in medical supplies manufacturing

zh-cn	• 统筹协调生活物资保障
en-us	• Coordinated allocation of daily necessities

zh-cn	指挥体系和战略方针 | 16
en-us	Command system and strategic policies

zh-cn	• 最高领导决策机制和根本战略方针
en-us	• The top decision-making mechanism and fundamental strategies and policies

zh-cn	• 高效执行机制和全面应对措施
en-us	• Efficient execution mechanisms and comprehensive countermeasures

zh-cn	专家意见摘要
en-us	Experts' view

zh-cn	新冠肺炎疫情发生后，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视，始终把人民群众生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，习近平总书记亲自领导、亲自指挥、亲自部署，领导全党、全军和全国人民打响疫情防控的“人民战争”，以“准战时”的领导指挥体系和因时因势制定的战略策略，为中国抗击疫情提供了坚强领导、根本遵循和科学指引。
en-us	After the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chinese government gave top priority to the fight against the virus and put the people's lives and health before everything. President Xi Jinping has led the whole nation in a people's war of prevention and control against the virus. The “wartime-like” command mechanism and the strategies formulated in accordance with the ground reality offered strong leadership.

zh-cn	中国坚持紧紧依靠人民群众，把公众知情作为构建政府与公众之间良性沟通互动和形成强大共识的重要前提，公众基于社会责任感和对政府的信任感积极参与抗击疫情，形成“万众一心、众志成城”的局面。
en-us	The Chinese government has upheld the principle of relying on the people and considered keeping them well informed as a key element to build consensus between the government and the public. Thanks to their social responsibility and trust in the government, the people took an active part in fighting the epidemic with a united will.

zh-cn	灵活人性化社会管控以及以传统隔离方式为主的非医疗干预成为遏制疫情蔓延的关键因素；以流行病学调查为核心的排查、检测和监测，成为切断病毒传播链条和对患者实施及时救治的关键环节。
en-us	The flexible and humanized social management and non-medical intervention featured by standard quarantine measures became key factors for containing the spread of the virus. The screening, test and supervision measures and epidemiological investigation proved to be crucial in cutting off the chain of virus transmission.

zh-cn	以分级设置医院和按病情分类分流救治轻、中、重症患者，坚持中西医结合，大幅度降低了感染率、病亡率，提升了治愈率。
en-us	By assorting hospitals based on utility, differentiating patients and the treatments they received based on their conditions, and integrating traditional Chinese medicine into therapy, China sharply decreased the infection rate and fatality rate, and at the same time raised the recovery rate.

zh-cn	同时，发挥制度优势，在全国范围内高效配置资源，打响后勤保障战，举全国之力打赢“湖北保卫战”、“武汉保卫战”，取得了疫情防控阶段性重要成效。
en-us	Meanwhile, China made full use of the advantage of its social system, allocated resources with high efficiency across the country and secured much-needed logistics support. With the whole natione's efforts to fight the battle of protecting Hubei and Wuhan, China has made initial achievements in prevention and control of the virus.

zh-cn	中国从国情实际出发，边实践边总结边完善，努力在控制疫情和救治病患等方面探索出一套行之有效的“中国实践”和“中国方法”。
en-us	Based on its own national situation, China has explored a set of practices and methods in the prevention and control of disease as well as the treatment of patients.

zh-cn	抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国实践
en-us	China's Fight Against COVID-19

zh-cn	新冠肺炎疫情这一近百年来传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大的突发公共卫生事件。
en-us	COVID-19, which has spread rapidly and enveloped most of the world, is a global public health crisis the likes of which we have not seen in a century.

zh-cn	疫情发生后，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，中国坚持以人民为中心，采取最全面、最严格、最彻底的防控举措，以巨大勇气和强大力量，坚决阻断全国本土疫情传播，取得了疫情防控阶段性重要成效。
en-us	After the outbreak, the Chinese government adopted the most comprehensive, stringent and thorough prevention and control measures in an attempt to bring the virus under control. With great courage and will, the spread of the virus has almost been tamed, marking an initial triumph for the country.

