en-us	Amid much terrible news tied to COVID-19 comes one positive forecast: World agricultural commodity prices are stable and are expected to remain so in 2020  , as production levels and stocks of most staple foods are at or near record highs. 
zh-cn	在关于新冠疫情的大量坏消息中出现了一个积极的预测：由于大部分主食粮食产量和库存处于或接近历史最高水平，世界粮食大宗商品价格稳定，而且预计2020年将继续保持稳定。 

en-us	The World Bank’s Commodity Markets Outlook comes with large caveats including uncertainty over the pandemic’s duration and severity; the direction of energy and fertilizer prices; currency movements; changes to trade and domestic support policies; and possible disruptions in global supply chains. 
zh-cn	世界银行《大宗商品市场展望》也提出需要关注的问题，包括疫情持续时间和严重程度的不确定性、能源和化肥价格走向、货币流动、贸易和国内支持性政策改变、全球供应链可能出现中断等等。

en-us	At a regional level, the worst locust outbreak in decades has hit 23 countries in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia, devastating crops on which millions depend.  
zh-cn	在地区层面，非洲、阿拉伯半岛和南亚23个国家遭受数十年来最严重的蝗灾，摧毁了亿万人赖以为生的粮食作物。 

en-us	Mitigating these risks requires concerted action. 
zh-cn	缓解这些风险需要协调一致的行动。

en-us	Rice prices trended upward in recent weeks due to drought conditions prior to COVID-19 and limiting trade measures, but came down in recent days thanks to the efforts of countries like Vietnam – the world’s third-largest rice exporter – which lifted its temporary export ban. 
zh-cn	由于新冠疫情爆发前的干旱和限制贸易的措施，最近几周大米价格趋涨，但由于越南（世界第三大大米出口国）等国取消临时性出口限制的努力，价格近日出现回落。 

en-us	This matters not only because a large share of rice consumed in Africa is imported, but also because past experience shows export restrictions can lead to rapid escalations in world food prices that affect poor countries the most. 
zh-cn	这很重要，不仅因为进口大米在非洲大米消费中占比很大，也因为过去的经验表明，出口限制可能导致世界粮价飞涨，对贫困国家影响最大。

en-us	This was the case during the 2007/2008 food price crisis, when as many as one-third of the world’s countries adopted trade restrictions and the number of poor people increased by 150 million. 
zh-cn	在2007/2008年粮价危机期间就是这种情况，当时全世界多达三分之一的国家实行了贸易限制，贫困人口增加了1.5亿人。 

en-us	It remains crucial to be vigilant which is why the World Bank joined G20 agricultural ministers and called on policymakers to refrain from imposing export restrictions. 
zh-cn	保持警惕仍十分重要，所以世界银行与二十国集团农业部长联手，呼吁各国政府决策者避免实行出口限制。

en-us	The message is resonating, with countries of the G20, Latin America and the Caribbean, African Union and ASEAN all signaling their positive intentions. 
zh-cn	这一信息引起了共鸣，二十国集团、拉美加勒比地区、非盟和东盟国家都表示了积极的意向。 

en-us	The world is facing unprecedented challenges today that require urgent, country-specific responses.  
zh-cn	如今，世界面临着前所未有的挑战，需要采取紧急的、针对具体国情的应对措施。 

en-us	"According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 820 million people were already undernourished before today’s crisis– including 135 million people experiencing acute food insecurity." 
zh-cn	“根据联合国粮农组织估计，在目前危机爆发前全世界已有8.2亿人营养不足，其中包括1.35亿人经历严重粮荒。” 

en-us	Hunger has remained shockingly prevalent in recent years. 
zh-cn	近年来，饥饿的普遍程度仍令人震惊。

en-us	According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 820 million people were already undernourished before today’s crisis – including 135 million people experiencing acute food insecurity. 
zh-cn	根据联合国粮农组织估计，在目前危机爆发前全世界已有8.2亿人营养不足，其中包括1.35亿人经历严重粮荒。

en-us	As incomes fall, we are already hearing reports of people skipping meals. 
zh-cn	随着收入下降，我们已经听说了有民众不吃饭的报道。

