zh-cn	新冠肺炎大流行和为防止病毒传播采取的必要措施导致人员流动戛然而止，而人员流动是我们这个相互关联的世界的一个特点。
en-us	The COVID-19 pandemic and the transmission control measures it has necessitated have abruptly halted the movement of people that characterizes our interconnected world.

zh-cn	对于依靠外出打工来养活自己、家人及社区的移民来说，影响是巨大的。
en-us	The implications are enormous for migrants, who rely on working away from home to support themselves, their families, and their communities.

zh-cn	很多移民目前的处境使他们面临更大的病毒感染风险，
en-us	Many of them are now in conditions that put them at greater risk of contracting COVID-19.

zh-cn	疫情也影响到农业等重点行业，劳动力短缺问题迫在眉睫。 
en-us	The pandemic is also affecting critical sectors like agriculture where labor shortages are looming. 

zh-cn	世界各国政府采取了保护人民生活和生计的对策。
en-us	Governments around the world have taken action to protect people’s lives and livelihoods in response. 

zh-cn	但迄今为止，针对移民及其家庭这一特殊问题的对策为数不多。 
en-us	But thus far the unique challenges of migrants and their families have been addressed in too few cases. 

zh-cn	确保将移民问题纳入政策应对，可有助于在危机中保护这个异常脆弱的群体。
en-us	Ensuring that migrants are included in policy responses can help protect this particularly vulnerable group during the crisis. 

zh-cn	但这在经济上也是明智的做法：
en-us	But it is also smart economics: 

zh-cn	保护移民意味着减少整个人口的感染风险，同时也帮助维持对于从新冠疫情的经济影响中复苏至关重要的一个劳动力来源。 
en-us	protecting migrants means reducing the risk of transmission for the entire population while helping sustain a source of labor that will be critical to recovery from the economic effects of COVID-19.  

zh-cn	为什么移民对于疫情应对非常重要？ 
en-us	Why does migration matter for the pandemic response? 

zh-cn	事实1：移民的健康与生计面临新冠疫情的严重威胁。
en-us	Fact 1:  Migrant health and livelihoods are at significant risk from COVID-19.  

zh-cn	移民往往在拥挤的环境中生活和工作，无法保持社交距离，因而面临更大的感染风险。
en-us	Migrants tend to live and work in crowded conditions that do not permit social distancing, putting them at increased risk of contracting the disease. 

zh-cn	他们也面临失去收入来源的严重风险。
en-us	They are also at high risk of income loss.

zh-cn	据联合国估计，在经合组织国家受影响严重的行业，30%的工人为外国籍。
en-us	The UN estimates that nearly 30 percent of the workforce in highly affected sectors in OECD countries is foreign-born.

zh-cn	失业的负面影响对于国内和国际移民工人尤其严重，
en-us	The negative effects of job loss can be particularly significant for both internal and international migrant workers, 

zh-cn	因为他们往往从事非正规工作，在失业或患病情况下缺少社会保障。
en-us	because they often work in informal jobs and lack safety nets in case of job loss or illness.

zh-cn	因此，在疫情期间待在家里是众多移民工人负担不起的奢侈品。 
en-us	Hence staying at home during the outbreak is a luxury that many migrant workers can’t afford. 

zh-cn	事实2：移民家庭和原籍社区可能面临严重的经济影响。
en-us	Fact 2:  Migrants’ families and communities of origin are likely to face severe economic impacts.

zh-cn	失业造成的收入下降将意味着移民汇款大幅减少，而这是全世界大量家庭赖以生存和投资人力资本与企业的资金来源。
en-us	The drop in income from job loss will mean significant declines in the remittances that families throughout the world rely on to make ends meet and to invest in human capital and businesses.

zh-cn	例如，世界银行的新报告预计2020年低收入和中等收入国家的移民汇款将下降19.7%。
en-us	For example, a new World Bank report suggests that a 19.7 percent drop in remittances to low and middle-income countries is expected in 2020.

zh-cn	BBVA墨西哥银行预测2020年墨西哥的汇款收入将下降17%。
en-us	BBVA Mexico projects a 17 percent drop in remittances to Mexico in 2020.

zh-cn	3月份孟加拉的汇款收入同比下降了13%。 
en-us	Remittances to Bangladesh dropped 13 percent in March year-over-year. 

zh-cn	事实3：病毒防控措施给雇主和整个行业造成严重中断。
en-us	Fact 3: Measures to control transmission are causing significant disruptions for employers and entire sectors.

zh-cn	主要移民目的国对国际旅客关闭了边境，
en-us	Major migration destinations have closed their borders to international travelers.

zh-cn	导致很多在另一地点工作的移民无法上班、返回家乡或者去填补岗位空缺。
en-us	As a result, many migrants who work in another location can't access their job, travel home, or move to fill job vacancies.

zh-cn	对于西班牙、法国、德国、英国、波兰等国设法为收获季节招工的农场主们来说，季节工紧缺成为一个特别担忧的问题。 
en-us	The limited availability of seasonal migrant workers has been a particular concern for farmers in Spain, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland who are struggling to recruit workers for the harvesting season. 