zh-cn	如何有效应对百年不遇的全球大流行疫情，目前仍是有待国际社会共同破解的世界难题，中国从国情实际出发，遵循传染病防控客观规律，边实践边总结边完善，并不断应对新的挑战，努力在控制疫情和救治病患等方面探索出一套行之有效的“中国实践”和“中国方法”。
en-us	As most of the world struggles to cope, China — by analyzing its experiences and summarizing its achievements — has been searching for an optimal approach. The country has been trying to explore a set of practices and approaches that can be effective in curbing the spread of the virus and curing the infected.

zh-cn	中国日报社中国观察智库，在采访征询 60 余位公共卫生专家和中外学者意见 基础上，联合清华大学国情研究院、北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院共同 研究，初步梳理总结中国抗击疫情的经验和做法，形成本报告。
en-us	China Watch Institute, a China Daily think tank, interviewed more than 60 Chinese and international public health experts and scholars in other fields to compile this report in collaboration with the Institute of Contemporary China Studies at Tsinghua University and the School of Health Policy and Management at Peking Union Medical College. This report presents a preliminary summary of what China has achieved in its fight against the virus.

zh-cn	社会共识和全民动员
en-us	Universal consensus and public mobilization

zh-cn	应对新冠肺炎这样的重大疫情，及早在全社会形成正确认知和推动公民自觉行动至关重要。
en-us	To deal with such a pandemic, it is essential to fully understand the situation and mobilize the general public to do whatever is required of them.

zh-cn	一方面，坚持实事求是，本着公开、透明、负责任的态度及时发布疫情信息，向公众提供持续、清晰、重要的信息，让人民群众及时全面了解政府应对疫情的方针政策和战略举措，把“公众充分知情”作为构建政府与公众之间良性沟通互动和形成强大社会共识的重要前提。
en-us	On the one hand, Chinese authorities released timely data in an open, transparent and responsible manner to provide people with dynamic, clear andimportant information so that they could fully understand the government's policies, strategies and measures to deal with the epidemic. Making sure “the public is fully informed” is key to establishing strong social consensus.

zh-cn	另一方面，公众基于社会责任感和对政府的信任感，积极投入到对疫情的全民抗击之中，形成“万众一心、众志成城”的“人民战争”局面。
en-us	On the other hand, with a strong sense of social responsibility and trust in the government, people actively participated in the nationwide fight against the virus: a “people's war” powered by a united will.

zh-cn	紧紧依靠人民，是中国抗击疫情的重要经验。
en-us	Relying strongly on people is a key component in “winning the war”.

zh-cn	及时全面公开透明发布疫情信息
en-us	Timely release of information

zh-cn	建立日常新闻发布机制，第一时间公布疫情信息。
en-us	A daily news release mechanism was established to publish vital information.

zh-cn	在两个多月时间中，国务院新闻办、相关部门以国务院联防联控工作机制名义及疫情最严重的湖北省，共举行近200场发布会，此外北京市等其他省区市也召开当地的新闻发布会数百场。
en-us	In the two months after the outbreak, the Information Office of the State Council, Hubei province, the hardest hit area in the country, and other departments held nearly 200 press conferences; other provinces and municipalities have also done the same.

zh-cn	这些现场直播的发布会全面通报疫情及抗疫工作最新进展，充分回应国内外舆论关切。
en-us	The live broadcasts updated the public with the latest developments and addressed public concerns at home and abroad.

zh-cn	启动疫情数据日报制度，及时全面提供精准分类信息。
en-us	A daily report system was launched to provide accurate and comprehensive data.

