en	COVID-19: Exceptional measures should not be cover for human rights abuses and violations – Bachelet
zh-cn	2019冠状病毒病： 巴切莱特表示，不得以例外措施为掩护践踏和侵犯人权 

en	GENEVA (27 April 2020) – As Governments face the formidable challenge of protecting people from COVID-19, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet has called on them to ensure human rights are not violated under the guise of exceptional or emergency measures.
zh-cn	日内瓦（2020年4月27日）——各国政府在保护人民抵御2019冠状病毒病方面面临着严峻挑战，联合国人权事务高级专员米歇尔·巴切莱特呼吁各国政府确保不以例外或紧急措施为掩护侵犯人权。 

en	“Emergency powers should not be a weapon governments can wield to quash dissent, control the population, and even perpetuate their time in power,” Bachelet warned.
zh-cn	巴切莱特警告称：“紧急权力不得成为政府用来压制异议、控制民众、甚至延续其掌权时间的武器。”

en	 “They should be used to cope effectively with the pandemic – nothing more, nothing less.”
zh-cn	“应将这些权力用于对大流行病的有效应对——不能过度，也不能不足。”

en	States are able to restrict some rights to protect public health under human rights law, and also have certain additional powers if a state of emergency threatening the life of the nation is publicly declared. 
zh-cn	各国可以为保护公共健康根据人权法限制一些权利，并且如果公开宣布威胁到国民生命的紧急状态，还可拥有某些额外权力。

en	In either case, the restrictions need to be necessary, proportionate, and non-discriminatory. 
zh-cn	在任一情况下，限制措施须必要、适度而且不具歧视性。

en	They also need to be limited in duration and key safeguards against excesses must be put in place. 
zh-cn	其持续时间应是有限的，并且必须采取重要保障措施防止限制过度。 

en	Certain rights, including the right to life, the prohibition against torture and other ill-treatment, and the right not to be arbitrarily detained continue to apply in all circumstances. 
zh-cn	包括生命权、免受酷刑和其他虐待以及免遭任意拘留在内的某些权利，仍适用于所有情形。 

en	To help States in their response to COVID-19, the UN Human Rights Office on Monday issued new policy guidance . 
zh-cn	为帮助各国应对2019冠状病毒病，联合国人权高专办于周一发布了关于紧急和例外措施的新政策指导方针。

en	“There have been numerous reports from different regions that police and other security forces have been using excessive, and at times lethal, force to make people abide by lockdowns and curfews. 
zh-cn	高级专员表示：“来自不同区域的大量报告显示，警察和其他安全部队过度使用武力，有时甚至是致命武力，强迫人们遵守封锁和宵禁令。 

en	Such violations have often been committed against people belonging to the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population,” the High Commissioner said. 
zh-cn	此类侵权行为针对的往往是人口中最贫困和最弱势的群体。”

en	“Shooting, detaining, or abusing someone for breaking a curfew because they are desperately searching for food is clearly an unacceptable and unlawful response.
zh-cn	巴切莱特指出：“对那些冒险寻找食物而违反宵禁令的人实施枪击、拘留或虐待，显然是不可接受且非法的应对措施。

en	 So is making it difficult or dangerous for a woman to get to hospital to give birth.
zh-cn	使妇女去医院分娩成为一件困难或危险的事，也同样是不可接受且非法的。

en	 In some cases, people are dying because of the inappropriate application of measures that have been supposedly put in place to save them,” Bachelet said.
zh-cn	在某些情况下，原本为了救人的措施，如果运用不当，反而会让人们因此送命。”

en	“In some countries, thousands have also been detained for curfew violations, a practice that is both unnecessary and unsafe.
zh-cn	“一些国家有数千人因违反宵禁令而被拘留，这种做法既没必要，也不安全。

en	 Jails and prisons are high risk environments, and states should focus on releasing whoever can be safely released, not detaining more people.”
zh-cn	看守所和监狱属于高危环境，各国应该把重点放在释放那些可以安全释放的人，而不是拘留更多的人。 

en	The guidance document stresses that, as in normal times, law enforcement officials should adhere to the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality and precaution. 
zh-cn	该指导方针强调，执法人员应该向平常一样遵守合法性、必要性、相称性和预防性的原则。 