en-us	This wave of malnutrition will have long-lasting impacts on human capital, especially for children. 
zh-cn	这一波的营养不良将会对人力资本、尤其是儿童产生持久性的负面影响。 

en-us	There are plenty of new obstacles to food production, transport and consumption. 
zh-cn	粮食生产、运输和消费面临大量新的障碍。

en-us	Pests and disease outbreaks such as locusts and African Swine Fever as well as droughts compound the COVID-19 challenge, prompting the World Food Program to predict a doubling of acute food insecurity by the end of the year. 
zh-cn	蝗灾和非洲猪流感等病虫害和疫情以及干旱都使得新冠疫情进一步复杂化，使得世界粮食计划署预测今年年底粮荒会进一步加倍。

en-us	To understand the magnitude of the challenge, we need to look at the food supply chain and assess constraints at the country and local level. 
zh-cn	要想理解这一挑战的规模，我们需要研究粮食供应链，评估国家和地方层面的限制因素。 

en-us	Farmers must be able to plant and harvest. They need access to and financing for inputs like fertilizer and seeds. They will also need labor resources.
zh-cn	农民必须能够耕种和收获，需要获得资金购买化肥、种子等投入品，也需要劳动力资源。

en-us	Measures to stop the spread of coronavirus are impeding the movement of migrants who perform farm work in many countries. 
zh-cn	新冠疫情防控措施阻碍了在许多国家从事农业生产的移民的流动。

en-us	Allowing worker movement, enforcing new safety protocols, and supplying workers with adequate protection will be critical in the months ahead. 
zh-cn	允许劳工流动，执行新的安全规程，为劳工提供适当的保护，对于未来数月至关重要。

en-us	This is important in developing countries where agricultural production is more labor intensive, morbidity and movement restrictions can have larger impacts. 
zh-cn	这对于农业生产劳动力集约型程度较高的发展中国家很重要，发病率和人员流动限制可能产生较大的影响。 

en-us	Produce needs to reach the market. 
zh-cn	产品需要运到市场。

en-us	Food and related inputs and services need to be defined as essential goods so transport is prioritized to overcome the strictures of lockdowns. 
zh-cn	需要将食品及相关投入品和服务定义为必需品，从而给予优先运输而不受封城措施的限制。

en-us	Truckers need more than a green light to keep working. They need mechanics and related services to keep delivering food to markets. 
zh-cn	货车司机继续工作需要的不仅仅是绿灯，他们需要技工及相关服务，以保证把食物运送到市场。

en-us	The same goes for agricultural inputs. 
zh-cn	农业投入品也一样。

en-us	The continued flow of seeds, fertilizer and mechanical parts – often across borders – will be crucial in the next six to 12 months. 
zh-cn	在未来12个月，保障种子、化肥和机械零件的流通，往往是跨国流通，是非常重要的。

en-us	And we need to recognize the myriad of businesses including small and medium enterprises, often informal, that supply farmers and handle food from farm to fork, and devise policies to keep them afloat.  
zh-cn	我们需要认识到，为农民供应物资和参与食品“从农田到餐桌”全过程的是大量的企业，包括中小企业，往往是非正规企业，必须设计有利维持其生存的政策。 

en-us	"The World Bank estimates that 40 to 60 million more people will be living in extreme poverty in coming months, depending on the scale of the economic shock." 
zh-cn	“世界银行估计，在未来数月，根据经济冲击的规模大小，极端贫困人口将会增加4000-6000万人。” 

en-us	It’s important to not only ensure people access basic food supplies, but also that they have money to purchase them.  
zh-cn	重要的不仅仅是保障人民的基本食物供应，而且要确保他们有钱购买食品。

en-us	On average, food accounts for up to 60 percent of household expenditures in low income countries and 40 percent in emerging and development market economies. 
zh-cn	平均来说，食品占低收入国家家庭支出的比重可高达60%，在新兴市场和发展市场经济体占40%。

en-us	Economic recession and loss of livelihoods quickly erode the food security of millions of people – especially if food prices increase. 
zh-cn	经济衰退和丧失生计会迅速破坏亿万民众的粮食安全，特别是在粮价上涨的情况下。