zh-cn	国家卫健委在官方网站等政务平台每日通报前一日各地新增确诊病例、新增治愈出院病例、当日解除医学观察的密切接触者、新增重症病例、新增死亡病例、新增疑似病例、隔离治疗、重症病例、累计报告确诊病例、累计治愈出院、累计死亡病例、现有疑似病例、累计追踪到密切接触者、尚在医学观察的密切接触者和后期增加发布的无症状感染者相关情况，以及累计收到港澳台地区通报确诊病例等各种相关数据。
en-us	The National Health Commission announced on its websites and other platforms the numbers of new confirmed, suspected, recovered, discharged cases and deaths, the number of people who have had close contact with confirmed cases and under medical observation, and the updated number of asymptomatic cases, as well as similar data in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

zh-cn	坚持对历史负责，依法适时订正病例 数据。
en-us	After the outbreak was basically brought under control, Wuhan organized an epidemiological investigation with the help of big data technology and based on that, the city revised the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths.

zh-cn	在疫情得到控制后，为确保信息公开透 明、数据准确，针对疫情早期因收治能力不足 患者在家中病亡、信息登记不全等原因，客观 上存在迟报、漏报、重报、误报现象，根据相 关法律规定，组织涉疫大数据与流行病学调查， 武汉市对确诊和病死病例进行订正，其中确诊 病例的死亡数核增 1290 例，累计为3869 例。
en-us	The number of deaths added was 1,290, bringing the total number to 3,869 in the city.

zh-cn	创新使用和实时更新“疫情地图”，通告应急响应信息。
en-us	The “epidemic map” was updated in real time to display figures on infections and deaths.

zh-cn	各地利用大数据技术公布的“疫情地图”，通过社区名称、地址和位置，标明疫情传播具体地点、距离、人数等，并视情况不断调整应急响应和防控警报机制，及时公布交通管制等措施，以便于公众更有效防范传染，遏制病毒扩散。
en-us	All regions could refer to the map, which is supported by big data technology, for the precise location and number of infection cases in a specific community to respond in quick time and promptly formulate traffic control and other measures.

zh-cn	普及防控科学知识
en-us	Dissemination of knowledge about prevention and control

zh-cn	充分发挥“意见领袖”的舆论影响力，增强全社会的科学防治意识。
en-us	Key opinion leaders played a major role in raising public awareness of scientific prevention and control.

zh-cn	组织科学家和科研机构在扎实研究基础上，通过各类发布会、接受媒体采访和互联网不断发布科学防治的权威观点和专业意见建议，提高公众科学认知水平，指导科学防治，倡导科学消杀，特别是推动全面普及戴口罩、勤洗手、常通风等最简单、最有效的大众防护措施，大力提升公众自我防护能力。
en-us	Scientists and research institutions regularly released professional opinions and suggestions via press conferences, interviews and the internet and widely promoted simple but effective self-protection measures such as wearing face masks, washing hands regularly and ventilating rooms.

zh-cn	发布操作性强的“防控指南”，有针对性地对公众进行具体指导。
en-us	Practical and feasible prevention and control guidelines were also issued.

zh-cn	国家卫健委发布通用、旅行、家庭、公共场所、公共交通工具、居家医学观察等6份公众预防指南，以及专门针对农村地区的《农村居民防控新冠肺炎问答手册》。
en-us	The National Health Commission published six public prevention guidelines for general occasions, travel, family, public places, public transport and medical observation at home, as well as a question-and-answer manual specifically for rural residents.

zh-cn	中国疾病预防控制中心公布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎公众防护指南》，从个人与家庭防护、居家医学观察、理性就医、心理疏导等方面解疑释惑，让公众有效掌握防护技巧和防护手段。
en-us	The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention published a “Guideline for Public Prevention of Pneumonia caused by Novel Coronavirus” which helped the public understand prevention methods and answered their questions about individual and family preventive measures, medical observation at home, medical treatment and psychological counseling.

zh-cn	及时开展心理干预，引导民众正确面对。
en-us	Psychological intervention was also used to guide the public to get through the trying times.

