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1512 4）经鼻高流量吸氧治疗患者误吸的预防：q4h巡查避免湿化过度或湿化不足管路积水现象并及时处理，警惕误入气道引起呛咳和误吸，保持鼻塞位置高度高于机器和管路水平，及时处理管路冷凝水。 (4) Aspiration prevention during HFNC: Check the humidifier every 4 hours to avoid excessive or insufficient humidification. Remove any water accumulated in the tubing promptly to prevent cough and aspiration caused by the accidental entry of condensation into the airway. Keep the position of the nasal cannula higher than the machine and tubes. Promptly remove condensation in the system.
1513 实施导管相关性血流感染、导尿管相关尿路感染策略。 Implement strategies to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection and catheter- related urinary tract infection.
1514 预防皮肤压力性损伤（包括器械相关压力性损伤）、失禁性皮炎、医用黏胶相关性皮肤损伤，使用风险评估量表筛选高危患者，实施预防策略。 Prevent pressure-induced skin injuries, including device-related pressure-induced injuries, incontinence-associated dermatitis and medical adhesive-related skin injuries. Identify patients at a high risk with the Risk Assessment Scale and implement preventive strategies.
1515 患者入院、病情变化时进行VTE风险评估，筛查高危患者，落实预防策略。 Assess all patients upon admission and when their clinical conditions change with the VTE risk assessment model to identify those who are at a high risk and implement preventive strategies.
1516 监测凝血功能及D-二聚体变化，关注VTE相关临床表现。 Monitor coagulation function, D-dimer levels and VTE-related clinical manifes- tations.
1517 体弱、呼吸急促、氧合波动明显者协助进食，进食期间加强氧合监测。 Assist eating for patients who are weak, short of breath or those with an obvious fluc- tuating oxygenation index. Intensify oxygenation index monitoring on these patients during meals.
1518 不能经口进食者，早期开通肠内营养，每班评估患者肠内营养耐受情况，根据评估结果调整肠内营养速度和量。 Provide enteral nutrition at early stages for those who are unable to eat by mouth. During each shift, adjust the enteral nutrition rate and quantity according to the tolerance of enteral nutrition.
1520 一. COVID-19患者医嘱范例 I. Medical Advice Example for COVID-19 Patients
1521 COVID-19轻型患者医嘱范例 Medical Advice of Mild COVID-19 Cases
1522 1.1诊疗医嘱 1.1 Ordinary