en-us	COVID-19 has spawned a range of disinformation types and responses, created by many different actors. 
zh-cn	新冠疫情催生了多种虚假信息和对策，它们来自众多不同的主体。

en-us	The Policy Briefs assess nine types of coronavirus disinformation across four format modes, and identify ten categories of responses being mobilized, often with implications on freedom of expression, around the world. 
zh-cn	《政策简报》用4种模式评估了关于新冠病毒的9类虚假信息，并总结了世界各地正在实施的10类对策，这些对策往往影响言论自由。

en-us	Disinformation is disempowering, by working diametrically against access to verifiable and reliable information that makes the right to  freedom of expression meaningful. 
zh-cn	虚假信息剥夺了人们的权能，因为它完全不利人们获取可验证和可靠的信息，从而使言论自由权失去了意义。 

en-us	UN Secretary General António Guterres has called for “countering the scourge of misinformation - a poison putting more lives at risk.”
zh-cn	联合国秘书长古特雷斯呼吁“打击错误信息，因它是一种危及更多生命的毒药。”

en-us	1 Early in the crisis, on the 2nd of February 2020, the World Health Organization described the “massive infodemic”2 impeding access to trustworthy sources and reliable information. 
zh-cn	[1]在危机初期，2020年2月2日，世界卫生组织指出一场“大规模的虚假信息大流行”[2]正在阻碍人们获取可靠的信息。 

en-us	The policy briefs invite UNESCO Member States, Internet communications companies, news publishers, service providers and regulators, journalists, civil society organisations and other key stakeholders to help “flatten the curve” of the  COVID-19 disinfodemic.  
zh-cn	《政策简报》呼吁教科文组织会员国、互联网通信企业、新闻机构、服务提供者和监管机构、记者、公民社会组织和其他主要利益相关方共同平抑新冠疫情虚假信息大流行的“增长曲线”。

en-us	The focus is on four goals designed to: 
zh-cn	《政策简报》提出了四大目标： 

en-us	Effectively contain and counter dangerous falsehoods caused by misinformation and  disinformation; 
zh-cn	有效遏制和打击虚假信息造成的有害谣言； 

en-us	Assist UNESCO Member States to align their disinfodemic responses to international human rights standards on freedom of expression, access to information, and privacy; 
zh-cn	协助教科文组织会员国调整其在言论自由、信息获取和隐私权方面的对策，使之符合国际人权标准; 

en-us	Empower citizens through media and information literacy skills; 
zh-cn	通过媒体和信息素养技能赋能公民； 

en-us	Support quality independent journalism to provide verifiable and reliable information. 
zh-cn	支持优质的独立新闻报道，以提供可核实和可靠的信息。 

en-us	As the disinfodemic has helped to accelerate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across borders, a global consensus could emerge on the need for multi-stakeholder cooperation to contain the viral risks of disinformation. 
zh-cn	由于虚假信息大流行加速了新冠病毒的跨国传播，我们有可能就开展多利益相关方合作 以消除虚假信息危害的必要性达成全球共识。 

en-us	The UNESCO policy briefs, authored by Dr. Julie Posetti of the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ), and Professor Kalina Bontcheva of the University of Sheffield (UK), assess opportunities, assumptions and impacts of the disinfodemic, 
zh-cn	由国际记者中心（ICFJ）的波塞蒂（Julie Posetti）博士和英国谢菲尔德大学的邦切娃（Kalina Bontcheva）教授共同撰写的《政策简报》评估了虚假信息大流行带来的机遇、假定和影响，

en-us	and offer insights for responses that can be comprehensive, effective and aligned to internationally agreed human rights norms. 
zh-cn	并就如何采取全面、有效和符合国际人权准则的对策发表了意见。 

en-us	The Policy Briefs propose possible solutions for tackling the COVID-19 disinfodemic, with a focus on new opportunities:  
zh-cn	《政策简报》提出了应对新冠疫情虚假信息大流行的可能对策，重点关注以下领域的新机遇： 

en-us	For identification, monitoring and investigation of disinformation and the networks that propel it, along with normative, educational and credibility-labeling steps; 
zh-cn	识别、监测和调查虚假信息和传播虚假信息的网络，以及规范、教育和可信性认证的步骤； 

en-us	For “sunset” clauses on emergency provisions that weaken and may normalize infringements on privacy, freedom of expression, access to information and other human rights norms; 
zh-cn	为可能削弱隐私权、言论自由、信息获取和其他人权规范的紧急法规设定有效期限； 

en-us	For internet communications companies to put multi-stakeholder engagement into top gear, demonstrating a goodwill to improve policy and practices in support of access to quality information, including independent journalism, transparency on their controls of content, and redress mechanisms; 
zh-cn	动员互联网通信企业最大限度地优化政策和实践，以支持优质信息获取，包括独立的新闻报道、公开透明的内容审核和矫正机制; 

en-us	For governments, internet communications  companies and other donors to support core funding for independent news media and fact checking efforts, with “no strings attached”; 
zh-cn	动员政府、互联网通信企业和其他捐赠者“全力以赴”地为独立新闻媒体和事实核对工作提供核心资金； 

en-us	For policy makers and institutions to promote open data that contain provisions and due safeguards for privacy, especially with reference to surveillance and health data gathering; 
zh-cn	政策制定者和机构应促进对隐私权予以必要保护的数据开放，特别是在监测和健康数据收集方面； 

en-us	For states to commit to transparency on strategies to combat the pandemic and recover from it, including public spending on pandemics and economic recovery plans, as a means to counter false information; and 
zh-cn	各国应保证抗击疫情和恢复战略的透明度，例如在涉及疫情防控和经济复苏的公共开支方面，以此作为打击虚假信息的手段； 

en-us	For internet communications companies to monitor and report on automated algorithmic responses to combat the disinfodemic, while addressing automation errors in the absence of human content moderators and the dilution of a robust appeal and correction method during the crisis.
zh-cn	互联网通信企业应监控和汇报打击虚假信息的智能算法对策，同时纠正自动化流程中的错误。这些错误的产生源自危机期间内容审核员的缺席以及申诉和纠错机制的弱化。 