en-us	The World Bank estimates that 40 to 60 million more people will be living in extreme poverty in coming months, depending on the scale of the economic shock. 
zh-cn	世界银行估计，在未来数月，根据经济冲击的规模大小，极端贫困人口将会增加4000-6000万人。 

en-us	Therefore, social safety nets for the poorest and most vulnerable are needed as part of the immediate and next phase of COVID-19 emergency assistance.  
zh-cn	因此，作为目前和下一阶段新冠疫情应对救助方案的一项内容，需要建立加强针对最贫困和最弱势群体的社会安全网。

en-us	Many countries are using social safety nets to respond. 
zh-cn	很多国家正在利用社会安全网进行应对。

en-us	However, much more needs to be done to compensate income losses and support businesses and promote economic resilience. 
zh-cn	但是，还需要做得更多，以补偿收入损失，扶持企业，提升经济韧性。

en-us	In poorer countries, social safety nets and inclusion programs remain limited in budget, coverage, benefit levels and flexibility, and need to be significantly scaled up to respond to a crisis of this magnitude.  
zh-cn	在较贫困国家，社会安全网和包容性计划在预算、覆盖面、福利水平和灵活性方面仍然有限，需要显著扩大规模来应对如此规模的危机。 

en-us	Given the urgency of this challenge, countries’ limited resources, and that a large percentage of the labor force and informal sector are agricultural and food producers as well as net consumers (in some of the poorest countries up to 80%), it makes sense to prioritize agriculture and food sectors in designing assistance programs. This will mean we are putting money in people’s pockets so they don’t go hungry, and making sure food keeps moving. 
zh-cn	鉴于这一挑战的紧迫性和各国有限的资源，鉴于农业和食品生产者以及净消费者在劳动力和非正规行业占很大比例（在一些最贫困国家可占到80%），在设计救助计划时优先考虑农业和食品行业是合情合理的，这意味着把钱放进民众的口袋里，不让他们挨饿，确保食品流通。 

en-us	Amid much terrible news tied to COVID-19 comes one positive forecast: World agricultural commodity prices are stable and are expected to remain so in 2020  , as production levels and stocks of most staple foods are at or near record highs. 
zh-cn	在关于新冠疫情的大量坏消息中出现了一个积极的预测：由于大部分主食粮食产量和库存处于或接近历史最高水平，世界粮食大宗商品价格稳定，而且预计2020年将继续保持稳定。 

en-us	The World Bank’s Commodity Markets Outlook comes with large caveats including uncertainty over the pandemic’s duration and severity; the direction of energy and fertilizer prices; currency movements; changes to trade and domestic support policies; and possible disruptions in global supply chains. 
zh-cn	世界银行《大宗商品市场展望》也提出需要关注的问题，包括疫情持续时间和严重程度的不确定性、能源和化肥价格走向、货币流动、贸易和国内支持性政策改变、全球供应链可能出现中断等等。

en-us	At a regional level, the worst locust outbreak in decades has hit 23 countries in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia, devastating crops on which millions depend.  
zh-cn	在地区层面，非洲、阿拉伯半岛和南亚23个国家遭受数十年来最严重的蝗灾，摧毁了亿万人赖以为生的粮食作物。 

en-us	Mitigating these risks requires concerted action. 
zh-cn	缓解这些风险需要协调一致的行动。

en-us	Rice prices trended upward in recent weeks due to drought conditions prior to COVID-19 and limiting trade measures, but came down in recent days thanks to the efforts of countries like Vietnam – the world’s third-largest rice exporter – which lifted its temporary export ban. 
zh-cn	由于新冠疫情爆发前的干旱和限制贸易的措施，最近几周大米价格趋涨，但由于越南（世界第三大大米出口国）等国取消临时性出口限制的努力，价格近日出现回落。 

en-us	This matters not only because a large share of rice consumed in Africa is imported, but also because past experience shows export restrictions can lead to rapid escalations in world food prices that affect poor countries the most. 
zh-cn	这很重要，不仅因为进口大米在非洲大米消费中占比很大，也因为过去的经验表明，出口限制可能导致世界粮价飞涨，对贫困国家影响最大。

