en-us	Most Commodity Prices to Drop in 2020 As Coronavirus Depresses Demand and Disrupts Supply 
zh-cn	新冠疫情抑制需求中断供应导致2020年多数大宗商品跌价 

en-us	Despite ample supplies of agricultural commodities, trade and supply chain disruptions raise food security concerns. 
zh-cn	尽管农业大宗商品供应充足但贸易和供应链中断引起对粮食安全的关切 

en-us	WASHINGTON, April 23, 2020 – The global economic shock of the COVID-19 pandemic has driven most commodity prices down and is expected to result in substantially lower prices over 2020, the World Bank said in its April Commodity Markets Outlook. 
zh-cn	2020年4月23日，华盛顿：世界银行4月期《大宗商品市场展望》称，新冠肺炎大流行造成的全球经济冲击驱使多数大宗商品跌价，预计将导致2020年大幅跌价。 

en-us	Energy and metals commodities are the most affected by the sudden stop to economic activity and the serious global slowdown that is anticipated. 
zh-cn	能源和金属类大宗商品受经济活动突然停滞以及预期的严重全球经济放缓的影响最大。

en-us	Commodities associated with transportation, including oil, have experienced the steepest declines. 
zh-cn	包括石油在内的交通相关大宗商品经历了最大降幅。

en-us	Despite only moderate impact on the outlook for most agricultural commodities, supply chain disruptions and government steps to restrict exports or stockpile commodities raise concerns that food security may be at risk in places, the report says. 
zh-cn	报告说，尽管对多数农业类大宗商品前景的影响不大，但供应链中断和政府限制出口或囤积大宗商品的行动引起了对一些地区可能面临粮食安全风险的关切。 

en-us	“In addition to the devastating human toll, the economic impact of the pandemic will dampen demand and cause supply disruptions, negatively affecting developing countries that rely heavily on commodities,” said Ceyla Pazarbasioglu, World Bank Group Vice President for Equitable Growth, Finance & Institutions. 
zh-cn	世界银行集团公平增长、金融与制度副行长西拉•帕扎巴西奥格鲁说：“除了惨重的生命损失外，大流行造成的经济影响将会抑制需求和造成供应链中断，对严重依赖大宗商品的发展中国家带来不利影响。

en-us	“Policymakers can take advantage of lower oil prices by undertaking energy-subsidy reforms to help free spending for urgent pandemic-related purposes. 
zh-cn	政策制定者可以利用油价下跌的机会推进能源补贴改革，帮助腾出资金解决防控疫情的紧急需要。

en-us	These reforms need to be complemented with stronger social safety nets to protect the most vulnerable segments of society. 
zh-cn	这一改革需要以加强社会安全网相配合，以保护社会中最弱势的群体。

en-us	Policymakers must resist the urge to impose trade restrictions and actions that put food security at risk, as the poor would be hit the hardest.” 
zh-cn	政策制定者必须抵制采取贸易限制和危害粮食安全的措施的冲动，因为贫困人口会受害最大。” 

en-us	Monthly average crude oil prices plunged 50 percent between January and March. Prices reached an historic low in April with some benchmarks trading at negative levels. 
zh-cn	今年1月至3月原油月平均价格暴跌50%，4月份跌至历史最低点，有些交易基准价跌至负值。

en-us	They are expected to average $35 per barrel in 2020, a sharp downward revision from the October forecast and a 43 percent drop from the 2019 average of $61 per barrel. 
zh-cn	预计2020年油价平均每桶35美元，比去年10月份预测大幅下调，比2019年平均每桶61美元下跌43%。

en-us	The downward revision reflects an historically large drop in demand. 
zh-cn	下调预测反映出需求的历史最大跌幅。

en-us	The decline in crude oil prices has been exacerbated by uncertainty around production agreements among the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other oil producers. 
zh-cn	石油输出国组织（欧佩克）及其他产油国之间生产协议的不确定性加剧了原油跌价。

en-us	Energy prices overall (which also include natural gas and coal) are expected to average 40 percent lower in 2020 but see a sizeable rebound in 2021. 
zh-cn	预计2020年能源价格整体（也包括天然气和煤炭）平均下降40%，但2021年会出现大幅回弹。 

en-us	Metal prices also fell in early 2020. 
zh-cn	金属价格在2020年初也出现下跌。

en-us	The biggest declines were in copper and zinc, which are particularly associated with global economic activity. 
zh-cn	铜和锌跌幅最大，因其与全球经济活动联系最密切。

en-us	Metal prices are projected to drop 13 percent overall in 2020 as slowing demand and the shutdown of key industries weigh heavily on the market. 
zh-cn	因需求放缓和主要产业关闭对市场造成沉重压力，预计2020年金属价格整体下跌13%。

en-us	Industrial metals would be affected the most by the global economic slowdown, in particular that of China, which accounts for more than half of global metals demand. 
zh-cn	工业金属主要受全球经济放缓、特别是占全球金属需求量一半的中国经济放缓的影响。 