en	“They should only use force when strictly necessary, and lethal force can only be used when there is an imminent risk to life,” Bachelet said. 
zh-cn	巴切莱特表示：“执法人员仅应在绝对必要时使用武力，而且只能在生命面临迫在眉睫的危险时使用致命武力。”

en	Measures and laws introduced in some countries contain references to vaguely defined offences, coupled at times with harsh sentences, fuelling concerns they may be utilized to muzzle the media and detain critics and opponents.
zh-cn	一些国家出台的措施和法律中所提及的罪行定义模糊，有时还处以严厉刑罚，令人更加担心这些措施和法律可能被用来使媒体噤声，拘留批评人士和反对派人士。

en	 Although measures to restrict movement and assembly are legitimate in such circumstances, public confidence and scrutiny are essential for them to be effective.
zh-cn	尽管在当前情况下限制行动和集会的措施具有合理性，但是公众的信任和监督对于这些措施的有效性至关重要。 

en	“It is important to counter misinformation, but shutting down the free exchange of ideas and information not only violates rights, it undermines trust. 
zh-cn	高级专员表示：“打击虚假信息固然重要，但关闭自由交流思想和信息的渠道，不仅侵犯权利，而且破坏信任。

en	False information about COVID-19 poses a huge risk to people. But so do bad policy decisions,” the High Commissioner said. 
zh-cn	有关2019冠状病毒病的虚假信息给人们带来巨大风险，但糟糕的政策决定也同样危险。

en	Undermining rights such as freedom of expression may do incalculable damage to the effort to contain COVID-19 and its pernicious socio-economic side-effects.”
zh-cn	削弱表达自由等各项权利，有可能对遏制2019冠状病毒病及其对社会经济产生的有害影响的努力造成无法估量的损害。”

en	The guidance sets out clearly that the measures should not only be necessary to achieve a legitimate public health objective, but that they should also be the “least intrusive” approach required to achieve that result. 
zh-cn	该指导方针明确规定，这些措施不仅应该是实现合法公共卫生目标所必需的，而且还应是实现这一结果所需“侵扰性最小”的办法。 

en	“We have seen many States adopt justifiable, reasonable and time-limited measures. 
zh-cn	巴切莱特指出：“我们看到许多国家采取了正当、合理、有时限的措施。

en	But there have also been deeply worrying cases where Governments appear to be using COVID-19 as a cover for human rights violations, further restricting fundamental freedoms and civic space, and undermining the rule of law,” Bachelet said. 
zh-cn	 但也有些情况令人深为担忧，有些政府似乎在以2019冠状病毒病为掩护侵犯人权，进一步限制基本自由和公民空间，削弱法治。”

en	Bachelet said that exceptional measures or a state of emergency should be subject to proper parliamentary, judicial and public oversight. 
zh-cn	巴切莱特表示，实行例外措施或紧急状态，应受到议会、司法部门和公众的合理监督。 

en	“Different countries are at different stages of the pandemic. Some are starting to come out of emergency measures, while others are extending or reinforcing them.
zh-cn	她还指出：“不同国家处于大流行病的不同阶段。有些国家的紧急措施已即将结束，而其他国家正在扩大或加强紧急措施。

en	 The abiding principle must be that these measures are enforced humanely.
zh-cn	必须遵循的原则是，要以人道的方式执行这些措施。

en	 Penalties for violating them should be proportionate, and not imposed in an arbitrary or discriminate way,” she added.  
zh-cn	违反这些措施，应予以适度处罚，而不是以任意或歧视性的方式加以处罚。”

en	“Given the exceptional nature of the crisis, it is clear States need additional powers to cope. 
zh-cn	巴切莱特表示：“鉴于此次危机性质特殊，各国显然需要更多的权力加以应对。

en	However, if the rule of law is not upheld, then the public health emergency risks becoming a human rights disaster, with negative effects that will long outlast the pandemic itself,” Bachelet said. 
zh-cn	然而，如果法治得不到维护，那么此次公共卫生紧急风险就有可能成为一场人权灾难，其负面影响的持续时间将远远超出大流行病本身。”

en	ENDS 
zh-cn	完 