en-us	This was the case during the 2007/2008 food price crisis, when as many as one-third of the world’s countries adopted trade restrictions and the number of poor people increased by 150 million. 
zh-cn	在2007/2008年粮价危机期间就是这种情况，当时全世界多达三分之一的国家实行了贸易限制，贫困人口增加了1.5亿人。 

en-us	It remains crucial to be vigilant which is why the World Bank joined G20 agricultural ministers and called on policymakers to refrain from imposing export restrictions. 
zh-cn	保持警惕仍十分重要，所以世界银行与二十国集团农业部长联手，呼吁各国政府决策者避免实行出口限制。

en-us	The message is resonating, with countries of the G20, Latin America and the Caribbean, African Union and ASEAN all signaling their positive intentions. 
zh-cn	这一信息引起了共鸣，二十国集团、拉美加勒比地区、非盟和东盟国家都表示了积极的意向。 

en-us	The world is facing unprecedented challenges today that require urgent, country-specific responses.  
zh-cn	如今，世界面临着前所未有的挑战，需要采取紧急的、针对具体国情的应对措施。 

en-us	"According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 820 million people were already undernourished before today’s crisis– including 135 million people experiencing acute food insecurity." 
zh-cn	“根据联合国粮农组织估计，在目前危机爆发前全世界已有8.2亿人营养不足，其中包括1.35亿人经历严重粮荒。” 

en-us	Hunger has remained shockingly prevalent in recent years. 
zh-cn	近年来，饥饿的普遍程度仍令人震惊。

en-us	According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 820 million people were already undernourished before today’s crisis – including 135 million people experiencing acute food insecurity. 
zh-cn	根据联合国粮农组织估计，在目前危机爆发前全世界已有8.2亿人营养不足，其中包括1.35亿人经历严重粮荒。

en-us	As incomes fall, we are already hearing reports of people skipping meals. 
zh-cn	随着收入下降，我们已经听说了有民众不吃饭的报道。

en-us	This wave of malnutrition will have long-lasting impacts on human capital, especially for children. 
zh-cn	这一波的营养不良将会对人力资本、尤其是儿童产生持久性的负面影响。 

en-us	There are plenty of new obstacles to food production, transport and consumption. 
zh-cn	粮食生产、运输和消费面临大量新的障碍。

en-us	Pests and disease outbreaks such as locusts and African Swine Fever as well as droughts compound the COVID-19 challenge, prompting the World Food Program to predict a doubling of acute food insecurity by the end of the year. 
zh-cn	蝗灾和非洲猪流感等病虫害和疫情以及干旱都使得新冠疫情进一步复杂化，使得世界粮食计划署预测今年年底粮荒会进一步加倍。

en-us	To understand the magnitude of the challenge, we need to look at the food supply chain and assess constraints at the country and local level. 
zh-cn	要想理解这一挑战的规模，我们需要研究粮食供应链，评估国家和地方层面的限制因素。 

en-us	Farmers must be able to plant and harvest. They need access to and financing for inputs like fertilizer and seeds. They will also need labor resources.
zh-cn	农民必须能够耕种和收获，需要获得资金购买化肥、种子等投入品，也需要劳动力资源。

en-us	Measures to stop the spread of coronavirus are impeding the movement of migrants who perform farm work in many countries. 
zh-cn	新冠疫情防控措施阻碍了在许多国家从事农业生产的移民的流动。

en-us	Allowing worker movement, enforcing new safety protocols, and supplying workers with adequate protection will be critical in the months ahead. 
zh-cn	允许劳工流动，执行新的安全规程，为劳工提供适当的保护，对于未来数月至关重要。

en-us	This is important in developing countries where agricultural production is more labor intensive, morbidity and movement restrictions can have larger impacts. 
zh-cn	这对于农业生产劳动力集约型程度较高的发展中国家很重要，发病率和人员流动限制可能产生较大的影响。 