en-us	Agriculture prices are less tied to economic growth, and saw only minor declines in the first quarter of 2020, except for rubber, which is used in transportation. 
zh-cn	农产品价格与经济增长联系不同紧密，2020年一季度仅出现小幅下跌，交通使用的橡胶除外。

en-us	Prices are expected to remain broadly stable in 2020 overall as production levels and stocks of most staple foods are at record highs. 
zh-cn	由于多数主食粮食的产量和库存处于历史高位，预计2020年价格总体保持普遍稳定。

en-us	However, agricultural commodity production could face disruptions to the trade and distribution of inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides, and labor availability. 
zh-cn	但是，农业大宗商品可能面临贸易和投入品（如化肥、农药和劳动力）供应中断的风险。

en-us	Disruptions of supply chains have already affected emerging market and developing country exports of perishable products such as flowers, fruits, and vegetables. 
zh-cn	供应链中断已经影响了新兴市场和发展中国家的鲜花、水果、蔬菜等易腐产品的出口。 

en-us	“This enormous shock to commodity markets and low oil prices could deliver a serious setback to developing economies and jeopardize the necessary investments in critical infrastructure that support long term growth and create quality jobs,” said Makhtar Diop, World Bank Vice President for Infrastructure. 
zh-cn	世界银行基础设施副行长马克塔·迪奥普说：“对大宗商品的巨大冲击和低油价可能对发展中经济体造成严重倒退，危及有利长期增长和创造优质就业的关键基础设施的必要投资。

en-us	“The international community must rally together to address these setbacks by advancing interventions in diverse sources of energy, sustainable transport and access to digital infrastructure and services that allow people to stay connected during these uncertain times. This will be key to delivering vital social services, protecting jobs, supporting business and saving lives.” 
zh-cn	国际社会必须联合起来消除这些影响，推进在能源多元化、可持续交通、让民众在不确定时期保持联系的数字基础设施及服务的可及性等方面的干预措施，这将是提供必要的社会服务、保护就业、支持企业和挽救生命的关键。” 

en-us	An analytical focus examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commodity markets. 
zh-cn	一个分析专题章节审视了新冠肺炎大流行对大宗商品市场的影响。

en-us	Mitigation measures taken to control the virus have resulted in an unprecedented collapse in oil demand, and supply chain disruptions could cause dislocations in the consumption and production of other commodities and imperil food security. 
zh-cn	为防控病毒采取的缓解措施造成了史无前例的石油需求崩溃，而供应链中断则可能造成其他大宗商品消费和市场错位，危及粮食安全。

en-us	The pandemic has the potential to affect commodity demand and supply for an extended period, the analysis finds. 
zh-cn	分析认为，大流行有可能在较长时间内影响大宗商品需求和供应。 

en-us	The plunge in oil prices provides policymakers in emerging market and developing economies with an opportunity to undertake energy-subsidy reforms. 
zh-cn	油价暴跌给新兴市场和发展中经济体的政策制定者提供了一个进行能源补贴改革的机会。

en-us	These reforms can help free spending for urgent pandemic-related purposes, discourage wasteful energy consumption, and reallocate spending to programs that better target the poor. 
zh-cn	此项改革有助于腾出资金解决防控疫情的迫切需要，防止浪费能源，并将资金调配到对贫困人口针对性更强的计划。 

en-us	Another analytical section looks at OPEC in the context of other similar commodity supply management agreements. 
zh-cn	另一个分析章节在其他类似大宗商品供应管理协议背景下审视了欧佩克。 

en-us	Such agreements have collapsed over time under pressure from economic forces and other events, and OPEC may be subject to the same pressures. 
zh-cn	此类协议随着时间推移在经济力量及其他事件的压力下崩溃，而欧佩克可能也会面临同样的压力。 

en-us	The World Bank Group, one of the largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries, is taking broad, fast action to help these countries strengthen their pandemic response. 
zh-cn	世界银行集团作为发展中经济体最大的资金和知识来源之一，采取广泛、快速的行动帮助发展中国家加强大流行应对。

en-us	Over the next 15 months, the World Bank Group will be deploying up to $160 billion in financial support to help countries protect the poor and vulnerable, support businesses, and bolster economic recovery, including $50 billion of new IDA resources in grants or highly concessional terms. 
zh-cn	在未来15个月内，世行集团将部署1600亿美元资金帮助各国保护贫困弱势群体，扶助企业，促进经济复苏，其中包括500亿美元国际开发协会新增赠款或高度优惠的贷款。

en-us	The Bank is also increasing disease surveillance, improving public health interventions, and helping the private sector continue to operate and sustain jobs.
zh-cn	世行也参与强化疫情监测，改善公共卫生干预，帮助私营部门继续运营和维持就业。 