zh-cn	国家卫健委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则》，实施分类干预；国务院联防联控机制印发《关于设立应对疫情心理援助热线的通知》，各地在原有心理援助热线基础上设立应对疫情心理援助热线；高校开通疫情心理支持热线和网络辅导服务，互联网医院及相关企业、机构提供网络在线、电话热线等社会心理服务。
en-us	The National Health Commission issued “Guiding Principles for Emergency Psychological Intervention for Pneumonia caused by the Novel Coronavirus” and a notice on psychological assistance requiring all localities to establish a hotline specifically to offer psychological help. Universities, online hospitals and related companies also opened psychological support hotlines and online counseling services.

zh-cn	主流媒体加强舆论引导提供舆论支持
en-us	Public opinion guidance and support by mainstream media

zh-cn	新闻媒体深入宣传党中央重大方针决策部署。
en-us	The news media gave full publicity to the government's major policies and decisions.

zh-cn	同时，充分报道各地区各部门联防联控措施成效，让民众始终了解党和政府正在做什么、还要做什么，充分反映广大党员干部和人 民群众抗击疫情特别是一线医务人员、社区工作者、志愿者以及公安干警和“下沉干部”的生动事迹，凝聚抗击疫情的精神力量，努力推动形成全国上下全面动员、全面部署、全面加强疫情防控的局面。
en-us	The mainstream media reported on the achievements in the fight against the virus and updated the public on what was to be done. They covered moving stories of frontline medical workers, community workers, volunteers, police officers and other officials. These stories inspired an increasing number of citizens from all walks of life to participate in prevention and control efforts across the country.

zh-cn	大众传播和网络媒体加强针对性引导，着力化解民众存在的焦虑、恐惧心理。
en-us	Mass communication and digital media used their strengths to allay people's anxiety and fear.

zh-cn	除多层次高密度发布权威信息，全面反映抗疫救援、物资保障、疫苗研制、社会捐助等公众关心的重大问题，也正视存在的问题，不回避矛盾，通过舆论监督推动问题解决。
en-us	In addition to releasing a large amount of authoritative information on multiple channels, they also revealed existing problems, helped find solutions and answered major public concerns in terms of anti-epidemic work, logistic support, development of vaccines and public donations.

zh-cn	在各类平台上设立专区解读疫情、分析数据、研判趋势并及时辟谣，以可信事实和翔实数据澄清是非，引导公众正确理性看待疫情，增强自我防范意识，依法行动、依法行事。
en-us	Many set up special columns on their platforms to interpret the situation, analyze data and research, predict trends and promptly debunk rumors with credible facts and detailed data.

zh-cn	全民参与形成社会合力
en-us	Universal participation with social cohesion

zh-cn	人民群众积极响应配合政府的防控部署与号召，较快形成“全民参与、群防群控”的有利局面。
en-us	The people's active response to the government's call and their cooperation resulted in the entire society participating in efforts by government organs and social organizations.

zh-cn	基于对防疫形势的理解和集体主义精神的民族文化价值，结合2003年抗击SARS的经历，人民群众以切身感受和实际行动自觉推动形成包括政府机构、企业、社会组织、基层社区、志愿者群体以及家庭和个人为一体的全民抗疫大局。
en-us	With solidarity and the experience of fighting the severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, in 2003, government institutions, enterprises, social organizations, communities, volunteer groups, families and individuals all united as one.

zh-cn	公民高度自律并自觉作出自我牺牲，使社会防控部署措施得以全面顺利落实。
en-us	Citizens' self-discipline and their willingness to sacrifice facilitated the smooth implementation of prevention and control measures.