en-us	Produce needs to reach the market. 
zh-cn	产品需要运到市场。

en-us	Food and related inputs and services need to be defined as essential goods so transport is prioritized to overcome the strictures of lockdowns. 
zh-cn	需要将食品及相关投入品和服务定义为必需品，从而给予优先运输而不受封城措施的限制。

en-us	Truckers need more than a green light to keep working. They need mechanics and related services to keep delivering food to markets. 
zh-cn	货车司机继续工作需要的不仅仅是绿灯，他们需要技工及相关服务，以保证把食物运送到市场。

en-us	The same goes for agricultural inputs. 
zh-cn	农业投入品也一样。

en-us	The continued flow of seeds, fertilizer and mechanical parts – often across borders – will be crucial in the next six to 12 months. 
zh-cn	在未来12个月，保障种子、化肥和机械零件的流通，往往是跨国流通，是非常重要的。

en-us	And we need to recognize the myriad of businesses including small and medium enterprises, often informal, that supply farmers and handle food from farm to fork, and devise policies to keep them afloat.  
zh-cn	我们需要认识到，为农民供应物资和参与食品“从农田到餐桌”全过程的是大量的企业，包括中小企业，往往是非正规企业，必须设计有利维持其生存的政策。 

en-us	"The World Bank estimates that 40 to 60 million more people will be living in extreme poverty in coming months, depending on the scale of the economic shock." 
zh-cn	“世界银行估计，在未来数月，根据经济冲击的规模大小，极端贫困人口将会增加4000-6000万人。” 

en-us	It’s important to not only ensure people access basic food supplies, but also that they have money to purchase them.  
zh-cn	重要的不仅仅是保障人民的基本食物供应，而且要确保他们有钱购买食品。

en-us	On average, food accounts for up to 60 percent of household expenditures in low income countries and 40 percent in emerging and development market economies. 
zh-cn	平均来说，食品占低收入国家家庭支出的比重可高达60%，在新兴市场和发展市场经济体占40%。

en-us	Economic recession and loss of livelihoods quickly erode the food security of millions of people – especially if food prices increase. 
zh-cn	经济衰退和丧失生计会迅速破坏亿万民众的粮食安全，特别是在粮价上涨的情况下。

en-us	The World Bank estimates that 40 to 60 million more people will be living in extreme poverty in coming months, depending on the scale of the economic shock. 
zh-cn	世界银行估计，在未来数月，根据经济冲击的规模大小，极端贫困人口将会增加4000-6000万人。 

en-us	Therefore, social safety nets for the poorest and most vulnerable are needed as part of the immediate and next phase of COVID-19 emergency assistance.  
zh-cn	因此，作为目前和下一阶段新冠疫情应对救助方案的一项内容，需要建立加强针对最贫困和最弱势群体的社会安全网。

en-us	Many countries are using social safety nets to respond. 
zh-cn	很多国家正在利用社会安全网进行应对。

en-us	However, much more needs to be done to compensate income losses and support businesses and promote economic resilience. 
zh-cn	但是，还需要做得更多，以补偿收入损失，扶持企业，提升经济韧性。

en-us	In poorer countries, social safety nets and inclusion programs remain limited in budget, coverage, benefit levels and flexibility, and need to be significantly scaled up to respond to a crisis of this magnitude.  
zh-cn	在较贫困国家，社会安全网和包容性计划在预算、覆盖面、福利水平和灵活性方面仍然有限，需要显著扩大规模来应对如此规模的危机。 

en-us	Given the urgency of this challenge, countries’ limited resources, and that a large percentage of the labor force and informal sector are agricultural and food producers as well as net consumers (in some of the poorest countries up to 80%), it makes sense to prioritize agriculture and food sectors in designing assistance programs. This will mean we are putting money in people’s pockets so they don’t go hungry, and making sure food keeps moving. 
zh-cn	鉴于这一挑战的紧迫性和各国有限的资源，鉴于农业和食品生产者以及净消费者在劳动力和非正规行业占很大比例（在一些最贫困国家可占到80%），在设计救助计划时优先考虑农业和食品行业是合情合理的，这意味着把钱放进民众的口袋里，不让他们挨饿，确保食品流通。 