zh-cn	大流行期间各国能够采取哪些措施来解决移民问题？ 
en-us	What can countries do to address migration-related challenges during the pandemic? 

zh-cn	移民输出国和移民接收国都能通过社会保护机制为移民提供必要的支持，这包括社会安全网计划、稳定就业政策和就业促进政策。
en-us	Both sending and receiving countries can provide crucial support to migrants through social protection mechanisms, including social safety net programs, employment retention policies, and employment promotion policies.

zh-cn	调整移民相关规定可有助于支持这些政策和计划。
en-us	Adjustments to migration regulations can help support these policies and programs.

zh-cn	我们在另一篇博文中讨论了汇款干预措施。 
en-us	We’ve discussed remittance interventions in a separate blog post. 

zh-cn	社会安全网以现金或实物和服务的形式提供直接支持，以平缓消费、提供物价补贴和防止返贫。
en-us	Social safety nets provide direct support either in the form of cash or in-kind goods and services to smooth consumption, compensate for higher prices, and prevent falls into poverty.

zh-cn	政府可以考虑三种方案。
en-us	Governments could consider three options.

zh-cn	第一，可以放宽现有社会保障项目的资格，以解决移民面临的问题。
en-us	First, eligibility for existing safety net programs can be expanded to address the challenges facing migrants.

zh-cn	第二，可以实施为应对新冠疫情新创建的计划，而不论其是否具有移民身份。
en-us	Second, programs newly created in response to COVID-19 can be implemented without regard to migration status.

zh-cn	第三，可以创建新计划来帮助移民解决他们面临的特殊问题，
en-us	Third, new programs can be created to help migrants address the distinct challenges they face.

zh-cn	包括提供病毒检测和治疗、食物和住宿、协助安排交通和现金资助。 
en-us	These include providing virus testing and treatment, food and accommodations, transportation assistance, and cash grants. 

zh-cn	稳定就业政策通过减免社会保险缴费（比如中国的做法）或者通过就业补贴（比如韩国的做法）等方式激励雇主维持员工队伍稳定。
en-us	Employment retention policies incentivize employers to maintain their workforce either through deductions in social insurance contributions, as is being done in China, or through employment subsidies, as we are seeing in Korea. 

zh-cn	这些政策可以覆盖全体工人，但实施时把重点放在防止移民工人、尤其是国内流动务工人员下岗上。 
en-us	These policies can cover the entire workforce, but be implemented with a focus on preventing the displacement of migrant workers, particularly internal migrant labor. 

zh-cn	就业促进政策帮助求职者找到工作，帮助雇主找到工人。
en-us	Employment promotion policies help jobseekers find jobs and employers find workers. 

zh-cn	对移民相关规定可做调整，以确保劳动力市场需求得到满足，包括现有工人的签证延期和为新移民准入提供便利。
en-us	Regulations on migration programs can be adjusted to ensure that labor market needs can be met including by lengthening visas for existing workers and facilitating new admissions.

zh-cn	就业匹配和求职计划以及协助安排交通等方式可以有助于下岗工人找到工作，
en-us	Job matching and job search programs as well as transportation assistance can help migrant workers who are displaced find jobs,

zh-cn	尤其是有助于填补因旅行限制造成的劳动力市场空缺。
en-us	particularly to fill the labor market gaps created by travel restrictions.

zh-cn	这可能需要纳入体检要求以防止新冠病毒传播。 
en-us	This may require incorporating health checks to protect against transmission of COVID-19. 

zh-cn	政府决策者在设计和实施注重移民的政策时应当考虑哪些问题？ 
en-us	What should policymakers consider when designing and implementing migration-sensitive policies? 

zh-cn	政府可致力于将移民纳入现有计划，以确保所有人群都得到保护，减少新冠疫情的健康和经济影响。
en-us	Governments can work at mainstreaming migrants into existing programs to ensure that all groups are protected against the health and economic impacts of COVID-19.

zh-cn	这些计划需要考虑到移民在获得社会保护方面往往面临的障碍，包括文件要求和语言不同。
en-us	The programs will need to take into account the barriers that migrants often face to accessing social protection including documentation requirements and language differences.

zh-cn	甄别移民会有难度，特别是在他们未通过合法途径的地方，
en-us	Identifying migrants will be difficult, particularly where they have not used legal channels,

zh-cn	因此需要采取创新方法，包括自助瞄准、自助登录、与电信公司和汇款服务机构合作等。
en-us	hence it will require innovative approaches including self-targeting, self-enrollment, and cooperation with telecommunications companies and remittance services providers.

zh-cn	最后，提供方式需要符合良好的公共卫生实践。
en-us	Finally, delivery will need to comply with good public health practices.

zh-cn	例如，农业季节工计划需要包含健康筛查、具体工作指南以及在移民工人患病情况下的应对预案等。 
en-us	For example, programs to facilitate seasonal work in agriculture will need to incorporate health screenings, guidelines on how work should be undertaken, and plans for responding if a migrant worker falls ill.