zh-cn	无论是重点地区的长时间“封城”、全国普遍施行的社区准入管理还是全民居家隔离、特定情况下的“14天”自我隔离，以及家庭和个人卫生习惯、社会交往限制，都得到全体民众的严格执行，为有效降低病毒传染率奠定了强大的社会基础。
en-us	Be it lockdowns of key areas, tight management of communities, home isolation or self-quarantine, family and personal hygiene habits or social distancing requirements, people laid a solid foundation for effectively reducing the rate of infection.

zh-cn	社区建设体现重要作用，“网格化管理”是遏制疫情扩散的关键因素。
en-us	Community-based management has been a key factor for curbing the spread of the virus.

zh-cn	社区网络作为一种“兜底”的社会管理机制，全国400万名城乡社区工作人员在志愿者配合下，对65万个城乡社区深入走访，宣讲防疫知识，进行心理疏导、收接快递、代购生活必需品等工作，实现了疫情防控“纵向到底、横向到边”，确保排查救治“一户不漏、一人不落”，使消毒消杀和环境整治“不留死角、没有缝隙”，同时让对人民群众的支持保障服务直接进入数亿家庭。
en-us	As an extension of governance for social management, 4 million community workers, together with volunteers, visited 650,000 urban and rural communities across the country to communicate epidemic prevention knowledge, offered psychological counseling and helped households receive daily necessities. They helped provide dragnet screening of potential virus carriers, made sure every corner was disinfected and helped millions of households with difficulties in making a living.

zh-cn	社会隔离和交通管控
en-us	Social isolation and traffic control

zh-cn	中国是一个超大规模人口流动社会。
en-us	China has huge people flows.

zh-cn	在没有疫苗和特效药的情况下，以传统隔离方式为主的非医疗干预是阻断重大疫情蔓延的最基本和最有效手段。
en-us	In the absence of vaccines or treatment protocols, self-isolation, as a standard quarantine measure, proved to be the most effective non-medical means to stop the spread of the virus.

zh-cn	面对新冠疫情的暴发，中国实施史无前例的大规模公共卫生应对举措，“上游堵截”，切断疫情严重地区的传染源；其他区域进行“全面防控”。
en-us	China mobilized an unprecedented large-scale public health response, with “upstream interception” in areas with severe outbreaks to cut off the source of infection and “full prevention and control” in other areas.

zh-cn	超常规的社会隔离措施和灵活、人性化的社会管控，阻断了病毒的大面积扩散，成为遏制疫情在全国蔓延的最关键因素。
en-us	The exceptional measures of social isolation and the discretionary and humane approach to social control stalled the spread of the virus and proved to be the most critical factor throughout the country.

zh-cn	“重灾区”实施“封城”和“停运”
en-us	City lockdown and transport freeze in hardest-hit areas

zh-cn	对离汉离鄂通道实施封闭和管控，最大限度切断病毒传播途径。
en-us	Outbound travel was suspended and tight restrictions were imposed in Wuhan and Hubei province to cut off the virus' transmission as much as possible.

zh-cn	暂停武汉 及湖北多地轮渡、长途客运、机场、火车站运营，全国暂停入汉道路水路客运班线发班。
en-us	Ferry, long-distance passenger transport, air and rail links were suspended in Wuhan and Hubei, and all passenger transport to Hubei stopped.

zh-cn	在高速公路收费站口、国省市县村道口建立交通管控卡口 1501 个，其中武 汉市 51个，其他市州1450个，阻断病毒向全国以及省内卫生基础设施薄弱的农村地区扩散。
en-us	A total of 1,501 traffic checkpoints were established in Hubei province, at highway toll gates and road crossings in cities, counties and villages, including 51 in Wuhan and 1,450 in other cities and prefectures, to stop the virus from spreading to the rest of the country and rural areas with relatively poor health infrastructure within the province.

zh-cn	从 1 月23日开始对武汉这座有 1100 万常住人口的超大型城市实施历时 76天“封城”。
en-us	Starting January 23, the citywide lockdown of Wuhan, a metropolis of 11 million permanent residents, lasted 76 days.

zh-cn	武汉市及湖北省多地暂停市内公共交通，有效遏制病毒传染面源。
en-us	Intra-city public transport in Wuhan and many other cities in Hubei was suspended.

zh-cn	武汉全市城市公交、地铁、轮渡、长途客车暂停运营，除抗疫车辆、运输生活必需品车辆以及消防、抢险、环卫、警车等特种车辆外，其他车辆一律禁止通行，湖北其他地区也实现疫情防控和交通保障统筹兼顾，大幅减少市内人员流动和由此可能产生的病毒传播。
en-us	Wuhan suspended the operation of buses, subways, ferries and longdistance buses. Except for anti-epidemic vehicles, vehicles for transporting daily necessities, and special vehicles used for firefighting, emergency rescue, sanitation and police patrol, all other vehicles were barred from the road. Other areas in Hubei also carried out similar measures depending upon conditions.

zh-cn	非疫情严重地区实施分级交通管制
en-us	Differentiated traffic controls in less severe areas

zh-cn	对湖北以外地区实施差异化交通管控，防止湖北省疫情外溢蔓延。
en-us	Differentiated traffic controls were implemented in areas outside Hubei to prevent the outbreak from spilling over.

zh-cn	湖北周边省份筑牢环鄂交通管控“隔离带”，防止重灾区疫情向周边传播。
en-us	The provinces abutting Hubei built traffic control “isolation zones” around it.

zh-cn	全国其他地区根据辖区内低风险、中风险、高风险县（市、区、旗）名单，实行分区分级精准防控，对道路客运、城市公共交通（含城市轨道交通）和出租汽车（含网约车）等城
en-us	Based on risk levels, from low to medium to high, the rest of the country implemented differentiated and region-specific measures of prevention and control within their jurisdictions to manage local transport services, urban public transport (including rail transit), and taxies (including e-hailing service).

zh-cn	乡道路运输服务进行动态管控。
en-us	Tactics to prevent social gathering and cross-infections

zh-cn	关闭娱乐休闲性公共场所，加强公共服务设施防控。
en-us	Public places for entertainment and leisure such as cinemas, theaters, internet cafes and gyms were closed.

zh-cn	关闭影院、剧院、网吧以及健身房等场所，对车站、机场、码头、农贸市场、商场、超市、餐馆、酒店、宾馆等必须开放的公共服务类场所，以及汽车、火车、飞机等密闭交通工具，落实环境卫生整治、消毒、通风、“进出检”、限流等措施，进入人员必须测体温、戴口罩，避免交叉感染。
en-us	At public places that had to be open — including stations, airports, docks, agricultural markets, shopping malls, supermarkets, restaurants and hotels, and in transport such as cars, trains and airplanes, measures like sanitation, disinfection, ventilation, inspections and crowd limits were in place. People had to wear face masks and have their temperature checked before entering these facilities.

zh-cn	推行在家办公，实行远程教学。
en-us	Working from home and distance education were promoted.

zh-cn	取消或延缓各种公众聚集性活动，政府机关和企事业单位落实用工单位防控，按照“少接触、少聚集”原则，采取线上办公、错峰上班、轮流到岗等弹性工作方式。
en-us	Public gatherings were either canceled or postponed. Government agencies, public institutions and enterprises implemented prevention and control measures to manage employees, adopted more flexibility such as working online, staggered hours and staff rotation.

zh-cn	各地根据疫情实际推迟开学时间，暂停培训机构所有线下课程，以线上教学替代课堂教学，有效控制全国总计3亿在校人员的流动和聚集。
en-us	Schools postponed reopening according to the local conditions while training institutions suspended all offline courses and replaced them with online teaching, effectively curbing the flow of 300 million school- related people across the country.

zh-cn	把社区隔离作为阻断病毒的基础性防线
en-us	Community isolation basic line of defense

zh-cn	普遍实行社区封闭式管理。
en-us	Strict management of residential communities was universally adopted.